Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cellulose 10/2018

28-07-2018 | Original Paper

Nano crystalline cellulose sulfuric acid (s-NCC): a novel green nanocatalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroxy pyrimidine-fused heterocyclic compounds (PPFHs)

Authors: Kobra Nikoofar, Hannaneh Heidari, Yeganeh Shahedi

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 10/2018

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper, rod-shaped nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose through mechanical method using ultrasonication. The resultant has been utilized to obtain nanocrystalline cellulose sulfuric acid (s-NCC). The novel nanostructure has been characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The catalytic activity of the bio-based solid acid catalyst has been examined in a one-pot, pseudo four-component condensation reaction of barbituric acid, carbohydrates, and (hetero)aromatic amines in refluxing ethanol.

Graphical abstract

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Abdul Khalil BHPS, Davoudpour Y, NazrulIslamac Md, Mustapha A, Dungania KSR, Jawaid M (2014) Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: a review. Carbohydr Polym 99:649–665CrossRefPubMed Abdul Khalil BHPS, Davoudpour Y, NazrulIslamac Md, Mustapha A, Dungania KSR, Jawaid M (2014) Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: a review. Carbohydr Polym 99:649–665CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Aizpurao Olaizola O, Torano JS, Pukin A, Fu O, Boons GJ, de Jong GJ, Pieters RJ (2018) Affinity capillary electrophoresis for the assessment of binding affinity of carbohydrate-based cholera toxin inhibitors. Electrophoresis 39:344–347CrossRef Aizpurao Olaizola O, Torano JS, Pukin A, Fu O, Boons GJ, de Jong GJ, Pieters RJ (2018) Affinity capillary electrophoresis for the assessment of binding affinity of carbohydrate-based cholera toxin inhibitors. Electrophoresis 39:344–347CrossRef
go back to reference Anderesch J, Sicker D (1999) Reductive cyclization of carbohydrate 2-nitrophenylhydrazones to chiral functionalized 1,2,4-benzotriazines and benzimidazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 36:589–594CrossRef Anderesch J, Sicker D (1999) Reductive cyclization of carbohydrate 2-nitrophenylhydrazones to chiral functionalized 1,2,4-benzotriazines and benzimidazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 36:589–594CrossRef
go back to reference Asim S, Wasim M, Sabir A, Shafiq M, Andlib H, Khuram S, Ahmad A, Jamil T (2018) The effect of Nanocrystalline cellulose/Gum Arabic conjugates in crosslinked membrane for antibacterial, chlorine resistance and boron removal performance. J Hazard Mater 343:68–77CrossRefPubMed Asim S, Wasim M, Sabir A, Shafiq M, Andlib H, Khuram S, Ahmad A, Jamil T (2018) The effect of Nanocrystalline cellulose/Gum Arabic conjugates in crosslinked membrane for antibacterial, chlorine resistance and boron removal performance. J Hazard Mater 343:68–77CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Askorik Y, Agolyshev A, Skritchenkov A, Rgasilova E, Nposhina D, Jsivaram A, Jayakumar R (2017) Development of drug delivery systems for taxanes using ionic gelation of carboxyacyl derivatives of chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 162:49–55CrossRef Askorik Y, Agolyshev A, Skritchenkov A, Rgasilova E, Nposhina D, Jsivaram A, Jayakumar R (2017) Development of drug delivery systems for taxanes using ionic gelation of carboxyacyl derivatives of chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 162:49–55CrossRef
go back to reference Azizi Samir MAS, Alloin F, Dufresne A (2005) Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules 6:612–626CrossRefPubMed Azizi Samir MAS, Alloin F, Dufresne A (2005) Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules 6:612–626CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bai W, Holbery J, Li K (2009) A technique for production of nanocrystalline cellulose with a narrow size distribution. Cellulose 16:455–465CrossRef Bai W, Holbery J, Li K (2009) A technique for production of nanocrystalline cellulose with a narrow size distribution. Cellulose 16:455–465CrossRef
go back to reference Brahmachari G, Nurjamal Kh, Karmakar I, Begam S, Nayek N, Mandal B (2017) Development of a water-mediated and catalyst-free green protocol for easy access to a huge array of diverse and densely functionalized pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidines via one-pot multicomponent reaction under ambient conditions. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:9494–9505CrossRef Brahmachari G, Nurjamal Kh, Karmakar I, Begam S, Nayek N, Mandal B (2017) Development of a water-mediated and catalyst-free green protocol for easy access to a huge array of diverse and densely functionalized pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidines via one-pot multicomponent reaction under ambient conditions. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:9494–9505CrossRef
go back to reference Brinchi L, Cotana F, Fortunati E, Kenny JM (2013) Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: technology and applications. Carbohydr Polym 94:154–169CrossRefPubMed Brinchi L, Cotana F, Fortunati E, Kenny JM (2013) Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: technology and applications. Carbohydr Polym 94:154–169CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Brown EE, Hu D, Lail NA, Zhang X (2013) Potential of nanocrystalline cellulose–fibrin nanocomposites for artificial vascular graft applications. Biomacromolecules 14:1063–1071CrossRefPubMed Brown EE, Hu D, Lail NA, Zhang X (2013) Potential of nanocrystalline cellulose–fibrin nanocomposites for artificial vascular graft applications. Biomacromolecules 14:1063–1071CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Brust A, Cuny E (2014) Reducing disaccharides and their 1,2-dicarbonyl intermediates as building blocks for nitrogen heterocycles. RSC Adv 4:5759–5767CrossRef Brust A, Cuny E (2014) Reducing disaccharides and their 1,2-dicarbonyl intermediates as building blocks for nitrogen heterocycles. RSC Adv 4:5759–5767CrossRef
go back to reference Cao Sh, Xu H, Li X, Lou W, Zong M (2015) Papain@magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose nanobiocatalyst: a highly efficient biocatalyst for dipeptide biosynthesis in deep eutectic solvents. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:1589–1599CrossRef Cao Sh, Xu H, Li X, Lou W, Zong M (2015) Papain@magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose nanobiocatalyst: a highly efficient biocatalyst for dipeptide biosynthesis in deep eutectic solvents. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:1589–1599CrossRef
go back to reference Chakraborty A, Sain M, Kortschot M (2005) Cellulose microfibrils: a novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing. Holzforschung 59:102–107CrossRef Chakraborty A, Sain M, Kortschot M (2005) Cellulose microfibrils: a novel method of preparation using high shear refining and cryocrushing. Holzforschung 59:102–107CrossRef
go back to reference Chen W, Yu H, Liu Y, Chen P, Zhang M, Hai Y (2011) Individualization of cellulose nanofibers from wood using high-intensity ultrasonication combined with chemical pretreatments. Carbohydr Polym 83:1804–1811CrossRef Chen W, Yu H, Liu Y, Chen P, Zhang M, Hai Y (2011) Individualization of cellulose nanofibers from wood using high-intensity ultrasonication combined with chemical pretreatments. Carbohydr Polym 83:1804–1811CrossRef
go back to reference Chen X, Yang H, Hülsey MJ, Yan N (2017) One-step synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds from carbohydrates over tungsten-based catalysts. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:11096–11104CrossRef Chen X, Yang H, Hülsey MJ, Yan N (2017) One-step synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds from carbohydrates over tungsten-based catalysts. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:11096–11104CrossRef
go back to reference Cheng M, Qin Z, Chen Y, Hu S, Ren Z, Zhu M (2017) Efficient extraction of cellulose nanocrystals through hydrochloric acid hydrolysis catalyzed by inorganic chlorides under hydrothermal conditions. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:4656–4664CrossRef Cheng M, Qin Z, Chen Y, Hu S, Ren Z, Zhu M (2017) Efficient extraction of cellulose nanocrystals through hydrochloric acid hydrolysis catalyzed by inorganic chlorides under hydrothermal conditions. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:4656–4664CrossRef
go back to reference Daneshfar Z, Rostami A (2015) Cellulose sulfonic acid as a green, efficient, and reusable catalyst for Nazarov cyclization of unactivated dienones and pyrazoline synthesis. RSC Adv 5:104695–104707CrossRef Daneshfar Z, Rostami A (2015) Cellulose sulfonic acid as a green, efficient, and reusable catalyst for Nazarov cyclization of unactivated dienones and pyrazoline synthesis. RSC Adv 5:104695–104707CrossRef
go back to reference Danishefsky JS, Allen JR (2000) From the laboratory to the clinic: a retrospective on fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines frequently used abbreviations are listed in the appendix. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 39:836–863CrossRefPubMed Danishefsky JS, Allen JR (2000) From the laboratory to the clinic: a retrospective on fully synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines frequently used abbreviations are listed in the appendix. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 39:836–863CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Domingues RMA, Gomes ME, Reis RL (2014) The potential of cellulose nanocrystals in tissue engineering strategies. Biomacromolecules 15:2327–2346CrossRefPubMed Domingues RMA, Gomes ME, Reis RL (2014) The potential of cellulose nanocrystals in tissue engineering strategies. Biomacromolecules 15:2327–2346CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dong XM, Revol JF, Gray DG (1998) Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose. Cellulose 5:19–32CrossRef Dong XM, Revol JF, Gray DG (1998) Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose. Cellulose 5:19–32CrossRef
go back to reference Eswaramma S, KrishnaRao VKS (2017) Synthesis of dual responsive carbohydrate polymer based IPN microbeads for controlled release of anti-HIV drug. Carbohydr Polym 156:125–134CrossRefPubMed Eswaramma S, KrishnaRao VKS (2017) Synthesis of dual responsive carbohydrate polymer based IPN microbeads for controlled release of anti-HIV drug. Carbohydr Polym 156:125–134CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference French AD (2014) Idealized powder diffraction patterns for cellulose polymorphs. Cellulose 21:885–896CrossRef French AD (2014) Idealized powder diffraction patterns for cellulose polymorphs. Cellulose 21:885–896CrossRef
go back to reference Gorea RP, Rajputb P (2013) A review on recent progress in multicomponent reactions of pyrimidine synthesis. Drug Invent Today 5:148–152CrossRef Gorea RP, Rajputb P (2013) A review on recent progress in multicomponent reactions of pyrimidine synthesis. Drug Invent Today 5:148–152CrossRef
go back to reference Habibi Y, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ (2010) Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Rev 110:3479–3500CrossRefPubMed Habibi Y, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ (2010) Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Rev 110:3479–3500CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Haywood AD, Davis VA (2017) Effects of liquid crystalline and shear alignment on the optical properties of cellulose nanocrystal films. Cellulose 24:705–716CrossRef Haywood AD, Davis VA (2017) Effects of liquid crystalline and shear alignment on the optical properties of cellulose nanocrystal films. Cellulose 24:705–716CrossRef
go back to reference Idris F, Muharram SH, Diah S (2016) Glycosylation of dengue virus glycoproteins and their interactions with carbohydrate receptors: possible targets for antiviral therapy. Arch Virol 161:1751–1760CrossRefPubMed Idris F, Muharram SH, Diah S (2016) Glycosylation of dengue virus glycoproteins and their interactions with carbohydrate receptors: possible targets for antiviral therapy. Arch Virol 161:1751–1760CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kaushik M, Basu K, Benoit Ch, Cirtiu CM, Vali H, Moores A (2015) Cellulose nanocrystals as chiral inducers: enantioselective catalysis and transmission electron microscopy 3D characterization. J Am Chem Soc 137:6124–6127CrossRefPubMed Kaushik M, Basu K, Benoit Ch, Cirtiu CM, Vali H, Moores A (2015) Cellulose nanocrystals as chiral inducers: enantioselective catalysis and transmission electron microscopy 3D characterization. J Am Chem Soc 137:6124–6127CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Khalafi-Nezhad A, Nourisefat M, Panahi F (2014) Carbohydrates as reagent in multicomponent reactions: one-pot access to a new library of hydrophilic substituted pyrimidine-fused heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 12:9419–9426CrossRefPubMed Khalafi-Nezhad A, Nourisefat M, Panahi F (2014) Carbohydrates as reagent in multicomponent reactions: one-pot access to a new library of hydrophilic substituted pyrimidine-fused heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 12:9419–9426CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:3358–3393CrossRef Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:3358–3393CrossRef
go back to reference Kobayashi Sh, Kashiwa K, Shimada J, Kawasaki T, Shoda Sh (1992) Enzymatic polymerization: the first in vitro synthesis of cellulose via nonbiosynthetic path catalyzed by cellulase. Macromol Symp 54–55:509–518CrossRef Kobayashi Sh, Kashiwa K, Shimada J, Kawasaki T, Shoda Sh (1992) Enzymatic polymerization: the first in vitro synthesis of cellulose via nonbiosynthetic path catalyzed by cellulase. Macromol Symp 54–55:509–518CrossRef
go back to reference Kong Sh, Fan W, Wu G, Miao Z (2012) Enantioselective synthesis of tertiary α-hydroxy phosphonates catalyzed by carbohydrate/cinchona alkaloid thiourea organocatalysts. Angew Chem 51:8864–8867CrossRef Kong Sh, Fan W, Wu G, Miao Z (2012) Enantioselective synthesis of tertiary α-hydroxy phosphonates catalyzed by carbohydrate/cinchona alkaloid thiourea organocatalysts. Angew Chem 51:8864–8867CrossRef
go back to reference Koukabi N, Kolvari E, Zolfigol MA, Khazaei A, Shaghasemi BS, Fasahati B (2012) A magnetic particle-supported sulfonic acid catalyst: tuning catalytic activity between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 354:2001–2008CrossRef Koukabi N, Kolvari E, Zolfigol MA, Khazaei A, Shaghasemi BS, Fasahati B (2012) A magnetic particle-supported sulfonic acid catalyst: tuning catalytic activity between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 354:2001–2008CrossRef
go back to reference Lam E, Hrapovic S, Majid E, Chong JH, Luong JHT (2012) Catalysis using gold nanoparticles decorated on nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanoscale 4:997–1002CrossRefPubMed Lam E, Hrapovic S, Majid E, Chong JH, Luong JHT (2012) Catalysis using gold nanoparticles decorated on nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanoscale 4:997–1002CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Li W, Yue J, Liu Sh (2012a) Preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose via ultrasound and its reinforcement capability for poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Ultrason Sonochem 19:479–485CrossRefPubMed Li W, Yue J, Liu Sh (2012a) Preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose via ultrasound and its reinforcement capability for poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Ultrason Sonochem 19:479–485CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Li J, Wei X, Wang Q, Chen J, Chang G, Kong L, Liu JY (2012b) Homogeneous isolation of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse by high pressure homogenization. Carbohydr Polym 90:1609–1613CrossRefPubMed Li J, Wei X, Wang Q, Chen J, Chang G, Kong L, Liu JY (2012b) Homogeneous isolation of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse by high pressure homogenization. Carbohydr Polym 90:1609–1613CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Liu Y, Wang H, Yu G, Yu Q, Li B, Mu X (2014) A novel approach for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose by using phosphotungstic acid. Carbohydr Polym 110:415–422CrossRefPubMed Liu Y, Wang H, Yu G, Yu Q, Li B, Mu X (2014) A novel approach for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose by using phosphotungstic acid. Carbohydr Polym 110:415–422CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Liu C, Li B, Du H, Lv D, Zhang Y, Yu G, Mu X, Peng H (2016) Properties of nanocellulose isolated from corncob residue using sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxidative and mechanical methods. Carbohydr Polym 151:716–724CrossRefPubMed Liu C, Li B, Du H, Lv D, Zhang Y, Yu G, Mu X, Peng H (2016) Properties of nanocellulose isolated from corncob residue using sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxidative and mechanical methods. Carbohydr Polym 151:716–724CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mishra A, Mishra N, Tiwari VK (2016) Carbohydrate-based organocatalysts: recent developments and future perspectives. Curr Org Synth 13:176–219CrossRef Mishra A, Mishra N, Tiwari VK (2016) Carbohydrate-based organocatalysts: recent developments and future perspectives. Curr Org Synth 13:176–219CrossRef
go back to reference Moodley V, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB, Van Zyl WE (2017) Synthesis of triazolidine-3-one derivatives through the nanocellulose/hydroxyapatite-catalyzed reaction of aldehydes and semicarbazide. New J Chem 41:6455–6463CrossRef Moodley V, Maddila S, Jonnalagadda SB, Van Zyl WE (2017) Synthesis of triazolidine-3-one derivatives through the nanocellulose/hydroxyapatite-catalyzed reaction of aldehydes and semicarbazide. New J Chem 41:6455–6463CrossRef
go back to reference Panahi F, Yousefi R, Mehraban MH, Khalafi-Nezhad A (2013) Synthesis of new pyrimidine-fused derivatives as potent and selective antidiabetic a-glucosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 380:81–91CrossRefPubMed Panahi F, Yousefi R, Mehraban MH, Khalafi-Nezhad A (2013) Synthesis of new pyrimidine-fused derivatives as potent and selective antidiabetic a-glucosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 380:81–91CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pasquini D, Teixeira EM, da SilvaCurvelo AA, Belgacem MN, Dufresne A (2010) Extraction of cellulose whiskers from cassava bagasse and their applications as reinforcing agent in natural rubber. Ind Crops Prod 32:486–490CrossRef Pasquini D, Teixeira EM, da SilvaCurvelo AA, Belgacem MN, Dufresne A (2010) Extraction of cellulose whiskers from cassava bagasse and their applications as reinforcing agent in natural rubber. Ind Crops Prod 32:486–490CrossRef
go back to reference Peng BL, Dhar N, Liu H, Tam K (2011) Chemistry and applications of nanocrystalline cellulose and its derivatives: a nanotechnology perspective. Can J Chem Eng 89:1191–1206CrossRef Peng BL, Dhar N, Liu H, Tam K (2011) Chemistry and applications of nanocrystalline cellulose and its derivatives: a nanotechnology perspective. Can J Chem Eng 89:1191–1206CrossRef
go back to reference Sadeghi B, Sowlat Tafti MH (2016) Nano-cellulose-OSO3H as a new, green, and effective nano-catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyrano [4,3-b] pyrans. J Iran J Soc 13:1375–1384CrossRef Sadeghi B, Sowlat Tafti MH (2016) Nano-cellulose-OSO3H as a new, green, and effective nano-catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyrano [4,3-b] pyrans. J Iran J Soc 13:1375–1384CrossRef
go back to reference Shankar S, Rhim J-W (2016) Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: the effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. Carbohydr Polym 135:18–26CrossRefPubMed Shankar S, Rhim J-W (2016) Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: the effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. Carbohydr Polym 135:18–26CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Toobaei Z, Yousefi R, Panahi F, Shahidpour S, Nourisefat M, Doroodmand MM, Khalafi-Nezhad A (2015) Synthesis of novel poly-hydroxyl functionalized acridine derivatives as inhibitors of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase. Carbohydr Res 411:22–32CrossRefPubMed Toobaei Z, Yousefi R, Panahi F, Shahidpour S, Nourisefat M, Doroodmand MM, Khalafi-Nezhad A (2015) Synthesis of novel poly-hydroxyl functionalized acridine derivatives as inhibitors of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase. Carbohydr Res 411:22–32CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vekariya RH, Patel HD (2015) Cellulose sulfuric acid (CSA) and starch sulfuric acid (SSA) as solid and heterogeneous catalysts in green organic synthesis: recent advances. ARKIVOK i:136–159 Vekariya RH, Patel HD (2015) Cellulose sulfuric acid (CSA) and starch sulfuric acid (SSA) as solid and heterogeneous catalysts in green organic synthesis: recent advances. ARKIVOK i:136–159
go back to reference Xie J, Bogliotti N (2014) Synthesis and applications of carbohydrate-derived macrocyclic compounds. Chem Rev 114:7678–7739CrossRefPubMed Xie J, Bogliotti N (2014) Synthesis and applications of carbohydrate-derived macrocyclic compounds. Chem Rev 114:7678–7739CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Xiong R, Zhang X, Tian D, Zhou Z, Lu C (2012) Comparing microcrystalline with spherical nanocrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. Cellulose 19:1189–1198CrossRef Xiong R, Zhang X, Tian D, Zhou Z, Lu C (2012) Comparing microcrystalline with spherical nanocrystalline cellulose from waste cotton fabrics. Cellulose 19:1189–1198CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Nano crystalline cellulose sulfuric acid (s-NCC): a novel green nanocatalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroxy pyrimidine-fused heterocyclic compounds (PPFHs)
Authors
Kobra Nikoofar
Hannaneh Heidari
Yeganeh Shahedi
Publication date
28-07-2018
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cellulose / Issue 10/2018
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1942-9

Other articles of this Issue 10/2018

Cellulose 10/2018 Go to the issue