Optimizing Efficiency and Security in IoT Data Streaming: A Novel Three-Layer Architecture

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to an unprecedented volume of data, necessitating efficient and secure data streaming solutions. Traditional cloud computing, while powerful, often falls short in real-time processing due to latency issues. This chapter delves into the emerging paradigms of fog and edge computing, which offer localized data processing to mitigate these challenges. The proposed three-layer architecture integrates IoT, cloud, fog, and edge computing to create a robust framework for real-time data monitoring, collection, and decision-making. This architecture is particularly relevant for smart city applications, such as intelligent transportation, smart parking, and healthcare, where timely responses are crucial. The chapter provides a thorough review of recent related works, comparing various three-layer computing architectures and their applications. It introduces a novel architecture that enhances efficiency by distributing tasks across edge, fog, and cloud layers, ensuring scalability and security. A case study on smart city traffic management illustrates the practical implementation and benefits of this architecture, demonstrating significant improvements in traffic flow, congestion reduction, and safety. The chapter concludes by discussing future research directions, including the integration of emerging technologies like 5G and advanced security mechanisms, to further enhance the performance and sustainability of IoT systems.