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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Physical and Technical Background

Authors : Markus Raffel, Christian E. Willert, Fulvio Scarano, Christian J. Kähler, Steven T. Wereley, Jürgen Kompenhans

Published in: Particle Image Velocimetry

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The choice of an appropriate tracer is of paramount importance for the success of a PIV experiment. This chapter guides the choice by giving a description of the physical mechanisms governing the motion of tracer particles in the flow. The discussion covers seeding particle generation techniques and their supply into the flow facility from water experiments to aerodynamics and compressible reactive flows. The properties of HFSB tracers are given a specific attention, given their recent introduction for PIV experiments at large scale. The light scattering properties of the tracer particles are of equal importance. The chapter presents the most used physical models to predict the amount of light scattered by the tracers. The fundamental properties of Lasers as the most used devices to illuminate the seeded flow are treated. The discussion includes the properties of emitted light pulses, low- and high-repetition rate systems, light transmission optics and methods of light sheet formation. The growing number of experiments with volume illumination justifies an expanded discussion on the working principles of LED illumination as an alternative approach to Lasers. Digital imaging systems needed to record the scattered light intensity from the particles are described from their working principle, electronic architecture and operating modes. The most relevant differences between CCD and CMOS imagers are explained guiding the choice to the most suited imager for a given experiment. The discussion includes the most recent developments in this domain with the sCMOS architecture.

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previous chapter Introduction

next chapter Recording Techniques for PIV

A commonly used expression signifying a length scale below the spatial resolution limit of a digital image, i.e. a pixel, is called sub-pixel. For instance the intensity distribution of a particle image may be used to estimate its position with sub-pixel accuracy.

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Title: Physical and Technical Background
Authors: Markus Raffel
Christian E. Willert
Fulvio Scarano
Christian J. Kähler
Steven T. Wereley
Jürgen Kompenhans
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Particle Image Velocimetry
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68851-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-68852-7

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7_2

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