2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
On the Impossibility of Cryptography with Tamperable Randomness
Authors : Per Austrin, Kai-Min Chung, Mohammad Mahmoody, Rafael Pass, Karn Seth
Published in: Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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We initiate a study of the security of cryptographic primitives in the presence of efficient tampering attacks to the randomness of honest parties. More precisely, we consider
p
-tampering attackers that may
efficiently
tamper with each bit of the honest parties’ random tape with probability
p
, but have to do so in an “online” fashion. Our main result is a strong negative result: We show that any secure encryption scheme, bit commitment scheme, or zero-knowledge protocol can be “broken” with probability
p
by a
p
-tampering attacker.The core of this result is a new Fourier analytic technique for biasing the output of bounded-value functions, which may be of independent interest.
We also show that this result cannot be extended to primitives such as signature schemes and identification protocols: assuming the existence of one-way functions, such primitives can be made resilient to (1/poly(
n
))-tampering attacks where
n
is the security parameter.