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Petroleum Geology

  • 2025
  • Book
Authors
Hua Liu
Youlu Jiang
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Part of
Springer Professional "Business + Economics & Engineering + Technology"
Springer Professional "Engineering + Technology"
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About this book

This textbook primarily introduces theories and methods of oil and gas resource exploration and is a core course for training modern oil and gas exploration professionals. Firstly, compared to previous textbooks, the content has been reconstructed, integrating Oil and Gas Geology with Oil and Gas Exploration, forming a complete system with the theory of hydrocarbon generation, migration, distribution, and exploration methods, which is more in line with students' cognitive patterns. Secondly, scientific research achievements and new theories and methods are promptly supplemented into it, such as updating the content of hydrocarbon migration, making its content both inherit the classics and keep pace with the times. Thirdly, the practical teaching approach is strengthened, keeping up with the development needs of the industry, and integrating field cases of oil field enterprises into the teaching practice, such as the development of the oil and gas charging model of the traps (obtained a national invention patent), which effectively solves the problem from the student to establish three-dimensional space and temporal concepts. This textbook can be used for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students majoring in petroleum resource exploration and is also a handy reference for a wide range of oil and gas geologists.

Table of Contents

  1. Frontmatter

  2. Chapter 1. Basic Characteristics of Oil, Natural Gas, and Oilfield Water

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    Oil, natural gas, and oilfield water are all stored in the pores of underground rocks. Influenced by their sources and geological factors, their chemical compositions and physical properties vary from one region to another. Understanding the basic properties of oil, gas, and water is of great significance for clarifying the formation, migration, and accumulation patterns of oil and gas, and for developing rational exploitation and processing plans. This chapter mainly introduces the chemical composition, physical properties, and classification of petroleum, natural gas, and oilfield water. It also briefly discusses the stable isotopes in oil and gas, particularly the compositional characteristics of stable carbon isotopes.

  3. Chapter 2. Formation of Oil and Natural Gas

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    The formation mechanism and evolution process of petroleum are one of the core contents of petroleum geology. This chapter focuses on the organic origin of petroleum, introducing the stages and characteristics of the formation of petroleum from precursors such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and lignin under the action of biological and thermal effects. The formation mechanism and identification technology of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon natural gas will also be introduced. At the same time, source rock evaluation and oil source comparison will also be discussed in a targeted manner.

  4. Chapter 3. Reservoirs and Cap Rocks

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    Reservoirs and cap rocks are the fundamental components of oil and gas reservoirs. Reservoirs serve as the storage space for oil and gas, and are the core of the reservoir system. Cap rocks are the geological layers or bodies that overlie the reservoirs and seal in the oil and gas, preventing their upward escape. They are also essential for the formation of oil and gas reservoirs. This chapter introduces the basic characteristics, types, origins, and main factors influencing the properties of reservoirs and cap rocks, with a particular focus on the characteristics, origins, and main research areas of different types of reservoirs, such as clastic rocks and carbonate rocks. The structure, characteristics, origin, and distribution of reservoirs and cap rocks are closely related to the formation of oil and gas reservoirs, the reserves of oil and gas, production capacity, and output. They directly affect the deployment and efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development.

  5. Chapter 4. Hydrocarbon Migration

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    The migration of oil and gas is a crucial link between their generation and accumulation into reservoirs, reflecting the most significant characteristics of oil and gas as fluid mineral resources and is a key focus in petroleum geology. The migration process is complex and can be divided into primary migration and secondary migration based on its characteristics. These two types differ in terms of phase, driving forces, resistance, pathways, timing, and distance of oil and gas migration, which in turn affect the distribution of oil and gas within a basin. Therefore, understanding the content and methods of studying oil and gas migration is essential. This chapter mainly introduces the concepts of oil and gas migration, primary migration, secondary migration, research methods for oil and gas migration, and the relationship between the three fields (structural, fluid pressure, and thermal fields) and oil and gas migration.

  6. Chapter 5. Hydrocarbon Accumulation and the Formation of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    Oil and natural gas are initially formed in a dispersed state and must undergo accumulation to form industrial reservoirs that are exploitable. The accumulation of oil and gas, as well as the formation of reservoirs, requires specific geological conditions. Once formed, these reservoirs may still face geological processes such as adjustment and destruction, which influence the final distribution of oil and gas. Therefore, understanding the accumulation of oil and gas and the formation and preservation of reservoirs is essential. This chapter mainly introduces the concepts and measurements of traps and oil and gas reservoirs, the principles of oil and gas accumulation, the conditions for the formation and preservation of reservoirs, the destruction and reformation of reservoirs, the timing of reservoir formation, and the formation mechanisms of condensate gas reservoirs and natural gas hydrates.

  7. Chapter 6. Types and Characteristics of Oil and Gas Reservoirs

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    The type of oil and gas reservoir is the foundation for understanding the distribution patterns of oil and gas and is one of the key elements that must be understood in oil and gas exploration. Oil and gas reservoirs are influenced by a variety of factors, including reservoir shape, trap type, reservoir type, seal type, and the phase state of oil and gas, which leads to a highly complex classification scheme for oil and gas reservoirs. Among these, classification based on trap genesis reflects the scientific and practical nature of reservoir classification and is widely used in oil and gas exploration. This chapter mainly classifies oil and gas reservoirs according to trap genesis, dividing them into five major categories: structural, stratigraphic, lithologic, composite, and special types of oil and gas reservoirs, and introduces the characteristics of each type of reservoir.

  8. Chapter 7. Petroleum and Natural Gas Accumulation Units and Distribution Patterns

    Hua Liu, Youlu Jiang
    Abstract
    The distribution of oil and gas in the Earth's crust is controlled by regional geological structures and geological conditions such as lithology and facies, and appears in clusters, belts, and zones. Dividing oil and gas accumulation units at different scales can effectively reveal the distribution and enrichment patterns of oil and gas, providing guidance for oil and gas exploration. This chapter introduces oil and gas reservoirs, oil and gas fields, oil and gas accumulation belts, petroleum systems, and petroleum basins as different levels of oil and gas accumulation units. It compares and analyzes the petroleum geological characteristics of different types of petroleum basins and introduces the distribution characteristics of global and Chinese oil and gas resources and the main geological factors affecting the distribution and enrichment of oil and gas.
Title
Petroleum Geology
Authors
Hua Liu
Youlu Jiang
Copyright Year
2025
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-9670-86-4
Print ISBN
978-981-9670-85-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-7086-4

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