Numerical simulation of the efficiency of free and forced mixing of liquid metal in a CCM mold

The article delves into the numerical simulation of liquid metal mixing efficiency in continuous casting molds, highlighting the advancements in both free and forced mixing techniques. By employing mathematical modeling and numerical methods, the authors investigate the flow and temperature distribution of liquid metal in a rectangular mold. The study compares the effectiveness of different nozzle designs, including eccentric and symmetrical output ports, and examines the impact of forced rotation on mixing intensity. The results provide practical insights for engineers to optimize submerged nozzle designs and improve the quality of continuously cast ingots. The article also discusses the challenges and potential improvements in the design and modeling of these processes, emphasizing the need for further research in this field.