1. Neurodiversity and Neurodivergence: Subject and Definition

Neurodiversity refers to the natural variation in how people and individuals think, process information, and experience the world. Neurodivergent individuals, such as those with autism, ADHD, autism, dyslexia, or Tourette’s syndrome, bring unique strengths to the workplace, but their inclusion remains still limited (Amstrong, 2011). Neurodiversity refers to the virtually infinite neurocognitive variability within Earth’s human population. It points to the fact that every human has a unique nervous system with a unique combination of abilities and needs. The importance of understanding neurodiversity is evidenced by the fact that up to 20% of the world’s population exhibits some form of neurodivergence, with dyslexia being the most common type of a neurodivergent condition (Amstrong, 2011). Neurodiversity is made up of the terms “neuro” (nerves) and “diversity.” This refers to the assumption and attitude that neurobiological differences in the brain are part of the spectrum of our development and do not represent a disorder or illness. For example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are not seen as developmental disorders, but as neurological diversity. This is intended to shift the focus from concepts such as illness and deficit to diversity and individuality. According to the concept of neurodiversity, people with ADHD, autism, and other “learning disorders” do not have a disability or disorder. Instead, they simply reflect a different type of functioning of the human brain—an expression on a broad (normal) spectrum.