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Published in:
2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
6. Pioneers in Calculating and Computing Technology
Author : Herbert Bruderer
Published in: Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
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Abstract
This chapter deals with the question who invented or discovered what and when. Important contributions of women (e.g., Ada Lovelace and Grace Hopper) are included. The achievements of women during the Second World War (e.g., cracking the Enigma ciphertexts in Bletchley Park, UK, and programming the giant Eniac computer in Philadelphia) were of great importance. The global overview by country traces the pre- and early history of calculating and computing technology. A number of unrecognized and unknown visionaries are mentioned as well. Along with analog and digital mathematical aids, numerous drawing and measuring devices and (partly programmable) automaton figures are described. Selected manufacturers of calculating and computing devices are also mentioned. A chronological table summarizes pathbreaking accomplishments.