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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Optimizing heat treatment for enhanced pH sensing in gallium oxide nanorod arrays

  • 01-12-2025
Published in:
Authors
Alaa Omar Balkhtb
Naif H. Al-Hardan
Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid
Lim Kar Keng
Azman Jalar
Published in
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics | Issue 35/2025

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Abstract

This study delves into the optimization of heat treatment for enhancing pH sensing in gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nanorod arrays. The research focuses on the synthesis of α-Ga₂O₃ nanorods using hydrothermal methods and the subsequent impact of post-annealing on their structure and sensing performance. Key findings include the achievement of near-Nernstian sensitivity (~59 mV/pH) and low hysteresis, particularly when annealed at 450°C. The study also explores the influence of annealing temperature on crystallinity, defect density, and charge transfer efficiency. Additionally, the research compares the pH sensitivity of Ga₂O₃ with other metal-oxide-based sensors, highlighting its superior performance. The results offer crucial guidance for the rational design of Ga₂O₃-based ion-sensing devices for advanced electrochemical applications.
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Title
Optimizing heat treatment for enhanced pH sensing in gallium oxide nanorod arrays
Authors
Alaa Omar Balkhtb
Naif H. Al-Hardan
Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid
Lim Kar Keng
Azman Jalar
Publication date
01-12-2025
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics / Issue 35/2025
Print ISSN: 0957-4522
Electronic ISSN: 1573-482X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-025-16296-4
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