On the Driving Forces of Magnetically Induced Martensitic Transformation in Directionally Solidified Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-In Meta-Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy with Structural Anisotropy

The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) provides the driving forces to obtain large magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) by rearranging the martensitic variants. However, to date, no significant MAE was observed in the new class of Ni-Mn-Z (Z = In, Sn, Sb) metamagnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs). Here, we report a significant magnetic anisotropy in Ni₄₈Mn₃₅In₁₇ Heusler alloy with a [110]_A fiber texture prepared by the directional solidification. In this case, when the applied magnetic field is along the [110]_A direction, a larger magnetization change is obtained compared with that of the randomly oriented samples, which increases the driving forces for the magnetically induced martensitic transformation (MIMT). In contrast, along the [110]_A direction, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is enhanced by 60 pct, the MFIS is improved by 20 pct, and the critical field for the MFIS is reduced by 0.5 T. Such a peculiar magnetic behavior could be well explained by a proposed model on the viewpoint of the transformation of ferromagnetic austenite phase. Furthermore, considering the thermodynamics aspects, we demonstrate that two main magnetic energies of the Zeeman energy and the MAE in the MSMAs assist each other to promote the MIMT, instead of opposing each other in the FSMAs. This discovery of the strong magnetic anisotropy in highly textured polycrystals provides a feasible route to enhance the MIMT, and new insights to design and prepare the Ni-Mn-based Heusler alloys for practical applications.