Phenomenological investigation of structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of holmium substituted gadolinium iron garnet

The article delves into the phenomenological investigation of structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of holmium substituted gadolinium iron garnet. It begins by highlighting the significance of ferrites in various applications, such as telecommunications, antennas, and magnetic devices. The study focuses on garnets, particularly gadolinium iron garnet (GdIG), due to its unique properties like controllable saturation magnetization and magnetic compensation. The authors explore the effects of holmium substitution on GdIG, aiming to enhance saturation magnetization and tune magnetic compensation, complex impedance, and ac conductivity. The experimental techniques employed include X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) among others. The results show a systematic decrease in lattice constant and unit cell volume with holmium substitution, along with changes in magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization and effective anisotropy constant. The study also reveals a decrease in ac conductivity with holmium doping, due to a reduction in oxygen vacancies. Overall, the article presents a thorough investigation of the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of holmium substituted gadolinium iron garnet, offering valuable insights for further research and applications in materials science.