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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. New Words, Old Patterns: Political Discourse and Documents on Poverty and Social Exclusion in Greece

Authors : Dimitris Katsikas, Anastasia Papakonstantinou

Published in: Socioeconomic Fragmentation and Exclusion in Greece under the Crisis

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In this chapter, the authors review the political discourses and documents on poverty and social exclusion before and after the outbreak of the crisis. Before 2010, there were only rare and generic references to such issues in political discourse. After the eruption of the crisis, references to these issues have increased significantly, while new terms, like ‘humanitarian crisis’, have entered the political vocabulary. However, both the increased references and the new terms employed have been typically used in the context of communication strategies aiming to increase political polarization and capitalize on the anger and frustration of suffering Greeks. All in all, the pre-crisis patterns of political discourse on issues of poverty and social exclusion do not seem to have changed substantially, in qualitative terms, during the crisis.

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Footnotes
1
Beyond the physical endowments of the land and particular historical legacies, these characteristics are also the result of previously taken political decisions and long-established institutional arrangements.
 
2
It has been customary for the country’s prime minister to set out his government’s policies for each coming year in a speech at the annual Thessaloniki International Trade Fair. The leaders of all the other political parties similarly set out their own political programmes.
 
3
Speech of the President of Syriza, Alecos Alavanos, at the Plenary Session for the approval of the State Budget of 2005, 22.12.2004, available at http://​www.​Syriza.​gr/​article/​id/​33113/​Omilia-toy-Proedroy-toy-Synaspismoy-Rizospastikhs-Aristeras-Al.​Alabanoy-sth-syzhthsh-gia-ton-kratiko-pro%CF%8Bpologismo-2005.​html#.​U3Ntb_​l_​vT8 [accessed on 20.06.2013] [in Greek].
 
4
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 22.12.2004, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es041222.​txt [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
5
Ibid.
 
6
Ibid.
 
7
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 20.12.2007, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es071220.​txt [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
8
Ibid.
 
9
The Solidarity Fund was an institution created by the government of New Democracy at the time.
 
10
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 20.12.2007, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es071220.​txt [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
11
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 22.12.2009, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Praktika/​Synedriaseis-Olomeleias?​search=​on&​DateFrom=​20%2F12%2F2009 &​DateTo=​22%2F12%2F2009 [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
12
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 22.12.2010, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Praktika/​Synedriaseis-Olomeleias?​search=​on&​DateFrom=​20%2F12%2F2010 &​DateTo=​22%2F12%2F2010 [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
13
Ibid.
 
14
Ibid.
 
15
Ibid.
 
16
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 06.12.2011, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Praktika/​Synedriaseis-Olomeleias?​search=​on&​DateFrom=​06%2F12%2F2011 &​DateTo=​06%2F12%2F2011 [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
17
Ibid.
 
18
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 11.12.2012, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Praktika/​Synedriaseis-Olomeleias?​search=​on&​DateFrom=​11%2F11%2F2012 &​DateTo=​11%2F11%2F2012 [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
19
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 03–06.12.2013, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Praktika/​Synedriaseis-Olomeleias?​search=​on&​DateFrom=​03%2F12%2F2013&​ DateTo=​06%2F12%2F2013 [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
20
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 03.12.2013, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es20131203.​pdf [accessed on 19.06.2014] [in Greek].
 
21
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 4.12.2014, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es20141204.​pdf [accessed on 15.03.2015] [in Greek].
 
22
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 5.12.2014, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es20141205.​pdf [accessed on 15.03.2015] [in Greek].
 
23
This was a programme of 200 million euros, outlined in the first law brought to parliament by the new government in March 2015. We will refer to the parliamentary discussion on this law in the next section of the chapter.
 
24
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 4.12.2015, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es20151204.​pdf [accessed on 15/02/2016] [in Greek].
 
25
Minutes of the Plenary Session of the Hellenic Parliament, 4.12.2015, available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​UserFiles/​a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a-09f4c564609d/​es20151204.​pdf [accessed on 15/02/2016] [in Greek].
 
26
Ibid.
 
28
Session of the Standing Committee of Social Affairs on 06.03.2015 available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Koinovouleftikes​-Epitropes/​Synedriaseis?​met_​id=​66df575c-b81c-4e13-941e-a45200bc3d33 [accessed on 15.03.2016] [in Greek].
 
29
Session of the Standing Committee of Social Affairs on 12.03.2015 available at http://​www.​hellenicparliame​nt.​gr/​Koinovouleftikes​-Epitropes/​Synedriaseis?​met_​id=​e24dd955-2c09-4b32-af7e-a45600a53000 [accessed on 15.03.2016] [in Greek].
 
30
The nation-wide implementation of the GMI, begun in early 2017.
 
31
Speech of the Prime Minister K. Karamanlis at the inauguration of Thessaloniki International Trade Fair, 10.09.2004, available at http://​www.​mathra.​gr/​default_​1295.​aspx [accessed on 20.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
32
PASOK, Electoral Declaration 2004, available at http://​www.​tanea.​gr/​news/​greece/​article/​4322061/​?​iid=​2 [accessed on 20.04.2014] [in Greek].
 
33
PASOK, Governance Programme 2007, available at http://​www.​tanea.​gr/​news/​greece/​article/​12024/​?​iid=​2 [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
35
Speech of the President of Syriza, 11.09.2007, available at http://​www.​syn.​gr/​gr/​keimeno.​php?​id=​7449 [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
36
Pasok, Electoral declaration 2009, available at http://​www.​policy-network.​net/​uploads/​media/​17/​7051.​pdf [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
38
Speech of the President of Pasok and Prime Minister, 11.09.2010, available at http://​www.​tovima.​gr/​politics/​article/​?​aid=​353809 [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
39
Speech of the President of Pasok and Prime Minister, 11.09.2011, available at http://​www.​xblog.​gr/​76-deth-omilia-papandreou/​ [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
40
Presentation of the Programme of Syriza for Social and Labour Affairs by P. Lafazanis, 01.06.2012, available at http://​www.​syn.​gr/​gr/​keimeno.​php?​id=​27216 [accessed on 30.05.2014].
 
41
Speech of the President of Pasok, E. Venizelos, April 2012 on the programme of Pasok, available at https://​www.​evenizelos.​gr/​168-speeches/​politicalspeeche​s/​speeches2012/​3321-pasok-sp-1120.​html [accessed on 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
42
Speech of the President of ND and Prime Minister in the Thessaloniki International Trade Fair, 2012, available at http://​www.​nd.​gr/​web/​guest/​press/​-/​journal_​content/​56_​INSTANCE_​c6UH/​36615/​1046731 [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
44
Ibid.
 
46
Speech of the President of ND and Prime Minister in the Thessaloniki International Trade Fair, 2013, available at http://​www.​tovima.​gr/​files/​1/​2013/​09/​07/​samaras.​pdf [accessed 30.05.2014] [in Greek].
 
47
Speech of the President of Syriza in the Thessaloniki International Trade Fair, 2013, available at http://​www.​syn.​gr/​gr/​keimeno.​php?​id=​32859 [in Greek] [accessed 14.07.2017].
 
48
In early 2015, the Greek parliament would hold elections for a new president of the Hellenic Republic. Given that the number of MPs of the governing parties was not adequate to ensure the election of their preferred candidate and that Syriza had declared its intention not to vote for any candidate proposed by the governing parties, the most probable outcome would be failure to elect a president and the dissolution of the parliament in order to hold a new election.
 
49
In January 2015, shortly before the elections, Syriza presented a programme with several amendments to the Thessaloniki programme in an effort to make the former more ‘realistic’.
 
50
Speech of the President of Syriza Alexis Tsipras in Athens, available at http://​www.​tanea.​gr/​news/​politics/​article/​5201798/​sthn-plateia-omonoias-h-kentrikh-proeklogikh-omilia-toy-aleksh-tsipra/​ [accessed 30.05.2017] [in Greek].
 
51
This is a reference to the number of suicides in Greece during the crisis period (not the number officially reported by ELSTAT, which is significantly lower), which according to Panos Kammenos were due to the effects of the crisis.
 
52
Speech of President of Anel Panos Kammenos in Athens, available at http://​anexartitoiellin​es.​gr/​post.​php?​post_​id=​5548. [accessed 30.05.2017] [in Greek].
 
53
Speech of the Prime Minister and President of ND, Antonis Samaras, on ND programme, available at http://​nd.​gr/​nea/​paroysiasi-apo-ton-proedro-tis-neas-dimokratias-prothypoyrgo-k-antoni-samara-toy-programmatos [accessed 30.05.2017] [in Greek].
 
54
The preparatory work and the roll-out out of the GMI were characterized as key deliverables according to the Supplemental MoU signed with the country’s creditors in June 2016. Available at https://​ec.​europa.​eu/​info/​sites/​info/​files/​ecfin_​smou_​en.​pdf [accessed 30.6.2017].
 
55
According to Schmidt, coordinating discourse occurs among policy actors (technocrats, epistemic communities, advocacy coalitions, etc.) in the context of deliberations over the formulation of public policy whereas communicative discourse occurs between political actors and the public in the context of debating policies in the political sphere (Schmidt 2008).
 
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Metadata
Title
New Words, Old Patterns: Political Discourse and Documents on Poverty and Social Exclusion in Greece
Authors
Dimitris Katsikas
Anastasia Papakonstantinou
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68798-8_5