Optimization of Sub-6 GHz Multi-band Antenna for Offshore Communication and IoT Application

This study introduces a compact microstrip patch antenna optimized for multi-band operation. The antenna is designed with a particular focus to cover crucial frequency bands, including LoRa, LTE, and Sub-6 5G, to meet diverse communication requirements. Cost-effective FR-4 material has been used to design the antenna, and the antenna’s dimensions are minimized to 49 × 57 mm², ensuring accessibility without compromising performance. This study also presents a data visualization-based optimization technique through which the antenna achieved a peak gain of 4.2 dBi, showcasing superior signal reception capabilities. The antenna’s versatility makes the proposed antenna suitable for critical applications such as offshore communication, navigation systems, and IoT operations, where reliable and efficient connectivity is of utmost importance.