15. Optimising Transit Networks Using Simulation-Based Techniques

Public transport systems play a critical role in improving mobility and access to opportunities, which is crucial for the socio-economic growth and well-being of any society. A key component of the system is the actual transit network, which usually consists of interconnected nodes and links that enable people to access the system and to travel to their chosen destinations in a smooth and efficient manner. This chapter focuses on the transit network design problem (TNDP), which deals with finding efficient network routes among a set of alternatives that best satisfies the conflicting objectives of different network stakeholders including passengers and operators. The goal of solving this problem is to improve the operational efficiency of a network, thereby reducing costs incurred by the service operator and minimising commuting costs for the commuter. A general description of the problem investigated in this chapter is given, exploring key aspects of the problem and trends in the discipline over time. This is followed by a discussion of the evolution of TNDP solution techniques, namely older mathematical solutions, a more recent meta-heuristics solution framework as well as simulation-based solutions that seem to be gaining traction currently. The chapter rounds off with a look at the future of the problem against technological advancements in transportation and significant structural changes that are likely to occur going forward.