Skip to main content
Top

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Operational Amplifier RC Low-Pass Filter

Authors : Heimo Uhrmann, Robert Kolm, Horst Zimmermann

Published in: Analog Filters in Nanometer CMOS

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Several applications pose challenges for wireless receivers due to close blockers in the frequency spectrum. This requires amplifiers and filters with a high linearity. Due to the challenges of the nanometer hell of physics concerning design of operational amplifiers, new circuit architectures will be investigated. In fact, it will turn out that the low supply voltage of nanometer CMOS circuits is the most limiting factor to achieve a good linearity and a large dynamic range. A high-voltage operational amplifier finally will show the best performance in a filter-mixer combination. In addition, 1/f noise will turn out to reduce the choice of usable mixer topologies considerably.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference A.A. Abidi, Direct-conversion radio transceivers for digital communications. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 30(12), 1399–1410 (1995) CrossRef A.A. Abidi, Direct-conversion radio transceivers for digital communications. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 30(12), 1399–1410 (1995) CrossRef
2.
go back to reference H.F. Achigui, C.J.B. Fayomi, M. Sawan, 1-V DTMOS-based class-AB operational amplifier: implementation and experimental results. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(11), 2440–2448 (2006) CrossRef H.F. Achigui, C.J.B. Fayomi, M. Sawan, 1-V DTMOS-based class-AB operational amplifier: implementation and experimental results. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(11), 2440–2448 (2006) CrossRef
8.
go back to reference R. Bestak, Evolution of mobile networks, in International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (2008), pp. 29–32 R. Bestak, Evolution of mobile networks, in International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (2008), pp. 29–32
10.
go back to reference J.M. Carrillo, G. Torelli, R. Perez-Aloe, J.F. Duque-Carrillo, 1-V rail-to-rail CMOS OpAmp with improved bulk-driven input stage. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 42(3), 508–517 (2007) CrossRef J.M. Carrillo, G. Torelli, R. Perez-Aloe, J.F. Duque-Carrillo, 1-V rail-to-rail CMOS OpAmp with improved bulk-driven input stage. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 42(3), 508–517 (2007) CrossRef
15.
go back to reference C.-L. Chen, Y.-C. Chang, Self-biased cross-coupled low-cost fully-differential CMOS operational amplifier. Electron. Lett. 41(9), 512–514 (2005) MathSciNetCrossRef C.-L. Chen, Y.-C. Chang, Self-biased cross-coupled low-cost fully-differential CMOS operational amplifier. Electron. Lett. 41(9), 512–514 (2005) MathSciNetCrossRef
19.
go back to reference S. D’Amico, V. Giannini, A. Baschirotto, A 4th-order active-Gm-RC reconfigurable (UMTS/WLAN) filter. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(7), 1630–1637 (2006) CrossRef S. D’Amico, V. Giannini, A. Baschirotto, A 4th-order active-Gm-RC reconfigurable (UMTS/WLAN) filter. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(7), 1630–1637 (2006) CrossRef
20.
go back to reference S. D’Amico, M. Conta, A. Baschirotto, A 4.1 mW 10 MHz fourth-order source-follower-based continuous-time filter with 79 dB DR. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(12), 2713–2719 (2006) CrossRef S. D’Amico, M. Conta, A. Baschirotto, A 4.1 mW 10 MHz fourth-order source-follower-based continuous-time filter with 79 dB DR. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(12), 2713–2719 (2006) CrossRef
21.
go back to reference M. De Matteis, S. D’Amico, V. Giannini, A. Baschirotto, A 550 mV 8 dBm IIP3 4th order analog base band filter for WLAN receivers, in Proc. European Solid-State Circuits Conference (2007), pp. 504–507 M. De Matteis, S. D’Amico, V. Giannini, A. Baschirotto, A 550 mV 8 dBm IIP3 4th order analog base band filter for WLAN receivers, in Proc. European Solid-State Circuits Conference (2007), pp. 504–507
22.
go back to reference M. De Matteis, S. D’Amico, P. Andriulo, G. Cocciolo, A. Baschirotto, A 4th-order CMOS 65 nm wideband low-power analog filter for wireless receivers, in IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (2009), pp. 191–194 M. De Matteis, S. D’Amico, P. Andriulo, G. Cocciolo, A. Baschirotto, A 4th-order CMOS 65 nm wideband low-power analog filter for wireless receivers, in IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (2009), pp. 191–194
23.
go back to reference S.C. dela Cruz, M.-G.T. delos Reyes, T.C. Gaffud, T.V. Abaya, M.T.A. Gusad, M.D. Rosales, Design and implementation of operational amplifiers with programmable characteristics in a 90 nm CMOS process, in European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (2009), pp. 209–212 CrossRef S.C. dela Cruz, M.-G.T. delos Reyes, T.C. Gaffud, T.V. Abaya, M.T.A. Gusad, M.D. Rosales, Design and implementation of operational amplifiers with programmable characteristics in a 90 nm CMOS process, in European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (2009), pp. 209–212 CrossRef
27.
go back to reference J.-A. Diaz-Madrid, H. Neubauer, G. Domenech-Asensi, R. Ruiz, Comparative analysis of two operational amplifier topologies for a 40 MS/s 12-bit pipelined ADC in 0.35 μm CMOS, in IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuit Design and Technology and Tutorial (2008), pp. 121–124 CrossRef J.-A. Diaz-Madrid, H. Neubauer, G. Domenech-Asensi, R. Ruiz, Comparative analysis of two operational amplifier topologies for a 40 MS/s 12-bit pipelined ADC in 0.35 μm CMOS, in IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuit Design and Technology and Tutorial (2008), pp. 121–124 CrossRef
30.
go back to reference M. Elmala, B. Carlton, R. Bishop, K. Soumyanath, A highly linear filter and VGA chain with novel DC-offset correction in 90 nm digital CMOS process, in Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers (2005), pp. 302–303 M. Elmala, B. Carlton, R. Bishop, K. Soumyanath, A highly linear filter and VGA chain with novel DC-offset correction in 90 nm digital CMOS process, in Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers (2005), pp. 302–303
32.
go back to reference M.M. Farhad, S. Mirzakuchaki, A second-order Gm-C continuous time tilter in mobile radio receiver architecture. Int. Conf. Educ. Technol. Comput. 5, V5-170–V5-173 (2010) M.M. Farhad, S. Mirzakuchaki, A second-order Gm-C continuous time tilter in mobile radio receiver architecture. Int. Conf. Educ. Technol. Comput. 5, V5-170–V5-173 (2010)
34.
go back to reference D. Gangopadhyay, T.K. Bhattacharyya, A 2.3 GHz gm-boosted high swing class-ab ultra-wide bandwidth operational amplifier in 0.18 μm CMOS, in IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2010), pp. 713–716 D. Gangopadhyay, T.K. Bhattacharyya, A 2.3 GHz gm-boosted high swing class-ab ultra-wide bandwidth operational amplifier in 0.18 μm CMOS, in IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2010), pp. 713–716
35.
go back to reference N. Ghittori, A. Vigna, P. Malcovati, S. D’Amico, A. Baschirotto, 1.2 V low-power multi-mode DAC+filter blocks for reconfigurable (WLAN/UMTS, WLAN/bluetooth) transmitters. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(9), 1970–1982 (2006) CrossRef N. Ghittori, A. Vigna, P. Malcovati, S. D’Amico, A. Baschirotto, 1.2 V low-power multi-mode DAC+filter blocks for reconfigurable (WLAN/UMTS, WLAN/bluetooth) transmitters. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 41(9), 1970–1982 (2006) CrossRef
39.
go back to reference P.R. Gray, P.J. Hurst, S.H. Lewis, R.G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits (Wiley, New York, 2001) P.R. Gray, P.J. Hurst, S.H. Lewis, R.G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits (Wiley, New York, 2001)
42.
go back to reference J. Harrison, N. Weste, 350 MHz opamp-RC filter in 0.18 μm CMOS. Electron. Lett. 38(6), 259–260 (2002) CrossRef J. Harrison, N. Weste, 350 MHz opamp-RC filter in 0.18 μm CMOS. Electron. Lett. 38(6), 259–260 (2002) CrossRef
44.
go back to reference B. Hernes, T. Sæther, Design Criteria for Low Distortion in Feedback Opamp Circuits (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2003) B. Hernes, T. Sæther, Design Criteria for Low Distortion in Feedback Opamp Circuits (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2003)
45.
go back to reference B. Hernes, W. Sansen, Distortion in single-, two- and three-stage amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Regul. Pap. 52(5), 846–856 (2005) CrossRef B. Hernes, W. Sansen, Distortion in single-, two- and three-stage amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Regul. Pap. 52(5), 846–856 (2005) CrossRef
46.
go back to reference F.N. Hooge, 1/f noise sources. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 41(11), 1926–1935 (1994) CrossRef F.N. Hooge, 1/f noise sources. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 41(11), 1926–1935 (1994) CrossRef
52.
go back to reference V.V. Ivanov, I.M. Filanovsky, Operational Amplifier Speed and Improvement (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2004) V.V. Ivanov, I.M. Filanovsky, Operational Amplifier Speed and Improvement (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2004)
55.
go back to reference J. Koh, J.-E. Lee, C.-D. Suh, H.-T. Kim, A 1/f-noise reduction architecture for an operational amplifier in a 0.13 μm standard digital CMOS technology, in IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (2006), pp. 179–182 J. Koh, J.-E. Lee, C.-D. Suh, H.-T. Kim, A 1/f-noise reduction architecture for an operational amplifier in a 0.13 μm standard digital CMOS technology, in IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (2006), pp. 179–182
64.
go back to reference M. Kornfeld, G. May, DVB-H and IP datacast—broadcast to handheld devices. IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 53(1), 161–170 (2007) CrossRef M. Kornfeld, G. May, DVB-H and IP datacast—broadcast to handheld devices. IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 53(1), 161–170 (2007) CrossRef
73.
go back to reference Z. Li, J. Ma, M. Yu, Y. Ye, Low-noise operational amplifier design with current driving bulk in 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Int. Conf. ASIC 2, 630–634 (2005) Z. Li, J. Ma, M. Yu, Y. Ye, Low-noise operational amplifier design with current driving bulk in 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Int. Conf. ASIC 2, 630–634 (2005)
74.
go back to reference W. Li, L. Xia, Y. Huang, Z. Hong, A 0.13 μm CMOS UWB receiver front-end using passive mixer, in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 288–291 W. Li, L. Xia, Y. Huang, Z. Hong, A 0.13 μm CMOS UWB receiver front-end using passive mixer, in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 288–291
75.
go back to reference B. Lipka, U. Kleine, Design of a cascoded operational amplifier with high gain, in Proc. Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2007), pp. 260–261 B. Lipka, U. Kleine, Design of a cascoded operational amplifier with high gain, in Proc. Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2007), pp. 260–261
76.
go back to reference T.-Y. Lo, C.-C. Hung, M. Ismail, A wide tuning range Gm-C filter for multi-mode CMOS direct-conversion wireless receivers. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 44(9), 2515–2524 (2009) CrossRef T.-Y. Lo, C.-C. Hung, M. Ismail, A wide tuning range Gm-C filter for multi-mode CMOS direct-conversion wireless receivers. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 44(9), 2515–2524 (2009) CrossRef
78.
go back to reference H. Maarefi, A. Parsa, H. Hatamkhani, D. Shiri, A wide swing 1.5 V fully differential opamp using a rail-to-rail analog CMFB circuit. Midwest Symp. Circuits Syst. 1, 105–108 (2002) H. Maarefi, A. Parsa, H. Hatamkhani, D. Shiri, A wide swing 1.5 V fully differential opamp using a rail-to-rail analog CMFB circuit. Midwest Symp. Circuits Syst. 1, 105–108 (2002)
83.
go back to reference Motorola, Inc. Long Term Evolution (LTE) (2007). White Paper Motorola, Inc. Long Term Evolution (LTE) (2007). White Paper
87.
go back to reference G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, Design methodology and advances in nested-Miller compensation. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam. Theory Appl. 49(7), 893–903 (2002) CrossRef G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, Design methodology and advances in nested-Miller compensation. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam. Theory Appl. 49(7), 893–903 (2002) CrossRef
88.
go back to reference Z. Pan, P. Jiang, L. Zhang, C. Mao, Low flicker noise and high linearity passive mixer in 0.18 μm CMOS for direct conversion receiver, in Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (2009), pp. 21–24 CrossRef Z. Pan, P. Jiang, L. Zhang, C. Mao, Low flicker noise and high linearity passive mixer in 0.18 μm CMOS for direct conversion receiver, in Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (2009), pp. 21–24 CrossRef
91.
go back to reference V.Y. Potanin, E.E. Potanina, High-voltage-tolerant power supply in a low-voltage CMOS technology. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. Proc. 1, 393–396 (2004) V.Y. Potanin, E.E. Potanina, High-voltage-tolerant power supply in a low-voltage CMOS technology. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. Proc. 1, 393–396 (2004)
93.
go back to reference J. Rapeli, UMTS—a path to 3rd generation mobile communications of the 21st century, in IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications (1996), pp. 58– 67 J. Rapeli, UMTS—a path to 3rd generation mobile communications of the 21st century, in IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications (1996), pp. 58– 67
104.
go back to reference W.M.C. Sansen, Analog Design Essentials (Springer, Dordrecht, 2006) W.M.C. Sansen, Analog Design Essentials (Springer, Dordrecht, 2006)
105.
go back to reference F. Schlögl, H. Zimmermann, Opamp with 106 dB DC gain in 120 nm digital CMOS, in European Solid-State Circuits Conference (2003), pp. 381–384 F. Schlögl, H. Zimmermann, Opamp with 106 dB DC gain in 120 nm digital CMOS, in European Solid-State Circuits Conference (2003), pp. 381–384
106.
go back to reference F. Schlögl, H. Zimmermann, 1.5 GHz OPAMP in 120 nm digital CMOS, in European Solid-State Circuits Conference (2004), pp. 239–242 CrossRef F. Schlögl, H. Zimmermann, 1.5 GHz OPAMP in 120 nm digital CMOS, in European Solid-State Circuits Conference (2004), pp. 239–242 CrossRef
107.
go back to reference F. Schlögl, H. Dietrich, H. Zimmermann, 120 nm CMOS operational amplifier with high gain down to ±0.3 V supply, in IEEE International Systems-on-Chip Conference (2003), pp. 121–124 CrossRef F. Schlögl, H. Dietrich, H. Zimmermann, 120 nm CMOS operational amplifier with high gain down to ±0.3 V supply, in IEEE International Systems-on-Chip Conference (2003), pp. 121–124 CrossRef
108.
go back to reference F. Schlögl, H. Dietrich, H. Zimmermann, High-gain high-speed operational amplifier in digital 120 nm CMOS, in IEEE International SOC Conference (2004), pp. 316–319 F. Schlögl, H. Dietrich, H. Zimmermann, High-gain high-speed operational amplifier in digital 120 nm CMOS, in IEEE International SOC Conference (2004), pp. 316–319
109.
go back to reference B. Shem-Tov, M. Kozak, E.G. Friedman, A high-speed CMOS opamp design technique using negative Miller capacitance, in IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (2004), pp. 623–626 B. Shem-Tov, M. Kozak, E.G. Friedman, A high-speed CMOS opamp design technique using negative Miller capacitance, in IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (2004), pp. 623–626
110.
go back to reference M.-H. Shen, Y.-S. Wu, G.-H. Ke, P.-C. Huang, A 0.7 V CMOS operational transconductance amplifier with bulk-driven technique, in International SoC Design Conference (2010), pp. 392–395 M.-H. Shen, Y.-S. Wu, G.-H. Ke, P.-C. Huang, A 0.7 V CMOS operational transconductance amplifier with bulk-driven technique, in International SoC Design Conference (2010), pp. 392–395
113.
go back to reference G.P. Singh, R.B. Salem, High-voltage-tolerant power I/0 buffers with low-voltage CMOS process. IEEE J. Solid-States Circuits 34(11), 1512–1525 (1999) CrossRef G.P. Singh, R.B. Salem, High-voltage-tolerant power I/0 buffers with low-voltage CMOS process. IEEE J. Solid-States Circuits 34(11), 1512–1525 (1999) CrossRef
117.
go back to reference U. Tieze, C. Schenk, Halbleiter Schaltungstechnik (Springer, Berlin, 2002) U. Tieze, C. Schenk, Halbleiter Schaltungstechnik (Springer, Berlin, 2002)
127.
go back to reference H. Uhrmann, H. Zimmermann, A fully differential operational amplifier for a low-pass filter in a DVB-H receiver, in Proc. Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2009), pp. 197–200 H. Uhrmann, H. Zimmermann, A fully differential operational amplifier for a low-pass filter in a DVB-H receiver, in Proc. Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2009), pp. 197–200
128.
go back to reference H. Uhrmann, H. Zimmermann, A first-order operational amplifier RC low-pass filter for DVB-H, in Proc. Austrochip (2010), pp. 182–185 H. Uhrmann, H. Zimmermann, A first-order operational amplifier RC low-pass filter for DVB-H, in Proc. Austrochip (2010), pp. 182–185
129.
go back to reference H. Uhrmann, F. Schlögl, K. Schweiger, H. Zimmermann, A 1 GHz-GBW operational amplifier for DVB-H receivers in 65 nm CMOS, in Proc. International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (2009), pp. 182–185 H. Uhrmann, F. Schlögl, K. Schweiger, H. Zimmermann, A 1 GHz-GBW operational amplifier for DVB-H receivers in 65 nm CMOS, in Proc. International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (2009), pp. 182–185
130.
go back to reference H. Uhrmann, L. Dörrer, F. Kuttner, K. Schweiger, H. Zimmermann, A mixer-filter combination of a direct conversion receiver for DVB-H applications in 65 nm CMOS, in Proc. Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (2010), pp. 209–212 CrossRef H. Uhrmann, L. Dörrer, F. Kuttner, K. Schweiger, H. Zimmermann, A mixer-filter combination of a direct conversion receiver for DVB-H applications in 65 nm CMOS, in Proc. Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (2010), pp. 209–212 CrossRef
133.
go back to reference V.C. Vincence, C. Galup-Montoro, M.C. Schneider, Low-voltage class AB operational amplifier, in Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (2001), pp. 207–211 CrossRef V.C. Vincence, C. Galup-Montoro, M.C. Schneider, Low-voltage class AB operational amplifier, in Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (2001), pp. 207–211 CrossRef
139.
go back to reference Z. Wu, F. Rui, Z. Zhi-Yong, C. Wei-Dong, Design of a rail-to-rail constant-gm CMOS operational amplifier. World Congress Comput. Sci. Inf. Eng. 6, 198–201 (2009) Z. Wu, F. Rui, Z. Zhi-Yong, C. Wei-Dong, Design of a rail-to-rail constant-gm CMOS operational amplifier. World Congress Comput. Sci. Inf. Eng. 6, 198–201 (2009)
140.
go back to reference W. Yan, H. Zimmermann, A 120 nm CMOS fully differential rail-to-rail I/O opamp with highly constant signal behavior, in IEEE International SOC Conference (2006), pp. 3–6 W. Yan, H. Zimmermann, A 120 nm CMOS fully differential rail-to-rail I/O opamp with highly constant signal behavior, in IEEE International SOC Conference (2006), pp. 3–6
141.
go back to reference W. Yan, H. Zimmermann, Speed enhancement and linearity analysis for a rail-to-rail input opamp in 120 nm CMOS, in Proc. Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2007), pp. 344–348 W. Yan, H. Zimmermann, Speed enhancement and linearity analysis for a rail-to-rail input opamp in 120 nm CMOS, in Proc. Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (2007), pp. 344–348
142.
go back to reference W. Yan, R. Kolm, H. Zimmermann, A low-voltage low-power fully differential rail-to-rail input/output opamp in 65 nm CMOS, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 2274–2277 W. Yan, R. Kolm, H. Zimmermann, A low-voltage low-power fully differential rail-to-rail input/output opamp in 65 nm CMOS, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 2274–2277
143.
go back to reference W. Yan, R. Kolm, H. Zimmermann, Efficient four-stage frequency compensation for low-voltage amplifiers, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 2278–2281 W. Yan, R. Kolm, H. Zimmermann, Efficient four-stage frequency compensation for low-voltage amplifiers, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 2278–2281
145.
go back to reference U. Yodprasit, C.C. Enz, A 1.5 V 75 dB dynamic range third-order Gm-C filter integrated in a 0.18 μm standard digital CMOS process. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 38(7), 1189–1197 (2003) U. Yodprasit, C.C. Enz, A 1.5 V 75 dB dynamic range third-order Gm-C filter integrated in a 0.18 μm standard digital CMOS process. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 38(7), 1189–1197 (2003)
Metadata
Title
Operational Amplifier RC Low-Pass Filter
Authors
Heimo Uhrmann
Robert Kolm
Horst Zimmermann
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38013-6_7