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2017 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Polypropylene Nanofibers

Melt Electrospinning Versus Meltblowing

Author: Ph.D. Rajkishore Nayak

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Engineering Materials

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book provides a comparison between melt electrospinning and meltblowing as techniques for the production of polypropylene nanofibers. The author compares the morphological, structural, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the different produced fibers. Moreover, the degree of thermal degradation of the different fibers is also analyzed. The book is useful to chemists and material scientists working on the synthesis of nanofibers by melt processes, showing the limitations of each technique for nanofiber fabrication.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter discusses the scope of the study; research concepts and hypotheses; aims and objectives; and contribution of the research. In this study, nanofibres were fabricated by two melt processes: melt electrospinning and meltblowing. The nanofibres fabricated by these processes were characterised by various techniques to understand the fibre morphology, thermal, crystalline and mechanical properties.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 2. Review of Literature: Melt Electrospinning
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology has been booming in many important areas such as medicine, engineering, electronics and textiles. In fibrous materials it has predominantly come up in the form of electrospun nanofibres. This chapters deals with the process widely used for the fabrication of nanofibres, which is electrospinning due to its simplicity and suitability for a variety of polymers. Different types of electrospinning such as solution and melt electrospinning have been discussed. As this study is based on melt electrospinning, the research works related to the factors influencing the fibre properties such as applied voltage, collector distance, polymer viscosity and conductivity have been discussed. Furthermore, the characterisation of nanofibres using various technologies has also been discussed.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 3. Experimental: Melt Electrospinning
Abstract
The nanofibres were fabricated by melt electrospinning by reducing the viscosity and increasing the electrical conductivity of the polymer melt. Then the nanofibres were investigated to understand their properties, hence, characterised by different techniques.  This chapter deals with the materials used, the equipment and the processing parameters applied in the melt electrospinning experiments. It also includes the equipment and test conditions used for the characterisation of the fibres fabricated. The characterisation techniques include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential thermal calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical characterisation.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 4. Results and Discussion: Melt Electrospinning
Abstract
This chapter discusses the results and discussion of the experiments done on the melt electrospinning to fabricate nanofibres and their characterisation. Uses of additives such as rheology modifiers, to reduce the melt viscosity and conductivity enhancers, to increase the electrical conductivity in melt electrospinning helped in the fabrication of nanofibres. The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) reduced the melt viscosity; whereas the use of sodium oleate (SO) and sodium chloride (NaCl) improved the electrical conductivity. The results obtained from various characterisation techniques such as fibre morphology, thermal, crystalline, and mechanical properties; and surface wettability are also discussed in this chapter.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 5. Conclusions: Melt Electrospinning
Abstract
This chapter concludes the findings of the research that focused on the fabrication and characterisation of nanofibres of polypropyle (PP) by melt electrospinning. Melt electrospinning of pure PP polymers (100, 300, 1000 and 2000 melt flow index (MFI)) and polymers with different additives (sodium oleate (SO),  polyethylene glycol (PEG), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and sodium chloride (NaCl)) has been successfully achieved. It was found that within limits, an increase in the temperature, applied voltage and collector distance; and a reduction of melt flow rate and spinneret size resulted in a decrease in the fibre diameter.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 6. Review of Literature: Meltblowing
Abstract
This chapter deals with the meltblowing process, which is generally used for the fabrication of microfibres. Meltblowing is a simple, versatile and one-step process for the production of materials in the micrometre and smaller scale directly from the polymer. The equipment used for meltblowing and the factors affecting the fibre diameter have also been discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, the properties of fibres fabricated by meltblowing is covered. Various approaches in meltblowing for the fabrication of nanofibres have been highlighted as well.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 7. Experimental: Meltblowing
Abstract
The nanofibres were fabricated by meltblowing by injecting various fluids at the vent port during extrusion. Then the nanofibres were investigated to understand their properties, hence, characterised by different techniques. This chapter deals with the materials used, equipment and the processing parameters applied during meltblowing experiments. The characterisation techniques include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential thermal calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical characterisation, which are discussed in this chapter.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 8. Results and Discussion: Meltblowing
Abstract
This chapter discusses the results and discussion of the experiments done on meltblowing to fabricate nanofibres and their characterisation. The use of various fluids such as air, nitrogen and water at the vent port of a melt extruder helped in the fabrication of nanofibres. The factors influencing the fibre diameter in meltblowing have been discussed. The results obtained from various characterisation techniques such as fibre morphology, thermal, crystalline and mechanical properties, and surface wettability are also discussed in this chapter.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 9. Conclusions: Meltblowing
Abstract
This chapter concludes the findings of the research that focused on the fabrication and characterisation of nanofibres of polypropyle (PP) by meltblowing. The use of pure polymers in meltblowing during the preliminary experiments, without any fluid injection resulted in the production of fibres with average diameters of several hundred micrometres. Subsequent results showed that nanofibres can be fabricated by meltblowing with the application of various fluids (air, nitrogen (N2) and water) into the vent port of commercial meltblowing equipment. The nanofibres showed variability in fibre diameter. Four types of meltblown PP fibres were observed in this study: circular, ribbon-shaped, fused and branched fibres.
Rajkishore Nayak
Chapter 10. Comparison of Results and Future Suggestions
Abstract
Two melt processes, such as: melt electrospinning and meltblowing were employed in this research for the fabrication of nanofibres from polypropylene polymers of different melt flow index (MFI). In melt electrospinning, the use of additives and in meltblowing, the use of various fluids helped in the fabrication of nanofibres. This chapter compares the fibres fabricated by melt electrospinning and meltblowing. Fibre morphology, structural and mechnaical properties have been compared. In addition, the mechanism of fibre formation and the role of polymer properties in the fibre formation process have also been discussed.
Rajkishore Nayak
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Polypropylene Nanofibers
Author
Ph.D. Rajkishore Nayak
Copyright Year
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-61458-8
Print ISBN
978-3-319-61457-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61458-8

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