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2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Other Food Policies as Obesity Policy

Authors : Julian M. Alston, Abigail M. Okrent

Published in: The Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan US

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Abstract

Other food policies have also been implicated in the obesity epidemic. Our findings are generally negative regarding both the contributions of USDA’s food and nutrition programs (FANPs) to obesity and the potential for modifying them effectively and economically to reduce obesity. Some say strengthening the role of the US government in regulation of food labeling (the nutrition facts panel, other requirements for specific types of labels on the front or back of packages, and calorie postings at restaurants) and marketing to children will help fight obesity. Changes to current food labeling practices that are underway in the United States have potential to help some consumers to make more healthful food choices, but it is left to the food industry to self-regulate food marketing to children, and changes here have been largely ineffective. “Nudges” have been shown to complement the effectiveness of some existing policies.

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previous chapter Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies as Obesity Policy
next chapter Summary and Synthesis
Footnotes
1
While SNAP, WIC, SBP, and NSLP are the largest and most widely available FANPs, other FANPs are important for different subsets of the population. For example, in 2014, the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) served about 3.35 billion meals a year to children in day care, and 71.0 million meals a year to adults, while the SBP served about 13.6 million children and the NSLP, 30.5 million (see, e.g., http://​www.​fns.​usda.​gov/​pd/​child-nutrition-tables).
 
2
USDA commodity program outlay data are available at the USDA FY 2016 Budget Summary and Annual Performance Plan, available at: http://​www.​obpa.​usda.​gov/​budsum/​FY12budsum.​pdf. FANP data are available at: http://​www.​fns.​usda.​gov/​pd/​annual.​htm.
 
3
These include Currie (2003), Fox et al. (2004a,b), Ver Ploeg et al. (2007), Alston et al. (2008), and Oliveira and Frazão (2009). Ver Ploeg (2011), Meyerhofer and Yang (2011), and Alston (2012) reviewed and synthesized the results of these reviews and other work before 2011. Hoynes and Schanzenbach (2016), reviewed the long history and summarized and synthesized the econometric evidence on consequences, including many studies conducted in the past few years. See also US Government, Executive Office of the President of the United States (2015).
 
4
For example, Gibson (2003, 2006), Chen et al. (2005), Baum (2007, 2011), and Meyerhoefer and Pylypchuk (2008) all find a positive association for women and girls but not for men and boys.
 
5
Parks (2011) and MacEwan et al. (2016) reviewed, assessed, and interpreted much of the relevant work on this topic. See also Gundersen (2015), Hoynes and Schanzenbach (2016), and Hoynes et al. (2016).
 
6
See Gibson (2003, 2006, 2011), Guthrie et al. (2007), Meyerhoefer and Pylypchuk (2008), Alston et al. (2009a), Fan (2010), and Brownell and Ludwig (2011).
 
7
The complete list of proposed nutrition standards is available at: http://​www.​fns.​usda.​gov/​cnd/​governance/​regulations/​2011-01-13.​pdf.
 
8
Liu et al. (2014b) also mentioned 100-calorie packs as a pre-commitment strategy but warned that those actively trying to lose weight often eat a larger number of packages and end up consuming more calories.
 
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Metadata
Title
Other Food Policies as Obesity Policy
Authors
Julian M. Alston
Abigail M. Okrent
Copyright Year
2017
Book
The Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States

Print ISBN: 978-1-137-48647-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-47831-3

Copyright Year: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47831-3_10