6. Outlook

The chapter delves into the critical role of source control in suppressing and eliminating AMD production, highlighting the need for ongoing research. It examines various strategies such as the integration of polymeric adhesives, microencapsulation with nanoparticles, and self-healing passivation layers inspired by self-healing concrete. Additionally, it explores the identification of cost-effective catechol replacements and the importance of systematic testing of passivation layer efficacies. The chapter also discusses advancements in Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) and Constructed Wetlands (CWs), emphasizing the use of sustainable materials and improved monitoring techniques. Furthermore, it investigates the potential of Saturated Rock Fills/Gravel Bed Reactors and in-pit treatments, focusing on economic evaluations and the recovery of valuable metals. Each section offers insights into the latest research directions, promising a more sustainable and effective approach to AMD treatment.