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Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B

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03-11-2016

Oxidation Behavior of Molten Cu-Be Binary and Cu-Be-X (X = Ca or Zr) Ternary Alloys at 1423 K (1150 °C) Under Controlled Oxygen Partial Pressure

Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

The oxidation behavior of molten Cu-Be binary and Cu-Be-X (Ca or Zr) ternary alloys was investigated by exposing these molten alloy systems to various Ar-O₂ atmospheres to control the oxygen partial pressure from 10 to 10⁵ Pa at 1423 K (1150 °C). The experimental results clarified that the oxygen partial pressure in gas phase affects the morphology of the oxide formed on the surface of the alloy and the oxidation rate of beryllium. At lower oxygen partial pressure, a molten Cu-Be alloy is covered with a homogeneous and compact internal layer of BeO, which leads to a minimization of the beryllium oxidation rate. By adding a small amount of calcium or zirconium into the molten Cu-0.5 mass pct Be alloy, a protective BeO layer is formed even at higher oxygen partial pressure, resulting in achievement of a significant reduction in the beryllium oxidation rate.

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In the case of pure beryllium oxidation at 1423 K (1150 °C), it can be estimated from its Ellingham line plotted in Figure 1 that beryllium is oxidized to form solid BeO at an oxygen partial pressure higher than 3.65 × 10⁻³⁰ Pa.

The normalized oxygen partial pressures, \( p_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \) and \( p^{\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \), are defined, respectively, as \( p_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \equiv P_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} /P^{ \circ } \) and \( p^{\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \equiv P^{\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} /P^{ \circ } \), where \( P^{ \circ } \) is the standard state pressure (SSP) defined to be 101325 Pa; \( P_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \) and \( P^{\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \) are, respectively, the oxygen partial pressures in the gas phase and at the interface between metal and M_1+δO-type oxide (in Pa).

Similarly to \( p_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \) and \( p^{\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \), \( p^{\prime\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \) is the normalized oxygen partial pressure defined as \( p^{\prime\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \equiv P^{\prime\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} /P^{ \circ } \), where \( P^{\prime\prime}_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} \) is the oxygen partial pressures at the interface between metal and M_1−δO-type oxide (in Pa).

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Title: Oxidation Behavior of Molten Cu-Be Binary and Cu-Be-X (X = Ca or Zr) Ternary Alloys at 1423 K (1150 °C) Under Controlled Oxygen Partial Pressure
Publication date: 03-11-2016
Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1073-5615
Electronic ISSN: 1543-1916
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0849-9

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