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New Horizons of Cylinder Mixture Formation in Direct Injection Hydrogen Combustion Engines

  • 2024
  • OriginalPaper
  • Chapter
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Abstract

First hydrogen combustion engines will most likely go into series with port-fuel injection, based on Diesel engine hardware. But it is already obvious that direct injection concepts will represent the second generation of mixture formation systems. Challenges like injection nozzle design and mixture formation for highest levels of homogeneity are already well known. Market participants are improving these kind of product properties.
This paper discusses several additional opportunities aiming to increase the homogeneity index of direct injection concepts allowing in consequence lower NOX and/or higher torque output at the borderline of an air-to-fuel ratio of approximately 2.5.
The new Schaeffler Dual Mode nozzle provides first results in terms of homogeneity using both flow patterns, Coandă and a straight jet, during the same engine working cycle. The Coandă fuel mass share can be varied by parameters like pressure ratios, needle lift and Coandă radius leading to a current reduction of engine out NOX Emissions of 30–40%.

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Title
New Horizons of Cylinder Mixture Formation in Direct Injection Hydrogen Combustion Engines
Authors
Dr.-Ing. Olaf Weber
Dipl.-Ing. Jan Leberwurst
Dr. rer.nat.Jochen Broz
Dipl.-Ing. Patrick Ullmann
Copyright Year
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45010-6_9
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    AVL List GmbH/© AVL List GmbH, dSpace, BorgWarner, Smalley, FEV, Xometry Europe GmbH/© Xometry Europe GmbH, The MathWorks Deutschland GmbH/© The MathWorks Deutschland GmbH, HORIBA/© HORIBA, Outokumpu/© Outokumpu, Gentex GmbH/© Gentex GmbH, Ansys, Yokogawa GmbH/© Yokogawa GmbH, Softing Automotive Electronics GmbH/© Softing Automotive Electronics GmbH, measX GmbH & Co. KG, Hirose Electric GmbH/© Hirose Electric GmbH