Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Biodiversity and Conservation 10/2021

11-06-2021 | Original Paper

Non-native plants rarely provide suitable habitat for native gall-inducing species

Authors: Robert J. Warren II, Stacey Noezil, Chloe Mokadam

Published in: Biodiversity and Conservation | Issue 10/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

For insect herbivores, a critical niche requirement—possibly the critical niche requirement—is the presence of suitable host plants. Current research suggests that non-native plants are not as suitable as native plants for native herbivores, resulting in decreases in insect abundance and richness on non-native plants. Like herbivores, gall-forming insects engage in complex, species-specific interactions with host plants. Galls are plant tissue tumors (including bulbous or spindle-shaped protrusions on leaves, stems and other plant organs) that are induced by insects through physical or chemical damage (prompting plants to grow a protective tissue shell around the insect eggs and larvae). As such, we hypothesized that gall-inducing insect species richness would be higher on native than non-native plants. We also predicted higher gall-inducing insect species richness on woody than herbaceous plants. We used an extensive literature review in which we compiled gall host plant species by genus, and we assigned native or non-native (or mixed) status to each genus. We found that native plants host far more gall-inducing insect species than non-native plants; woody plants host more gall-inducing species than herbaceous plants; and native woody plants host the most gall-inducing species of all. Gall-inducing species generally are a very cryptic group, even for experts, and hence do not elicit the conservation efforts of more charismatic insects such as plant pollinators. Our results suggest that non-native plants, particularly non-native woody species, diminish suitable habitat for gall-inducing species in parallel with similar results found for other herbivores, such as Lepidopterans. Hence, the landscape-level replacement of native with non-native species, particularly woody ones, degrades taxonomically diverse gall-inducing species (and their inquilines and parasitoids), removing multiple layers of diversity from forest ecosystems.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Agosta SJ (2006) On ecological fitting, plant-insect associations, herbivore host shifts, and host plant selection. Oikos 114:556–565CrossRef Agosta SJ (2006) On ecological fitting, plant-insect associations, herbivore host shifts, and host plant selection. Oikos 114:556–565CrossRef
go back to reference Agrawal AA, Kotanen PM, Mitchell CE, Power AG, Godsoe W, Klironomos JN (2005) Enemy release? An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and below-ground enemies. Ecology 86:2979–2989CrossRef Agrawal AA, Kotanen PM, Mitchell CE, Power AG, Godsoe W, Klironomos JN (2005) Enemy release? An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and below-ground enemies. Ecology 86:2979–2989CrossRef
go back to reference Allison SD, Schultz JC (2005) Biochemical responses of chestnut oak to a galling cynipid. J Chem Ecol 31:151–166PubMedCrossRef Allison SD, Schultz JC (2005) Biochemical responses of chestnut oak to a galling cynipid. J Chem Ecol 31:151–166PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Almeida FVM, Santos JC, Silveira FAO, Fernandes GW (2006) Distribution and frequency of galls induced by Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the invasive plant Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae). Neotrop Entomol 35:435–439PubMedCrossRef Almeida FVM, Santos JC, Silveira FAO, Fernandes GW (2006) Distribution and frequency of galls induced by Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the invasive plant Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae). Neotrop Entomol 35:435–439PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Askew RR, Melika G, Pujade-Villar J, Schönrogge K, Stone GN, Nieves-Aldrey JL (2013) Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in cynipid oak galls in the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 3643:1–133PubMedCrossRef Askew RR, Melika G, Pujade-Villar J, Schönrogge K, Stone GN, Nieves-Aldrey JL (2013) Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in cynipid oak galls in the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 3643:1–133PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ballard M, Hough-Goldstein J, Tallamy D (2013) Arthropod communities on native and nonnative early successional plants. Environ Entomol 42:851–859PubMedCrossRef Ballard M, Hough-Goldstein J, Tallamy D (2013) Arthropod communities on native and nonnative early successional plants. Environ Entomol 42:851–859PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Becerra JX (1997) Insects on plants: macroevolutionary chemical trends in host use. Science 276:253–256PubMedCrossRef Becerra JX (1997) Insects on plants: macroevolutionary chemical trends in host use. Science 276:253–256PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bernays EM, Graham M (1988) On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods. Ecology 69:886–892CrossRef Bernays EM, Graham M (1988) On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods. Ecology 69:886–892CrossRef
go back to reference Bezemer TM, Harvey JA, Cronin JT (2014) Response of native insect communities to invasive plants. Annu Rev Entomol 59:119–141PubMedCrossRef Bezemer TM, Harvey JA, Cronin JT (2014) Response of native insect communities to invasive plants. Annu Rev Entomol 59:119–141PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brändle M, Brandl R (2001) Species richness of insects and mites on trees: expanding Southwood. J Anim Ecol 70:491–504CrossRef Brändle M, Brandl R (2001) Species richness of insects and mites on trees: expanding Southwood. J Anim Ecol 70:491–504CrossRef
go back to reference Burghardt KT, Tallamy DW, Philips DW, Shropshire KJ (2010) Non-native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities. Ecosphere 1:11CrossRef Burghardt KT, Tallamy DW, Philips DW, Shropshire KJ (2010) Non-native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities. Ecosphere 1:11CrossRef
go back to reference Caroll SP, Fox CW (2007) Dissecting the evolutionary impacts of plant invasions: bugs and beetles as native guides. Glob Change Biol 13:1644–1657CrossRef Caroll SP, Fox CW (2007) Dissecting the evolutionary impacts of plant invasions: bugs and beetles as native guides. Glob Change Biol 13:1644–1657CrossRef
go back to reference Cornelissen TG, Negreiros D, Fernandes GW (2002) Plant resistance against gall-forming insects: the role of hypersensitivity. In: Wagner MR, Clancy KM, Lieutier F, Paine TD (eds) Mechanisms and deployment of resistance in trees to insects. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 137–152CrossRef Cornelissen TG, Negreiros D, Fernandes GW (2002) Plant resistance against gall-forming insects: the role of hypersensitivity. In: Wagner MR, Clancy KM, Lieutier F, Paine TD (eds) Mechanisms and deployment of resistance in trees to insects. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 137–152CrossRef
go back to reference Crawley MJ (1983) Herbivory: the dynamic of animal-plant interactions. University of California Press, Berkeley Crawley MJ (1983) Herbivory: the dynamic of animal-plant interactions. University of California Press, Berkeley
go back to reference Csóka G, Stone N, G, Melika G. (2017) Non-native gall-inducing insects on forest trees: a global review. Biol Invas 19:3161–3181CrossRef Csóka G, Stone N, G, Melika G. (2017) Non-native gall-inducing insects on forest trees: a global review. Biol Invas 19:3161–3181CrossRef
go back to reference Doss RP, Oliver JE, Proebsting WM, Potter SW, Kuy S, Clement SL, Williamson RT, Carney JR, DeVilbiss ED (2000) Bruchins: insect-derived plant regulators that stimulate neoplasm formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6218–6223PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Doss RP, Oliver JE, Proebsting WM, Potter SW, Kuy S, Clement SL, Williamson RT, Carney JR, DeVilbiss ED (2000) Bruchins: insect-derived plant regulators that stimulate neoplasm formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6218–6223PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Erhlich PR, Raven PH (1965) Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 19:586–608 Erhlich PR, Raven PH (1965) Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 19:586–608
go back to reference Erwin DM, Schick KN (2007) New Miocene oak galls (Cynipini) and their bearing on the history of cynipid wasps in western North America. J Paleontol 81:568–580CrossRef Erwin DM, Schick KN (2007) New Miocene oak galls (Cynipini) and their bearing on the history of cynipid wasps in western North America. J Paleontol 81:568–580CrossRef
go back to reference Felt EP (1940) Plant galls and gall makers. Comstock Publishing Company Inc, Ithaca Felt EP (1940) Plant galls and gall makers. Comstock Publishing Company Inc, Ithaca
go back to reference Fickenscher JL, Litvaitis JA, Lee TD, Johnson PC (2014) Insect responses to invasive shrubs: implications to managing thicket habitats in the northeastern United States. For Ecol Manag 322:127–135CrossRef Fickenscher JL, Litvaitis JA, Lee TD, Johnson PC (2014) Insect responses to invasive shrubs: implications to managing thicket habitats in the northeastern United States. For Ecol Manag 322:127–135CrossRef
go back to reference Fisher KE, Hellmich RL, Bradbury SP (2020) Estimates of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) utilization by monarch larvae (Danaus plexippus) and the significance of larval movement. J Insect Conserv 24:297–307CrossRef Fisher KE, Hellmich RL, Bradbury SP (2020) Estimates of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) utilization by monarch larvae (Danaus plexippus) and the significance of larval movement. J Insect Conserv 24:297–307CrossRef
go back to reference Glendinning JI (2002) How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet? Entomol Exp Et Applicata 104:15–25CrossRef Glendinning JI (2002) How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet? Entomol Exp Et Applicata 104:15–25CrossRef
go back to reference Hanula JL, Horn S (2011) Removing an exotic shrub from riparian forests increases butterfly abundance and diversity. For Ecol Manag 262:674–680CrossRef Hanula JL, Horn S (2011) Removing an exotic shrub from riparian forests increases butterfly abundance and diversity. For Ecol Manag 262:674–680CrossRef
go back to reference Harris MO, Pitzschke A (2020) Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes. New Phytol 225:1852–1872PubMedCrossRef Harris MO, Pitzschke A (2020) Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes. New Phytol 225:1852–1872PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hawkes CV (2007) Are invaders moving targets? The generality and persistence of advantages in size, reproduction, and enemy release in invasive plant species with time since introduction. Am Nat 170:832–843PubMedCrossRef Hawkes CV (2007) Are invaders moving targets? The generality and persistence of advantages in size, reproduction, and enemy release in invasive plant species with time since introduction. Am Nat 170:832–843PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hejda M, Pyšek P, Jarošík V (2009) Impact of invasive plants on the species richness, diversity and composition of invaded communities. J Ecol 97:393–403CrossRef Hejda M, Pyšek P, Jarošík V (2009) Impact of invasive plants on the species richness, diversity and composition of invaded communities. J Ecol 97:393–403CrossRef
go back to reference Hill R et al (2019) Biocultural approaches to pollinator conservation. Nat Sustain 2:214–222CrossRef Hill R et al (2019) Biocultural approaches to pollinator conservation. Nat Sustain 2:214–222CrossRef
go back to reference Isaias RMS, Carneiro MAA, Fernandes GW (2012) Gall-inducing insects: from anatomy to biodiversity. In: Panizzi AR, Parra JRP (eds) Insect bioecology and nutrition for integrated pest management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 387–414 Isaias RMS, Carneiro MAA, Fernandes GW (2012) Gall-inducing insects: from anatomy to biodiversity. In: Panizzi AR, Parra JRP (eds) Insect bioecology and nutrition for integrated pest management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 387–414
go back to reference Karban R, Agrawal AA (2002) Herbivore offense. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:641–664CrossRef Karban R, Agrawal AA (2002) Herbivore offense. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:641–664CrossRef
go back to reference Keane RM, Crawley MJ (2002) Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends Ecol Evol 17:164–170CrossRef Keane RM, Crawley MJ (2002) Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends Ecol Evol 17:164–170CrossRef
go back to reference Lawton JH, Schroder D (1977) Effects of plant type, size of geographical range and taxonomic isolation on number of insect species associated with British plants. Nature 265:137–140CrossRef Lawton JH, Schroder D (1977) Effects of plant type, size of geographical range and taxonomic isolation on number of insect species associated with British plants. Nature 265:137–140CrossRef
go back to reference Majewska AA, Altizer S (2020) Planting gardens to support insect pollinators. Conserv Biol 34:15–25PubMedCrossRef Majewska AA, Altizer S (2020) Planting gardens to support insect pollinators. Conserv Biol 34:15–25PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McKinney ML (2006) Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biol Conserv 127:247–260CrossRef McKinney ML (2006) Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biol Conserv 127:247–260CrossRef
go back to reference McKinney ML, Lockwood JL (1999) Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol Evol 14:450–453CrossRefPubMed McKinney ML, Lockwood JL (1999) Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol Evol 14:450–453CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Niemiera AX, Holle BV (2009) Invasive plant species and the ornamental horticulture industry. In: Inderjit G (ed) Management of invasive weeds. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 167–187CrossRef Niemiera AX, Holle BV (2009) Invasive plant species and the ornamental horticulture industry. In: Inderjit G (ed) Management of invasive weeds. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 167–187CrossRef
go back to reference Novotny V, Drozd P, Miller SE, Kulfan M, Janda M, Basset Y, Wieblen GD (2006) Why are there so many species of herbivorous insects in the tropical rainforests? Science 313:1115–1118PubMedCrossRef Novotny V, Drozd P, Miller SE, Kulfan M, Janda M, Basset Y, Wieblen GD (2006) Why are there so many species of herbivorous insects in the tropical rainforests? Science 313:1115–1118PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol Evol 25:345–353CrossRefPubMed Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol Evol 25:345–353CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pulliam HR (2000) On the relationship between niche and distribution. Ecol Lett 3:349–361CrossRef Pulliam HR (2000) On the relationship between niche and distribution. Ecol Lett 3:349–361CrossRef
go back to reference Reichard SH, White P (2001) Horticulture as a pathway of invasive plant introductions in the United States. Bioscience 51:103–113CrossRef Reichard SH, White P (2001) Horticulture as a pathway of invasive plant introductions in the United States. Bioscience 51:103–113CrossRef
go back to reference Southwood TRE (1961) The number of species of insect associated with various trees. J Anim Ecol 30:1–8CrossRef Southwood TRE (1961) The number of species of insect associated with various trees. J Anim Ecol 30:1–8CrossRef
go back to reference Stone GN, Hernandez-Lopez A, Nicholls JA, Pierro ED, Pujade-Villar J, Melika G, Cook JM (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution 63:854–869PubMedCrossRef Stone GN, Hernandez-Lopez A, Nicholls JA, Pierro ED, Pujade-Villar J, Melika G, Cook JM (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution 63:854–869PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stone GN, Schönrogge K (2003) The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology. Trends Ecol Evol 18:512–522CrossRef Stone GN, Schönrogge K (2003) The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology. Trends Ecol Evol 18:512–522CrossRef
go back to reference Strong DR, Levin DA (1979) Species richness of plant parasites and growth form of their hosts. Am Nat 114:1–22CrossRef Strong DR, Levin DA (1979) Species richness of plant parasites and growth form of their hosts. Am Nat 114:1–22CrossRef
go back to reference Tallamy DW, Shropshire KJ (2009) Ranking Lepidopteran use of native versus introduced plants. Conserv Biol 23:941–947PubMedCrossRef Tallamy DW, Shropshire KJ (2009) Ranking Lepidopteran use of native versus introduced plants. Conserv Biol 23:941–947PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Thrall PH, Laine AL, Ravensdale M, Nemri A, Dodds PN, Barrett LG, Burdon JJ (2012) Rapid genetic change underpins antagonistic coevolution in a natural host-pathogen metapopulation. Ecol Lett 15:425–435PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Thrall PH, Laine AL, Ravensdale M, Nemri A, Dodds PN, Barrett LG, Burdon JJ (2012) Rapid genetic change underpins antagonistic coevolution in a natural host-pathogen metapopulation. Ecol Lett 15:425–435PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Tooker JF, Rohr JR, Abrahamson WG, Moraes CMD (2008) Gall insects can avoid and alter indirect plant defenses. New Phytol 178:657–671PubMedCrossRef Tooker JF, Rohr JR, Abrahamson WG, Moraes CMD (2008) Gall insects can avoid and alter indirect plant defenses. New Phytol 178:657–671PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Warren RJ II, Giladi I, Bradford MA (2014) Competition as a mechanism structuring mutualisms. J Ecol 102:486–495CrossRef Warren RJ II, Giladi I, Bradford MA (2014) Competition as a mechanism structuring mutualisms. J Ecol 102:486–495CrossRef
go back to reference Wiens JJ (2011) The niche, biogeography and species interactions. Proc R Soc Lond 366:2336–2350 Wiens JJ (2011) The niche, biogeography and species interactions. Proc R Soc Lond 366:2336–2350
go back to reference Zangerl AR, Berenbaum M (2005) Increase in toxicity of an invasive weed after reassociation with its coevolved herbivore. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:15529–15532PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zangerl AR, Berenbaum M (2005) Increase in toxicity of an invasive weed after reassociation with its coevolved herbivore. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:15529–15532PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Non-native plants rarely provide suitable habitat for native gall-inducing species
Authors
Robert J. Warren II
Stacey Noezil
Chloe Mokadam
Publication date
11-06-2021
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Biodiversity and Conservation / Issue 10/2021
Print ISSN: 0960-3115
Electronic ISSN: 1572-9710
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02222-7

Other articles of this Issue 10/2021

Biodiversity and Conservation 10/2021 Go to the issue