Optimal planning of HV/MV substation locations and sizes considering battery energy storage systems for peak shaving

In light of recent advancements in energy storage technology, this paper introduces a sophisticated approach to planning the locations and sizes of HV/MV substations, utilizing battery energy storage systems (BESS) to optimize peak load management. Traditional substation planning, reliant on peak load forecasts, often results in substantial investment requirements, elevated operational risks, and diminished efficiency in asset utilization. To counter these issues, the proposed method integrates BESS, aiming to reduce not only the capital and operational expenditures associated with new substations and transmission lines but also the costs associated with implementing BESS for effective peak shaving. The methodology employs a combination of heuristic techniques and an advanced weighted Voronoi diagram to establish the most effective locations and capacities for substations, alongside optimal sites and sizing for BESS installations. This innovative planning tool is designed to enhance grid reliability and cost-efficiency by balancing energy supply with demand fluctuations more effectively. Furthermore, it provides a detailed operational schedule for the BESS, optimizing the charge and discharge cycles according to varying load levels, thereby maximizing the system's operational efficiency. A comprehensive case study illustrates the practical benefits of this approach. When compared to conventional methods, the proposed strategy significantly reduces both the capital investment and operational risks, while simultaneously improving utilization efficiency. The findings demonstrate the potential of integrating BESS in substation planning to facilitate a more resilient and efficient power grid, positioning this method as a forward-thinking solution in modern energy management.