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Natural Polymer Drug Delivery Systems

Nanoparticles, Plants, and Algae

  • 2016
  • Book
Author
Saurabh Bhatia
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Part of
Springer Professional "Business + Economics & Engineering + Technology"
Springer Professional "Engineering + Technology"
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About this book

This book describes 200 bio-polymers, including the most recent and advanced nanotechnology applications. The applications of various bio-medical and other future potential uses are covered and examined in depth. Systematic discussion of current leading natural polymers is also included.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Nanotechnology and Its Drug Delivery Applications
Abstract
Drug delivery is attractive approach for medicine field, as more potent and specific drugs are being developed. With the integration of nanotechnology, so-called smart drug-delivery systems integrate biosensing functionalities which sustain independently in vivo reaction control that resulting in part unique features of the term Nanomedicine. Nanotechnology is one of the very frontiers of science today. Current polymeric research is dominantly participating in the advancement of nanotechnology by offering the controlled release of therapeutic agents in constant doses over prolong periods, cyclic dosage, and tunable release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Many biomaterials can be used to this end, offering extensive chemical diversity and the potential for further modification using nanoparticles. Conventional methods of drug delivery present several disadvantages, mainly due to off-target effects that may originate severe side and toxic effect to healthy tissues. New drug delivery systems based on nanoscale devices showing new and improved properties and developed as promising solutions for achieving desirable therapeutic efficacy. Here, we provide a broad overview of novel nanoparticle based drug delivery systems, covering its innovations, applications and commercialization systems using both natural and synthetic polymers.
Saurabh Bhatia
Chapter 2. Nanoparticles Types, Classification, Characterization, Fabrication Methods and Drug Delivery Applications
Abstract
The most emerging branch in pharmaceutical sciences known as “Pharmaceutical nanotechnology” presents new tools, opportunities and scope, which are expected to have significant applications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently nano-pharamceuticals reveal enormous potential in drug delivery as carrier for spatial and temporal delivery of bioactive and diagnostics. Additionally it also provides smart materials for tissue engineering. This discipline is now well-established for drug delivery, diagnostics, prognostic and treatment of diseases through its nanoengineered tools. Some nanotech based products and delivery systems are already in market. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology comprised of nano-sized products which can be transformed in numerous ways to improve their characteristics. Drugs that are transformed in to nano range offer some unique features which can lead to prolonged circulation, improved drug localization, enhanced drug efficacy etc. Various pharmaceutical nanotechnology based systems which can be termed as nanopharmaceuticals like polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, etc. have brought about revolutionary changes in drug delivery as well as the total medical service system. With the aid of nanopharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical nanotechnology could have a profound influence on disease prevention to provide better insights into the molecular basis of disease. However some recently found health risk evidences limits their utilization in pharmaceutical industry. Some concerning issues like safety, bioethical issues, toxicity hazards, physiological and pharmaceutical challenges get to be resolved by the scientists. Current researchers are still lacking sufficient data and guidelines regarding safe use of these nanotechnology based devices and materials. Therefore pharmaceutical nanotechnology is still in infancy. The present chapter summarizes the types of nanopharmaceuticals with the most important applications and nanoparticles associated health risk related information available till present.
Saurabh Bhatia
Chapter 3. Natural Polymers vs Synthetic Polymer
Abstract
Polymers play an important role as excipients in any dosage form. They influence drug release and should be stable, economic compatible, non-toxic, etc. They are broadly classified as natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Synthetic and natural based biodegradable polymers have received much more attention in the last decades due their potential applications in the fields related to environmental protection and the maintenance of physical health. Biodegradable materials are used in agriculture, medicine packaging, and other areas. In recent years there has been an increase in interest in biodegradable polymers. Two classes of biodegradable polymers can be distinguished: synthetic or natural polymers. Synthetic polymers are widely used in biomedical implants and devices because they can be fabricated into various shapes. Natural polymers are basically polysaccharides so they are biocompatible and without any side effects. In this chapter we have discussed various natural polymers, their advantages over synthetic polymers and role of natural polymers in designing novel drug delivery systems.
Saurabh Bhatia
Chapter 4. Plant Derived Polymers, Properties, Modification & Applications
Abstract
Current polymeric research has explored various applications in drug delivery and its related biomedical applications. Natural polymers especially those are derived from plant sources has evidenced for growing interest and attention in biomedical and pharmaceuticals sectors. Owing to their relative abundance, low cost, and biodegradable and eco-friendly profiles, plant derived polysaccharides are more preferred over the synthetic polymers. Present work demonstrates the drug delivery applications of plant based polysaccharides especially in nanotechnology sector. Outstanding features of these polysaccharides attributed to its unique physico-chemical properties. These plants polymer based nanomaterials used or investigated as release retardant in sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Nanomaterials of these plant based polysaccharide exhibit high water content, functionality, biocompatibility, tunable size from submicrons to tens of nanometers, large surface area for multivalent bioconjugation, and interior network for the incorporation of therapeutics. These unique properties present great potential for the utilization of polysaccharide-based microgels/nanogels in tissue biomedical implants, engineering, bionanotechnology, and particularly, drug delivery.
Saurabh Bhatia
Chapter 5. Marine Polysaccharides Based Nano-Materials and Its Applications
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides and its associated nano-materials are currently considered as an excellent source for nano-technological applications. These applications are broadly categorized in the field of cancer therapy, wound dressing, drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, water treatment and biosensor. Promising biological functions are due to their structure and physicochemical characteristics, which certainly depend on the source of the organism. Production of marine polysaccharides based nano-materials is simple, economical, biodegradable, and well suggested to be used in the large-scale production of bio-nanomaterials. These polysaccharides are highly biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, low cost, stable, safe, and abundant. Nevertheless the majority of the commercial applications are still at the laboratory level. Moreover in vivo investigations and clinical applications are required to develop industrial nanoproducts. In addition to these applications marine polysaccharide-based nano-materials have various applications biomedical sciences, fabric and food industries, and pharmaceutical industries.
Saurabh Bhatia
Title
Natural Polymer Drug Delivery Systems
Author
Saurabh Bhatia
Copyright Year
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-41129-3
Print ISBN
978-3-319-41128-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41129-3

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