New Ternary Blend Limestone Calcined Clay Cement for Solidification/Stabilization of Pb²⁺ Contaminated Soil

The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in engineering applications has been gaining more attention recently. SCMs such as calcined clay (CC) and limestone (LS) used for the clinker substitution over 50% during the cement manufacturing process makes an effective low clinker cement blend called limestone calcined clay cement (LC³). In the present study, the effects of LC³ binder on pH, leaching, and strength performance of lead (Pb) contaminated soil are investigated. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test was conducted to evaluate the leaching potential, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was conducted to assess strength characteristics. The TCLP test results show that the leached Pb concentrations in the LC³ stabilized samples were well below the regulatory limits after 14 days of curing, and the UCS strength values increased with the increase in the curing time. Therefore, the use of new ternary blend LC³ can be used as a sustainable and environmental-friendly additive for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.