Multi-dimensional Collaborative Governance of Urban Sharing Platforms

Table of Contents

1. Frontmatter

2. Chapter 1. Introduction

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter delves into the meteoric rise of China's sharing economy, which has become a cornerstone of the country's Internet industry. It examines the significant economic output and employment opportunities generated by this sector, with a particular focus on transportation and services. The author discusses the theoretical underpinnings of sharing economy, its distinction from traditional rental models, and its potential to address resource allocation imbalances. However, the chapter also highlights the challenges faced by the sharing economy, including sustainability issues, regulatory hurdles, and resistance from traditional industries. It proposes the application of Ostrom's Common Pool Resources theory to understand and address these challenges, advocating for a multi-dimensional collaborative governance approach that involves both the sharing platform and external stakeholders.

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3. Chapter 2. Related Theory and Literature Review

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter delves into the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of the sharing economy, highlighting its impact on resource reorganization and industry disruption. It examines the governance challenges posed by sharing platforms and explores the concept of self-governance, drawing parallels with Ostrom's common pool resource theory. The text also discusses the regulatory dilemmas faced by governments in managing sharing economy platforms, offering insights into potential solutions and future research directions.

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4. Chapter 3. An Overview of the Development of Sharing Platforms and Urban Construction in China and Other Countries

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter begins by highlighting the importance of sharing platforms in integrating the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and the real economy, as emphasized by the Report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It then delves into the rapid growth of the sharing economy, particularly in China, and the factors driving this growth, such as population density and technological advancements. The text discusses various types of sharing platforms, including ride-sharing, accommodation sharing, and office sharing, and provides case studies from countries like the United States, France, South Korea, and Singapore. It also explores the challenges faced by sharing platforms, such as regulatory issues and market saturation, and discusses the future prospects of the sharing economy in urban development. The chapter concludes by examining the impact of sharing platforms on urban construction, including improvements in transportation efficiency, resource allocation, and economic development.

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5. Chapter 4. The Governance Experience of Urban Sharing Economy Platforms in China and Other Countries

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter delves into the governance experiences of urban sharing economy platforms, focusing on challenges such as security versus innovation, old versus new industrial organizations, and the control of externalities. It compares cases from China, the US, Europe, and Asia, highlighting the varied approaches to regulation, taxation, and competition. The text emphasizes the need for balanced governance that supports innovation while mitigating negative impacts on traditional industries and society. It also discusses the role of technology in addressing information asymmetries and the importance of international cooperation in shaping effective governance frameworks.

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6. Chapter 5. A Study of Self-governance of Urban Sharing Platforms Based on the CPRs Theory

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter delves into the self-governance of urban sharing platforms, drawing on Elinor Ostrom's CPRs theory. It outlines eight key principles for effective self-governance, including clear boundaries, alignment with local conditions, collective choice, and sanctions. The text also explores the nested boundaries of urban sharing platforms, the reliance on local resource conditions, and the role of homeowners associations in governance. Additionally, it discusses the importance of a good feedback mechanism, effective self-supervision, and the coordination between self-governance and government governance. The chapter highlights the need for a balanced approach that leverages the strengths of both self-governance and government oversight to ensure the sustainable development of the sharing economy industry.

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7. Chapter 6. Multi-dimensional Collaborative Governance of Urban House Sharing Platforms

   Jiachen Li

   This chapter delves into the multi-dimensional collaborative governance of urban house sharing platforms, a burgeoning sector within China's sharing economy. It begins by highlighting the growth and significance of the sharing economy, particularly the house sharing segment, which mobilizes idle resources and improves the utilization rate of idle houses. The chapter focuses on urban accommodation sharing platforms and discusses how these platforms can connect with rural homestays to promote rural tourism development. It then explores the self-governance mechanisms of these platforms, including expected benefits and costs, internal norms, and credible commitment and mutual supervision. The chapter also analyzes the role of government governance in addressing the challenges faced by these platforms, such as ensuring safety, taxation, and access control. Additionally, it examines the coordination and conflicts between shared accommodation and urban public resources, and the unique advantages and challenges of office sharing platforms. The chapter concludes by discussing the need for collaborative governance between the government, platforms, and society to ensure the sustainable development of the sharing economy.

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8. Chapter 7. Multi-dimensional Collaborative Governance of Urban Ride-Sharing Platforms

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter delves into the complexities of governing urban ride-sharing platforms, focusing on car-sharing and bike-sharing. It examines the self-governance mechanisms of these platforms, including expected revenues, costs, internal specifications, and credible commitments. The text also explores the advantages of the supply systems and the challenges faced by these platforms, such as safety and credit issues. Additionally, it discusses the co-governance between these platforms and the government, highlighting the need for regulations, taxation, and public-private collaboration. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of societal involvement in the governance of ride-sharing platforms, stressing the need for coordination between various stakeholders to ensure sustainable and efficient operations.

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9. Chapter 8. The Mechanism of Multi-dimensional Collaborative Governance of Urban Sharing Platforms

   Jiachen Li

   The chapter delves into the intricate governance mechanisms required for urban sharing platforms, emphasizing the necessity of multi-dimensional collaboration between platforms, governments, and society. It begins by outlining the complexities of urban governance and the unique challenges posed by sharing economy platforms. The research identifies two major problems: tax avoidance and unfair competition, as well as conflicts with urban spatial structures. Traditional government interventions, such as direct restrictions and bans, are critiqued for their disruptive impact on the sharing economy’s development. The chapter then proposes a multi-dimensional collaborative governance mechanism, drawing on the commonalities in governance methods across different industries. It highlights the advantages and defects of self-governance within the sharing platform industry, using Ostrom’s framework to analyze the self-governance characteristics. Notably, the chapter addresses the weak industry entry threshold, tax evasion instincts of start-up enterprises, and inadequate credit investigation systems. It suggests building a credit alliance, pilot programs for urban space resource utilization permits, and supplementary regulations to enhance the governance framework. The chapter also underscores the importance of post-event management, including punishment and reward systems, to maintain industry order and protect participants. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of social co-governance, community support, and the reconstruction of urban public space in achieving effective governance. The establishment of sharing platforms within urban agglomerations is also discussed as a future development strategy. The chapter concludes by summarizing the multi-dimensional collaborative governance model, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that considers the interests of all stakeholders.

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10. Chapter 9. Conclusion and Prospects

    Jiachen Li

    The chapter begins by examining the urban sharing economy, emphasizing its dependency on population density and internet technology. It identifies key challenges in platform governance, including contradictions with urban public services and government supervision. By applying Ostrom's CPRs theory, the chapter explores the principles of self-governance for sharing platforms, aiming to achieve coordination with government regulation and community management. Case studies of accommodation, office, car, and bike-sharing platforms reveal common issues such as easy entry thresholds and tax evasion, underscoring the need for government intervention to maintain fair competition and improve credit systems. The chapter also highlights the role of communities in supplementing platform governance through feedback and support systems. Ultimately, it argues for a balanced approach that leverages the advantages of the sharing economy while mitigating its risks and challenges.

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11. Backmatter