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Published in:
The Governing Equations and Dry Dynamics Read chapter Read first chapter

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Moisture and Moist Thermodynamics

Author : Boualem Khouider

Published in: Models for Tropical Climate Dynamics

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The most popular state variables that are used to define a thermodynamic system are the pressure, the temperature, and the composition. For our purpose, the atmospheric composition is divided into two main constituents: dry air, comprising nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., and water in its various states or phases including water vapour (referred to herein as moisture), liquid water in the form of suspended cloud or rain droplets, ice crystals, and snowflakes.

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previous chapter The Governing Equations and Dry Dynamics
next chapter Observations of Tropical Climate Dynamics and Convectively Coupled Waves
Footnotes
1
CAPE is normally defined as the integral of positive buoyancy between LFC and LNB (see below). Here we make a more general introduction of this concept for the sake of completeness. Although, maybe not practical in general there is no reason why we can’t define the available potential energy of a moist parcel of air that gets entrained by an existing updraft or one that gets detrained into the environment below LFC. In fact the latter situation is exploited in Chapters 6 through 12 to introduce the notion of low-level CAPE for parcels detraining below the freezing level and lead to the formation of congestion clouds.
 
Literature
[48]
Kerry A. Emanuel. Atmospheric Convection. Oxford University Press, 1994.
[61]
Adrian E. Gill. Atmosphere–Ocean Dynamics, volume 30 of International Geophysics Series. Academic Press, 1982.
Metadata
Title
Moisture and Moist Thermodynamics
Author
Boualem Khouider
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Models for Tropical Climate Dynamics

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17774-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-17775-1

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17775-1_2

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