Morphological, thermal, physical, and rheological study of biodegradable polymer poly (1,4-butylene succinate) extended with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane reinforced with montmorillonite and silica nanoparticles

This article presents a detailed investigation into the enhancement of poly(1,4-butylene succinate) extended with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (PBSu) through the incorporation of montmorillonite (MMT) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2). The study employs a range of analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and rheological measurements, to characterize the morphological, thermal, physical, and rheological properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The FTIR analysis reveals distinct interactions within the composite matrix, indicating significant bonding between the polymer and the nanofillers. SEM images showcase the dispersion and surface morphology of the nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, while XRD patterns provide insights into the crystalline structure and dispersion of the fillers. TGA and DSC analyses highlight the thermal stability and crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites, demonstrating how the addition of nanofillers influences these properties. Rheological studies further elucidate the dynamic viscoelastic properties, revealing the formation of network structures and particle–particle interactions that enhance the mechanical and thermal performance of the materials. The article concludes with a discussion on the environmental benefits and potential industrial applications of these biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, emphasizing their role in sustainable materials science and industrial innovation.