Skip to main content
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Platforms and Architectures for Distributed Smart Cameras

Author : Marilyn Wolf

Published in: Distributed Embedded Smart Cameras

Publisher: Springer New York

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Embedded computer vision places huge computational demands on smart cameras; in addition, these systems must often be designed to consume very low power and be inexpensive to manfuacture. In this chapter, we consider computational platforms for both smart cameras and networks of smart cameras. A platform is a combination of hardware and software that provides a set of features and services for an application space. We first compare a broad range of computing fabrics suitable for embedded computer vision: FPGAs, GPUs, video signal processors, and heterogeneous multiprocessor system-on-chip. We then look at approaches to the design of a platform for distributed services in a smart camera network.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Agbaria A, Kang DI, Singh K (2006) Lmpi: MPI for heterogeneous embedded distributed systems. In: 12th International conference on parallel and distributed systems 2006 (ICPADS 2006), vol 1, p 8. doi:10.1109/ICPADS.2006.56 Agbaria A, Kang DI, Singh K (2006) Lmpi: MPI for heterogeneous embedded distributed systems. In: 12th International conference on parallel and distributed systems 2006 (ICPADS 2006), vol 1, p 8. doi:10.​1109/​ICPADS.​2006.​56
2.
go back to reference Arth C, Leistner C, Bischof H (2007) Object reacquisition and tracking in large-scale smart camera networks. In: First ACM/IEEE international conference on distributed smart cameras 2007 (ICDSC ’07), pp 156–163. doi:10.1109/ICDSC.2007.4357519 Arth C, Leistner C, Bischof H (2007) Object reacquisition and tracking in large-scale smart camera networks. In: First ACM/IEEE international conference on distributed smart cameras 2007 (ICDSC ’07), pp 156–163. doi:10.​1109/​ICDSC.​2007.​4357519
3.
go back to reference Austin T, Blaauw D, Mahlke S, Mudge T, Chakrabarti C, Wolf W (2004) Mobile supercomputers. IEEE Comput 37(5):81–83CrossRef Austin T, Blaauw D, Mahlke S, Mudge T, Chakrabarti C, Wolf W (2004) Mobile supercomputers. IEEE Comput 37(5):81–83CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Barnard ST, Thompson WB (1980) Disparity analysis of images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell PAMI 2(4):333–340 Barnard ST, Thompson WB (1980) Disparity analysis of images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell PAMI 2(4):333–340
5.
go back to reference Boddie J, Daryanani G, Eldumiati I, Gadenz R, Thompson J, Walters S, Pedersen R (1980) A digital signal processor for telecommunications applications. In: Solid-state circuits conference. Digest of technical papers. 1980 IEEE international, vol XXIII, pp 44–45. doi:10.1109/ISSCC.1980.1156117 Boddie J, Daryanani G, Eldumiati I, Gadenz R, Thompson J, Walters S, Pedersen R (1980) A digital signal processor for telecommunications applications. In: Solid-state circuits conference. Digest of technical papers. 1980 IEEE international, vol XXIII, pp 44–45. doi:10.​1109/​ISSCC.​1980.​1156117
7.
go back to reference Clemons J, Jones A, Perricone R, Savarese S, Austin T (2011) Effex: an embedded processor for computer vision based feature extraction. In: Design automation conference (DAC), 2011. 48th ACM/EDAC/IEEE, pp 1020–1025 Clemons J, Jones A, Perricone R, Savarese S, Austin T (2011) Effex: an embedded processor for computer vision based feature extraction. In: Design automation conference (DAC), 2011. 48th ACM/EDAC/IEEE, pp 1020–1025
8.
go back to reference Corporation A (2014) Stratix v device overview. Tech Rep SV51001 Corporation A (2014) Stratix v device overview. Tech Rep SV51001
9.
go back to reference Corporation X (2013) 7 Series fpgas overview. Tech Rep DS180 Corporation X (2013) 7 Series fpgas overview. Tech Rep DS180
12.
go back to reference Dutta S, O’Connor K, Wolf W, Wolfe A (1998) A design study of a 0.25-\({\upmu }m\) video signal processor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 8(4):501–519 doi:10.1109/76.709414. Dutta S, O’Connor K, Wolf W, Wolfe A (1998) A design study of a 0.25-\({\upmu }m\) video signal processor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 8(4):501–519 doi:10.​1109/​76.​709414.
13.
go back to reference Dutta S, Wolf W (1999) A circuit-driven design methodology for video signal-processing datapath elements. IEEE Trans VLSI Syst 7(2):229–240CrossRef Dutta S, Wolf W (1999) A circuit-driven design methodology for video signal-processing datapath elements. IEEE Trans VLSI Syst 7(2):229–240CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Dutta S, Wolf W, Wolfe A (1998) A methodology to evaluate memory architecture design tradeoffs for video signal processors. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 8(1):36–53CrossRef Dutta S, Wolf W, Wolfe A (1998) A methodology to evaluate memory architecture design tradeoffs for video signal processors. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 8(1):36–53CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Ercegovac MD, Lang T (2004) Digital arithmetic. Morgan-Kaufmann Ercegovac MD, Lang T (2004) Digital arithmetic. Morgan-Kaufmann
16.
go back to reference Farabet C, Martini B, Corda B, Akselrod P, Culurciello E, LeCun Y (2011) Neuflow: a runtime reconfigurable dataflow processor for vision. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW 2011), pp 109–116. doi:10.1109/CVPRW.2011.5981829 Farabet C, Martini B, Corda B, Akselrod P, Culurciello E, LeCun Y (2011) Neuflow: a runtime reconfigurable dataflow processor for vision. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW 2011), pp 109–116. doi:10.​1109/​CVPRW.​2011.​5981829
17.
go back to reference Fritts J, Wolf W (1999) Understanding multimedia application characteristics for designing programmable media processors. In: Multimedia hardware architectures. SPIE Fritts J, Wolf W (1999) Understanding multimedia application characteristics for designing programmable media processors. In: Multimedia hardware architectures. SPIE
18.
go back to reference Fritts J, Wolf W (2000) Evaluation of static and dynamic scheduling for media processors. In: Proceedings, MICRO-33 MP-DSP2 workshop. ACM Fritts J, Wolf W (2000) Evaluation of static and dynamic scheduling for media processors. In: Proceedings, MICRO-33 MP-DSP2 workshop. ACM
19.
go back to reference Fung J, Mann S (2005) OpenVIDIA: parallel GPU computer vision. In: Multimedia ’05: proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on multimedia Fung J, Mann S (2005) OpenVIDIA: parallel GPU computer vision. In: Multimedia ’05: proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on multimedia
20.
go back to reference Fung J, Mann S (2008) Using graphics devices in reverse: Gpu-based image processing and computer vision. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and Expo 2008, pp 9–12. doi:10.1109/ICME.2008.4607358 Fung J, Mann S (2008) Using graphics devices in reverse: Gpu-based image processing and computer vision. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and Expo 2008, pp 9–12. doi:10.​1109/​ICME.​2008.​4607358
21.
go back to reference Gropp W, Lusk EL, Skjellum A (1999) Using MPI: portable parallel programming with the message-passing interface, 2nd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge Gropp W, Lusk EL, Skjellum A (1999) Using MPI: portable parallel programming with the message-passing interface, 2nd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge
22.
go back to reference Gudis E, Lu P, Berends D, Kaighn K, van der Wal G, Buchanan G, Chai S, Piacentino M (2013) An embedded vision services framework for heterogeneous accelerators. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW 2013), pp 598–603. doi:10.1109/CVPRW.2013.90 Gudis E, Lu P, Berends D, Kaighn K, van der Wal G, Buchanan G, Chai S, Piacentino M (2013) An embedded vision services framework for heterogeneous accelerators. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW 2013), pp 598–603. doi:10.​1109/​CVPRW.​2013.​90
23.
go back to reference Gudis E, Van der Wal G, Kuthirummal S, Chai S (2012) Multi-resolution real-time dense stereo vision processing in fpga. In: IEEE 20th annual international symposium on field-programmable custom computing machines (FCCM 2012), pp 29–32. doi:10.1109/FCCM.2012.15 Gudis E, Van der Wal G, Kuthirummal S, Chai S (2012) Multi-resolution real-time dense stereo vision processing in fpga. In: IEEE 20th annual international symposium on field-programmable custom computing machines (FCCM 2012), pp 29–32. doi:10.​1109/​FCCM.​2012.​15
24.
go back to reference Hartley RI, Zisserman A (2004) Multiple view geometry in computer vision, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Hartley RI, Zisserman A (2004) Multiple view geometry in computer vision, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
25.
go back to reference Hennessy JL, Patterson DA (2001) Computer architecture: a quantitative approach, 5th edn. Morgnn Kaufman, Los Altos Hennessy JL, Patterson DA (2001) Computer architecture: a quantitative approach, 5th edn. Morgnn Kaufman, Los Altos
26.
go back to reference Hong K, Smaldone S, Shin J, Lillethun D, Iftode L, Ramachandran U (2011) Target container: a target-centric parallel programming abstraction for video-based surveillance. In: Fifth ACM/IEEE international conference on distributed smart cameras (ICDSC 2011), pp 1–8. doi:10.1109/ICDSC.2011.6042914 Hong K, Smaldone S, Shin J, Lillethun D, Iftode L, Ramachandran U (2011) Target container: a target-centric parallel programming abstraction for video-based surveillance. In: Fifth ACM/IEEE international conference on distributed smart cameras (ICDSC 2011), pp 1–8. doi:10.​1109/​ICDSC.​2011.​6042914
27.
go back to reference Horprasesert T, Harwood D, Davis LS (1999) A statistical approach for real-time robust background subtraction and shadow detection. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision FRAME-RATE workshop Horprasesert T, Harwood D, Davis LS (1999) A statistical approach for real-time robust background subtraction and shadow detection. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision FRAME-RATE workshop
28.
go back to reference Instruments T (2001) Tms320c55x dsp reference guide. Tech Rep SPRU371D Instruments T (2001) Tms320c55x dsp reference guide. Tech Rep SPRU371D
29.
go back to reference Instruments T (2010) Tms320c674x dsp cpu and instruction set reference guide. Tech Rep SPRUFE8B Instruments T (2010) Tms320c674x dsp cpu and instruction set reference guide. Tech Rep SPRUFE8B
30.
go back to reference Instruments T (2013) Floating-point digital signal processor. Tech Rep SPRS675 Instruments T (2013) Floating-point digital signal processor. Tech Rep SPRS675
31.
go back to reference Instruments T (2013) Tms320dm814x davinci digital video processors technical reference manual. Tech Rep SPRUGZ8E. Revision 5 Instruments T (2013) Tms320dm814x davinci digital video processors technical reference manual. Tech Rep SPRUGZ8E. Revision 5
32.
go back to reference Kanevsky A, Skjellum A, Rounbehler A (1998) MPI/RT-an emerging standard for high-performance real-time systems. In: Proceedings of the thirty-first Hawaii international conference on system sciences, vol 3, pp 157–166. doi:10.1109/HICSS.1998.656130 Kanevsky A, Skjellum A, Rounbehler A (1998) MPI/RT-an emerging standard for high-performance real-time systems. In: Proceedings of the thirty-first Hawaii international conference on system sciences, vol 3, pp 157–166. doi:10.​1109/​HICSS.​1998.​656130
33.
go back to reference Kim H, Wolf M (2010) Distributed tracking in a large-scale network of smart cameras. In: Proceedings of the fourth ACM/IEEE international conference on distributed smart cameras. ACM Press, p 816 Kim H, Wolf M (2010) Distributed tracking in a large-scale network of smart cameras. In: Proceedings of the fourth ACM/IEEE international conference on distributed smart cameras. ACM Press, p 816
35.
go back to reference Li E, Wang B, Yang L, ti Peng Y, Du Y, Zhang Y, Chiu YJ (2012) GPU and CPU cooperative accelaration for face detection on modern processors. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME 2012), pp 769–775. doi:10.1109/ICME.2012.121 Li E, Wang B, Yang L, ti Peng Y, Du Y, Zhang Y, Chiu YJ (2012) GPU and CPU cooperative accelaration for face detection on modern processors. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME 2012), pp 769–775. doi:10.​1109/​ICME.​2012.​121
37.
go back to reference Lowe D (1999) Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: The proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on computer vision, vol 2, pp 1150–1157. doi:10.1109/ICCV.1999.790410 Lowe D (1999) Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: The proceedings of the seventh IEEE international conference on computer vision, vol 2, pp 1150–1157. doi:10.​1109/​ICCV.​1999.​790410
38.
go back to reference Lucas B, Kanade T (1981) An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. In: International joint conference on artificial intelligence. AAAI Lucas B, Kanade T (1981) An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. In: International joint conference on artificial intelligence. AAAI
39.
go back to reference Ly D, Saldana M, Chow P (2009) The challenges of using an embedded MPI for hardware-based processing nodes. In: International conference on field-programmable technology 2009 (FPT 2009), pp 120–127. doi:10.1109/FPT.2009.5377688 Ly D, Saldana M, Chow P (2009) The challenges of using an embedded MPI for hardware-based processing nodes. In: International conference on field-programmable technology 2009 (FPT 2009), pp 120–127. doi:10.​1109/​FPT.​2009.​5377688
41.
go back to reference Morat J, Devernay F, Ibanez-Guzman J, Cornou S (2007) Evaluation method for automotive stereo-vision systems. In: Intelligent vehicles symposium, 2007 IEEE, pp 202–208. doi:10.1109/IVS.2007.4290115 Morat J, Devernay F, Ibanez-Guzman J, Cornou S (2007) Evaluation method for automotive stereo-vision systems. In: Intelligent vehicles symposium, 2007 IEEE, pp 202–208. doi:10.​1109/​IVS.​2007.​4290115
42.
go back to reference Nagendra P (2011) Performance characterization of automotive computer vision systems using graphics processing units (GUPs). In: International conference on image information processing (ICIIP 2011), pp 1–4. doi:10.1109/ICIIP.2011.6108951 Nagendra P (2011) Performance characterization of automotive computer vision systems using graphics processing units (GUPs). In: International conference on image information processing (ICIIP 2011), pp 1–4. doi:10.​1109/​ICIIP.​2011.​6108951
43.
go back to reference Oh S, Russell S, Sastry S (2004) Markov chain monte carlo data association for general multiple-target tracking problems. In: Proceedongs of the 43rd IEEE conference on decision and control Oh S, Russell S, Sastry S (2004) Markov chain monte carlo data association for general multiple-target tracking problems. In: Proceedongs of the 43rd IEEE conference on decision and control
45.
go back to reference Ruetz P, Tong P, Bailey D, Luthi D, H.Ang P (1992) A high-performance full-motion video compression chip set. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 2(2):111–122. doi:10.1109/76.143411 Ruetz P, Tong P, Bailey D, Luthi D, H.Ang P (1992) A high-performance full-motion video compression chip set. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 2(2):111–122. doi:10.​1109/​76.​143411
46.
go back to reference Schlessman J, Lodato M, Ozer B, Wolf W (2007) Heterogeneous MPSoC architectures for embedded computer vision. In: 2007 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 1870–1873. IEEE Schlessman J, Lodato M, Ozer B, Wolf W (2007) Heterogeneous MPSoC architectures for embedded computer vision. In: 2007 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 1870–1873. IEEE
47.
go back to reference Schlessman J, Saha S, Wolf W, Bhattacharya S (2005) An extended motion-estimation architecture applied to shape recognition. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo 2005 (ICME 2005), pp 1504–1507. doi:10.1109/ICME.2005.1521718 Schlessman J, Saha S, Wolf W, Bhattacharya S (2005) An extended motion-estimation architecture applied to shape recognition. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo 2005 (ICME 2005), pp 1504–1507. doi:10.​1109/​ICME.​2005.​1521718
48.
go back to reference Schulte M, Stine J (1999) Approximating elementary functions with symmetric bipartite tables. IEEE Trans Comput 48(8):842–847. doi:10.1109/12.795125 Schulte M, Stine J (1999) Approximating elementary functions with symmetric bipartite tables. IEEE Trans Comput 48(8):842–847. doi:10.​1109/​12.​795125
49.
go back to reference Semiconductor F (2012) Mpc5676r microcontroller data sheet. Tech Rep MPC5676R. Rev 3 Semiconductor F (2012) Mpc5676r microcontroller data sheet. Tech Rep MPC5676R. Rev 3
50.
51.
go back to reference Stein G, Rushinek E, Hayun G, Shashua A (2005) A computer vision system on a chip: a case study from the automotive domain. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition—workshops, 2005. CVPR workshops, pp 130–130. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2005.387 Stein G, Rushinek E, Hayun G, Shashua A (2005) A computer vision system on a chip: a case study from the automotive domain. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition—workshops, 2005. CVPR workshops, pp 130–130. doi:10.​1109/​CVPR.​2005.​387
52.
go back to reference Stone W, Sekercioglu Y (2010) Analysis of distributed smart camera calibration accuracy using minimal data transmission. In: IEEE international conference on communication systems (ICCS), 2010, pp 655–661. doi:10.1109/ICCS.2010.5686597 Stone W, Sekercioglu Y (2010) Analysis of distributed smart camera calibration accuracy using minimal data transmission. In: IEEE international conference on communication systems (ICCS), 2010, pp 655–661. doi:10.​1109/​ICCS.​2010.​5686597
53.
go back to reference Tallu D, John LK, Burger D (2003) Bottlenecks in multimedia pro-cessing with SIMD style extensions and multimedia enhancements. IEEE Trans Comput 52(8):1015–1031CrossRef Tallu D, John LK, Burger D (2003) Bottlenecks in multimedia pro-cessing with SIMD style extensions and multimedia enhancements. IEEE Trans Comput 52(8):1015–1031CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Velipasalar S, Schlessman J, Chen CY, Wolf W, Singh J (2006) SCCS: a scalable clustered camera system for multiple object tracking communicating via message passing interface. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, 2006, pp 277–280. doi:10.1109/ICME.2006.262452 Velipasalar S, Schlessman J, Chen CY, Wolf W, Singh J (2006) SCCS: a scalable clustered camera system for multiple object tracking communicating via message passing interface. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, 2006, pp 277–280. doi:10.​1109/​ICME.​2006.​262452
55.
go back to reference Velipasalar S, Wolf W (2005) Multiple object tracking and occlusion handling by information exchange between uncalibrated cameras. In: IEEE international conference on image processing 2005 (ICIP 2005), vol 2, pp II-418-21. doi:10.1109/ICIP.2005.1530081 Velipasalar S, Wolf W (2005) Multiple object tracking and occlusion handling by information exchange between uncalibrated cameras. In: IEEE international conference on image processing 2005 (ICIP 2005), vol 2, pp II-418-21. doi:10.​1109/​ICIP.​2005.​1530081
57.
go back to reference Viola P, Jones M (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 2001 (CVPR 2001), vol 1, pp I-511–I-518. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2001.990517 Viola P, Jones M (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 2001 (CVPR 2001), vol 1, pp I-511–I-518. doi:10.​1109/​CVPR.​2001.​990517
58.
go back to reference Wang G, Xiong Y, Yun J, Cavallaro J (2013) Accelerating computer vision algorithms using opencl framework on the mobile GPU—a case study. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP 2013), pp 2629–2633. doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638132 Wang G, Xiong Y, Yun J, Cavallaro J (2013) Accelerating computer vision algorithms using opencl framework on the mobile GPU—a case study. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP 2013), pp 2629–2633. doi:10.​1109/​ICASSP.​2013.​6638132
60.
go back to reference Weber WD, Chou J, Swarbrick I, Wingard D (2005) A quality-of-service mechanism for interconnection networks in system-on-chips. In: Proceedings of design, automation and test in Europe, 2005, vol 2, pp 1232–1237. doi:10.1109/DATE.2005.33 Weber WD, Chou J, Swarbrick I, Wingard D (2005) A quality-of-service mechanism for interconnection networks in system-on-chips. In: Proceedings of design, automation and test in Europe, 2005, vol 2, pp 1232–1237. doi:10.​1109/​DATE.​2005.​33
61.
go back to reference Wolf M (2014) High performance embedded computing, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos Wolf M (2014) High performance embedded computing, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos
62.
go back to reference van der Wolf P, Geuzebroek J (2011) Soc infrastructures for predictable system integration. In: Design, automation test in Europe conference exhibition (DATE 2011), pp 1–6. doi:10.1109/DATE.2011.5763146 van der Wolf P, Geuzebroek J (2011) Soc infrastructures for predictable system integration. In: Design, automation test in Europe conference exhibition (DATE 2011), pp 1–6. doi:10.​1109/​DATE.​2011.​5763146
63.
go back to reference van der Wolf P, Henriksson T (2008) Video processing requirements on SoC infrastructures. In: Design, automation and test in Europe 2008 (DATE ’08), pp 1124–1125. doi:10.1109/DATE.2008.4484827 van der Wolf P, Henriksson T (2008) Video processing requirements on SoC infrastructures. In: Design, automation and test in Europe 2008 (DATE ’08), pp 1124–1125. doi:10.​1109/​DATE.​2008.​4484827
64.
65.
go back to reference Wolf W, Ozer B, Lv T (2002) Smart cameras as embedded systems. IEEE Comput 35(9):48–53CrossRef Wolf W, Ozer B, Lv T (2002) Smart cameras as embedded systems. IEEE Comput 35(9):48–53CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Xu J, Wolf W, Henkel J, Chakradhar S, Lv T (2004) A case study in networks-on-chip design for embedded video. In: Proceedings of design, automation and test in Europe conference and exhibition, 2004, vol 2, pp 770–775. doi:10.1109/DATE.2004.1268973 Xu J, Wolf W, Henkel J, Chakradhar S, Lv T (2004) A case study in networks-on-chip design for embedded video. In: Proceedings of design, automation and test in Europe conference and exhibition, 2004, vol 2, pp 770–775. doi:10.​1109/​DATE.​2004.​1268973
68.
go back to reference Yang KM, Sun MT, Wu L (1989) A family of vlsi designs for the motion compensation block-matching algorithm. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 36(10):1317–1325. doi:10.1109/31.44348 Yang KM, Sun MT, Wu L (1989) A family of vlsi designs for the motion compensation block-matching algorithm. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 36(10):1317–1325. doi:10.​1109/​31.​44348
69.
go back to reference Zitnick C, Kanade T (2000) A cooperative algorithm for stereo matching and occlusion detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(7):675–684. doi:10.1109/34.865184 Zitnick C, Kanade T (2000) A cooperative algorithm for stereo matching and occlusion detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(7):675–684. doi:10.​1109/​34.​865184
Metadata
Title
Platforms and Architectures for Distributed Smart Cameras
Author
Marilyn Wolf
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7705-1_1