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2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

15. Nickelgruppe: Elemente der zehnten Nebengruppe

Author : Hermann Sicius

Published in: Handbuch der chemischen Elemente

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel beschreibt die Vorkommen, Herstellverfahren, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen der Elemente der zehnten Nebengruppe des Periodensystems (Nickel, Palladium, Platin und Darmstadtium) und ihre wichtigen Verbindungen. Nickel wurde 1751 entdeckt, Palladium 1803, und Platin dagegen war zumindest in legierter Form schon in Altägypten bekannt. 1994 konnten die ersten Atome des Darmstadtiums erzeugt werden.
Auch beim Elementenpaar Palladium und Platin erkennt man noch die Auswirkung der Lanthanoidenkontraktion. Die jeweiligen physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser zwei Elemente unterscheiden sich schon deutlich, nicht aber die chemischen. Die Eigenschaften des Nickels weichen aber von denen der zwei „edlen“ Platinmetalle Palladium und Platin deutlich ab, so zeigt Nickel ein negatives Normalpotenzial sowie niedrigere Dichten, Schmelz- und Siedepunkte. Bei Nickel ist die Oxidationsstufe +2 die stabilste, Palladium und Platin treten jeweils mit der Oxidationsstufe +2 und +4 auf.
Palladium und Platin setzt man vielfach in Katalysatoren, auch in solchen zur Reinigung von Autoabgasen, ein. Nickel ist wesentlicher Bestandteil korrosionsfester Stähle.

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Metadata
Title
Nickelgruppe: Elemente der zehnten Nebengruppe
Author
Hermann Sicius
Copyright Year
2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55939-0_15

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