Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Physicomechanical Properties and Utilization of Hydrogels Prepared by Physical and Physicochemical Crosslinking Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Polymer Gels: Molecular Design and Practical Application

Authors : Vicente de Oliveira Sousa Neto, Raimundo Nonato Pereira Teixeira, Gilberto Dantas Saraiva, Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento

Published in: Polymer Gels

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Polymer gels are worn in our steadily lives for extended wear lenses, superabsorbent polymers, etc., and more fancy applications are in development. They are among the most interesting and functional materials. Gels are characterized as polymers and their swollen matters with three-dimensional chain structures that are insoluble in any solvents. The capacity of polymer gels to experience considerable swelling and crumpling as an element of their surroundings is a standout among the most admirable properties of these materials. Polymer gels ordinarily contain a lot of portion of solvent, which gives them a singular quality started from a fluid nature. Additionally, they can keep up shape like strong materials, unless extra stress is applied. Subsequently, the mix of flexibility and shape maintenance capacity gives special properties, especially mechanical properties. Gels are wet and moldable and resemble a strong material yet are set up for experiencing considerable distortion. This property is as opposed to most modern materials, for example metals, earthenware production, and plastics, which are dry and hard. This chapter focuses on polymer gels in terms of molecular design, assembly, crosslink formations, and practical application.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Physicomechanical Properties and Utilization of Hydrogels Prepared by Physical and Physicochemical Crosslinking
next chapter Clinical Use and Hemostatic Application of Gelatin
Literature
Adams N, Schuber US (2007) Poly(2-oxazolines) in biological and biomedical application contexts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1504–1520CrossRefPubMed
Ahn SK, Kasi RM, Kim S-C, Sharmaa N, Zhoub Y (2008) Stimuli-responsive polymer gels. Soft Matter 4:1151–1157CrossRef
An Y, Solis FJ, Jiang H (2010) A thermodynamic model of physical gels. J Mech Phys Solids 58:2083–2099CrossRef
Anitha A, Sowmya S, Sudheesh Kumar PT, Deepthi S, Chennazhi KP, Ehrlich H, Tsurkan M, Jayakumar R (2014) Chitin and chitosan in selected biomedical application. Prog Polym Sci 39(9):1644–1667CrossRef
Arguinzoniz AG, Ruggiero E, Habtemariam A, Hernandez-Gil J, Salassa L, Mareque-Rivas JC (2014) Light harvesting and photoemission by nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy. Part Part Syst Charact 31(1):46–75CrossRef
Baumgaertel A, Altuntaş E, Kempe K, Crecelius A, Schubert US (2010) Characterization of different poly (2‐oxazoline) block copolymers by MALDI‐TOF MS/MS and ESI‐Q‐TOF MS/MS. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48:5533–5540CrossRef
Baumgaertel A, Weber C, Fritz N, Festag G, Altuntaş E, Kempe K, Hoogenboom R, SchubertU S (2011) Characterization of poly (2-oxazoline) homo-and copolymers by liquid chromatography at critical conditions. J Chromatogr A 1218:8370–8378CrossRefPubMed
Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang MQ (2010) Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled localized drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62:83–99CrossRefPubMed
Bütün V, Armes SP, Billingham NC (2001) Synthesis and aqueous solution properties of near-monodisperse tertiary amine methacrylate homopolymers and diblock copolymers. Polymer 42:5993–6008CrossRef
Buwalda SJ, Boere KWM, Dijkstra PJD, Feijen J, Vermonden T, Hennink WE (2014) Hydrogels in a historical perspective: from simple networks to smart materials. J Control Release 190:254–273CrossRefPubMed
Chen CJ, Liu GY, Liu XS, Pang SP, Zhu CS, Lv LP et al (2011) Photo-responsive, biocompatible polymeric micelles self-assembled from hyperbranched polyphosphate-based polymers. Polym Chem 2(6):1389–1397CrossRef
Constantinou AP, Georgiou TK (2016) Tuning the gelation of thermoresponsive gels. Eur Polymer J 78:366–375CrossRef
Cortez-Lemus NA, Licea-Claverie A (2016) Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), a comprehensive review on a thermoresponsive polymer becoming popular. Prog Polym Sci 53:1–51CrossRef
Dai S, Ravi P, Tam KC (2009) Thermo- and photo-responsive polymeric systems. Soft Matter 5:2513–2533CrossRef
EI-Kamel AH, Ashri LY, Alsarra LA (2007) Micromatricial metronidazole benzoate film as a local mucoadhesive delivery system for treatment of periodontal diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 8(3):184–194CrossRef
Eisele M, Burchard W (1990) Hydrophobic water-soluble polymers, 1. Dilute solution properties of poly(1-vinyl-2-piperidone) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam). Makromol Chem 191:169–184CrossRef
El-Ejmi AAS, Huglin MB (1996) Characterization of N, N-dimethylacrylamide/2-methoxyethylacrylate copolymers and phase behaviour of their thermotropic aqueous solutions. Polym Int 39:113–119CrossRef
Feil H, Bae YH, Feijen J et al (1993) Effect of comonomer hydrophilicity and ionization on the lower critical solution temperature of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers. Macromolecules 26:2496–2500CrossRef
Feng N, Han GX, Dong J, Wu H, Zheng YD, Wang GJ (2014) Nanoparticle assembly of a photo- and pH-responsive random azobenzene copolymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 421:15–21CrossRefPubMed
Feng M, Tian Y, Chang SY, Xu DQ, Shi HJ (2015) Polyethylene-oxide improves microcirculatory blood flow in a murine hemorrhagic shock model. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(4):5931–5936PubMedPubMedCentral
Fujishige S, Kubota K, Ando I (1989) Phase transition of aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide). J Phys Chem 93:3311–3313CrossRef
Gandhi A, Paul A, Sen Q, Sen KK (2015) Studies on thermoresponsive polymers: phase behaviour, drug delivery and biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 10:99–107CrossRef
Guenet JM (2000) Structure versus rheological properties in fibrillar thermoreversible gels from polymers and biopolymers. J Rheol 44:947–960CrossRef
Halperin A, Kröger M, Winnik FM (2015) Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) phase diagrams: fifty years of research. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:15342–15367CrossRef
Han M, Ishikawa D, Honda T, Ito E, Hara M (2010) Light-driven molecular switches in azobenzene self-assembled monolayers: effect of molecular structure on reversible photoisomerization and stable cis state. Chem Commun 46:3598–3600CrossRef
Hartlieb M, Pretzel D, Kempe K, Fritzsche C, Paulus RM, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US (2013) Cationic poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogels for reversible DNA binding. Soft Matter 9:4693–4704CrossRef
Hoogenboom R (2009) Poly(2-oxazoline)s: a polymer class with numerous potential applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:7978–7994CrossRef
Hoogenboom R, Thijs HML, Jochems MJHC, van Lankvelt BM, Fijten MWM, Schuber US (2008) Tuning the LCST of poly(2-oxazolines) by varying composition and molecular weight: alternatives to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Chem Commun 5758–5760
Jheng PR, Lu KY, Yu SH, Mi FL (2015) Free DOX and chitosan-N-arginine conjugate stabilized indocyanine green nanoparticles for combined chemophotothermal therapy. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 136:402–412CrossRefPubMed
Jiang JQ, Tong X, Morris D, Zhao Y (2006) Toward photocontrolled release using light-dissociable block copolymer micelles. Macromolecules 39(13):4633–4640CrossRef
Jochum FD, Theato P (2009) Temperature and light sensitive copolymers containing azobenzene moieties prepared via a polymer analogous reaction. Polymer 50:3079–3085CrossRef
Jochum FD, Theato P (2013) Temperature- and light-responsive smart polymer materials. Chem Soc Rev 42(17):7468–7483CrossRefPubMed
Kirsh YE, Yanul NA, Kalninsh KK (1999) Structural transformation of water associate interactions in poly-N-vinylcaprolactam-water system. Eur Polym J 35:305–316CrossRef
Klajn R (2010) Immobilized azobenzenes for the construction of photoresponsive materials. Pure Appl Chem 82:2247–2279CrossRef
Knoben W, Besseling NAM, Stuart MAC (2007) Rheology of a reversible supramolecular polymer studied by comparison of the effects of temperature and chain stoppers. J Chem Phys 126:024907CrossRefPubMed
Kobayashi S, Masuda E, Shoda S, Shimano Y (1989) Synthesis of acryl- and methacryl-type macromonomers and telechelics by utilizing living polymerization of 2-oxazolines. Macromolecules 22:2878–2884CrossRef
Kuang HH, He HY, Hou J, Xie ZG, Jing XB, Huang YB (2013) Thymine modified amphiphilic biodegradable copolymers for photo-cross-linked micelles as stable drug carriers. Macromol Biosci 13(11):1593–1600CrossRefPubMed
Kujawa P, Segui F, Shaban S, Diab C, Okada Y, Tanaka F, Winnik FM (2006) Impact of end-group association and main-chain hydration on the thermosensitive properties of hydrophobically modified telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) in water. Macromolecules 39:341–348CrossRef
Kumar S, Allard JF, Morris D, Dory YL, Lepage M, Zhao Y (2012) Near-infrared light sensitive polypeptide block copolymer micelles for drug delivery. J Mater Chem 22(15):7252–7257CrossRef
Lau ACW, Wu C (1999) Thermally sensitive and biocompatible poly(N-vinylcaprolactam): synthesis and characterization of high molar mass linear chains. Macromolecules 32:581–584CrossRef
Li L, Aoki Y (1997) Rheological images of poly(vinyl chloride) Gels. 1. The dependence of Sol–Gel transition on concentation. Macromolecules 30:7835–7841CrossRef
Lim CK, Heo J, Shin S, Jeong K, Seo YH, Jang HD (2013) Nanophotosensitizers toward advanced photodynamic therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 334(2):176–187CrossRefPubMed
Lin CP, Sung YC, Hsiue GH (2012) Non-viral pH-sensitive gene carriers based on poly ((2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-ethylenimine)-block-Poly(2-ethyl -2-oxazoline): a study of gene release behavior. J Med Biol Eng 32:365–372CrossRef
Lin YH, Tsai SC, Lai CH, Lee CH, He ZS, Tseng GC (2013) Genipin-cross-linked fucose-chitosan/heparin nanoparticles for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Biomaterials 34:4466–4479CrossRefPubMed
Liu F, Urban MW (2010) Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers. Prog Polym Sci 35:3–23CrossRef
Liu G, Liu W, Dong CM (2013) UV- and NIR-responsive polymeric nanomedicines for on-demand drug delivery. Polym Chem 4(12):3431–3443CrossRef
Lozinsky VI, Simenel IA, Kurskaya EA, Kulakova VK, Galaev IY, Mattiasson B, Grinberg VY, Girnberg NV, Khokhlov AR (2000) Synthesis of N-vinylcaprolactam polymers in water containing media. Polymer 41:6507–6518CrossRef
Lu KY, Lin CW, Hsu CH, Ho YC, Chuang EY, Sung HW, Mi FL (2014) FRET-based dual-emission and pH-responsive nanocarriers for enhanced delivery of protein across intestinal epithelial cell barrier. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:18275–18289CrossRefPubMed
Maeda Y, Nakamura T, Ikeda I (2001) Changes in the hydration states of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s during their phase transitions in water observed by FTIR spectroscopy. Macromolecules 34:1391–1399CrossRef
Makhaeva EE, Tenhu H, Khokhlov AR (1998) Conformational changes of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) macromolecules and their complexes with ionic surfactants in aqueous solution. Macromolecules 31:6112–6118CrossRef
Matsusaki M, Kishida A, Stainton N, Ansell CWG, Akashi M (2001) Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable polymers composed of hydroxycinnamic acid and D, L-lactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 82(10):2357–2364CrossRef
Park JS, Akiyama Y, Winnik FM, Kataoka K (2004) Versatile synthesis of end-functionalized thermosensitive poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines). Macromolecules 37:6786–6792CrossRef
Paul JF, John RJ (1943) Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks II. Swelling J Chem Phys 11:521–526CrossRef
Plate NA, Lebedeva TL, Valuev LI (1999) Lower critical solution temperature in aqueous solutions of N-Alkyl-substituted polyacrylamides. Polym J 31:21–27CrossRef
Podual K, Doyle FJ, Peppas NA (2000) Glucose-sensitivity of glucose oxidase-containing cationic copolymer hydrogels having poly (ethylene glycol) grafts. J Control Release 67:9–17CrossRefPubMed
Qiu Y, Park K (2001) Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 53:321–339CrossRefPubMed
Qiu Y, Park K (2012) Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:49–60CrossRef
Roy D, Brooks WLA, Sumerlin BS (2013) New directions in thermoresponsive polymers. Chem Soc Rev 42:7214–7243CrossRefPubMed
Rueda J, Zschoche S, Komber H, Schmaljohann D, Voit B (2005) Synthesis and characterization of thermoresponsive graft copolymers of NIPAAmand 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines by the “grafting from” method. Macromolecules 8:7330–7336CrossRef
Saeki S, Kuwahara N, Nakata M, Kaneko M (1977) Phase separation of poly(ethylene glycol)-water-salt systems. Polymer 18:1027–1031CrossRef
Schild HG (1992) Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): experiment, theory and application. Prog Polym Sci 17:163–249CrossRef
Schmaljohann D (2006) Thermo- and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58:1655–1670CrossRefPubMed
Shibu ES, Hamada M, Murase N, Biju V (2013) Nanomaterials formulations for photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer. J Photochem Photobiol C-Photochem Rev 15:53–72CrossRef
Shostakovsky MF, Sidelkovskaya FP, Zelenskaya MG (1952) Synthesis and transformations of N-Vinylcaprolactam. Part 1: polymerization in presence of hydrogen peroxide. Bull Acad Sci USSR Div Chem Sci 4:633–636CrossRef
Solomon OF, Corciovei M, Ciuta I, Boghina C (1968) Properties of solutions of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam). J Appl Polym Sci 12:1835–1842CrossRef
Son S, Shin E, Kim BS (2014) Light-responsive micelles of spiropyran initiated hyperbranched polyglycerol for smart drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 15(2):628–634CrossRefPubMed
Su Y-R, Yu S-H, Chao A-C, Wu J-Y, Lin Y-F, Lu K-Y, Mi F-L (2016) Preparation and properties of pH-responsive, self-assembled colloidal nanoparticles from guanidine-containing polypeptide and chitosan for antibiotic delivery. Colloids Surf A 494:9–20CrossRef
Susanto H, Samsudin AM, Rokhati N, Widiasa IN (2013) Immobilization of glucose oxidase on chitosan-based porous composite membranes and their potential use in biosensors. Enzyme Microb Technol 52:386–392CrossRefPubMed
Takamatsu D, Fukui K, Aroua S, Yamakoshi Y (2010) Photoswitching tripodal single molecular tip for noncovalent AFM measurement: synthesis, immobilization and reversible configurational change on gold surface. Org Biomol Chem 8:3655–3664CrossRefPubMed
Tamada K, Akiyama H, Wei TX, Kim SA (2003) Photoisomerization reaction of unsymmetrical azobenzene disulphide self-assembled monolayers: modification of azobenzene dyes to improve thermal endurance for photoreaction. Langmuir 19:2306–2312CrossRef
Tang XD, Liang XC, Gao LC, Fan XH, Zhou QF (2010) Water-soluble triply-responsive homopolymers of N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with a terminal azobenzene moiety. J Polym Sci Part A-Polym Chem 48(12):2564–2570CrossRef
Tauhardt L, Frant M, Pretzel D, Hartlieb M, Bücher C, Hildebrand G, Schröter B, Weber C, Kempe K, Gottschaldt M, Liefeithc K, Schubert US (2014) Amine end-functionalized poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as promising coating material for antifouling applications. J Mater Chem B 2:4883–4893CrossRef
Theato P (2008) Synthesis of well-defined polymeric activated esters. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 46:6677–6687CrossRef
Vihola H, Laukkanen A, Vihola L, Tenhu H, Hirvonen J (2005) Cytotoxicity of thermosensitive polymers poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and amphiphilically modified poly(N-vinylcaprolactam). Biomaterials 26(2005):3055–3064CrossRefPubMed
Vihola H, Laukkanen A, Tenhu H, Hirvonen J (2008) Drug release characteristics of physically cross-linked thermosensitive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) hydrogel particles. J Pharm Sci 97:4783–4793CrossRefPubMed
Vogt AP, Sumerlin BS (2009) Temperature and redox responsive hydrogels from ABA triblock copolymers prepared by RAFT polymerization. Soft Matter 5:2347–2351CrossRef
Wang CH, Hsiue GH (2002) Synthesis and characterization of temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(D, L-lactide). J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40:1112–1121CrossRef
Wang X, Qiu X, Wu C (1998) Comparison of the coil-to-globule and the globule-to-coil transitions of a single poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) homopolymer chain in water. Macromolecules 31:2972–2976CrossRef
Wang B, Chen KF, Yang RD, Yang F, Liu J (2014) Stimulus-responsive polymeric micelles for the light-triggered release of drugs. Carbohydr Polym 103:510–519CrossRef
Weber C, Becer CR, Hoogenboom R, Schuber UC (2009) Lower critical solution temperature behavior of comb and graft shaped poly[oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)methacrylates. Macromolecules 42:2965–2971CrossRef
Xia Y, Burke NAD, Stoever DH (2006) End group effect on the thermal response of narrow-disperse poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 39:2275–2283CrossRef
Xiao Y, Gong T, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wen ZT, Zhou S, Bao C, Xu X (2016) Fabrication and characterization of a glucose-sensitive antibacterial chitosan–polyethylene oxide hydrogel. Polymer 82:1–10CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Yoshihito O, Jian-Ping G (1998) Soft and wet materials: polymer gels. Adv Mater 10:827–837CrossRef
You J, Almeda D, Ye GJC, Auguste DT (2010a) Bioresponsive matrices in drug delivery. J Biol Eng 4(5):1–12
You J, Shao RP, Wei X, Gupta S, Li A (2010b) Near-infrared light triggers release of paclitaxel from biodegradable microspheres: photothermal effect and enhanced antitumor activity. Small 6:1022–1031CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Yu L, Ding J (2008) Injectable hydrogels as unique biomedical materials. Chem Soc Rev 37:1473–1481CrossRefPubMed
Yu YY, Tian F, Wei C, Wang CC (2009) Facile synthesis of triple-stimuli (photo/pH/thermo) responsive copolymers of 2-diazo-1,2-naphthoquinone-mediated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxymethylacrylamide). J Polym Sci Part A-P
Metadata
Title
Polymer Gels: Molecular Design and Practical Application
Authors
Vicente de Oliveira Sousa Neto
Raimundo Nonato Pereira Teixeira
Gilberto Dantas Saraiva
Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Book
Polymer Gels

Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6082-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-6083-0

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6083-0_2

Premium Partners

    Image Credits