Skip to main content
Top

2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

13. Populism and the Economics of Antitrust

Author : Aurelien Portuese

Published in: The Palgrave Handbook of Populism

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Economic populism is multi-faceted but includes, as one of its essential facets, antitrust populism which stands for the populist use of competition rules and enforcement for politically-motivated reasons. Why is antitrust important for the understanding of populism? Reversely, why is populism an unavoidable feature which helps us better understanding the development of antitrust enforcement in the US and also helps us shedding insightful lights onto the European competition practice? Delving into the intricacies of populism, economics and antitrust shall help us better grasp the important relationship, yet overlooked, between the populism and antitrust. In this Chapter, I will discuss the extent to which political and economic populisms are intertwined (I), and the extent to which the general characteristics of economic populism (II) are illustrated in the current antitrust populism (III). Then, I demonstrate the risks entailed by the revival of antitrust populism, particularly on institutional structures and weakening of internal checks. I finally assess the legitimacy of the relationship between unfair competition and trade (IV). Antitrust populism appears to have fundamentally shaped antitrust history and is predicted to persist in its influence in enforcing antitrust and in fueling general (economic) populism in societies.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Akkerman, A., Mudde, C., & Zaslove, A. (2013). How populist are the people? Measuring populist atittudes in voters. Comparative Political Studies, 47(9), 1324–1353. Akkerman, A., Mudde, C., & Zaslove, A. (2013). How populist are the people? Measuring populist atittudes in voters. Comparative Political Studies, 47(9), 1324–1353.
go back to reference Alber, J., & Standing, C. (2000). Social dumping, catch-up or convergence? Europe in a comparative global context. Journal of European Social Policy, 10(2), 99–119. Alber, J., & Standing, C. (2000). Social dumping, catch-up or convergence? Europe in a comparative global context. Journal of European Social Policy, 10(2), 99–119.
go back to reference Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Harvard University Press. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Harvard University Press.
go back to reference Bernaciak, M. (2012). Social dumping: Political catchphrase or a threat of labour standards? (Working Paper 2012/06), Brussels, ETUI. Bernaciak, M. (2012). Social dumping: Political catchphrase or a threat of labour standards? (Working Paper 2012/06), Brussels, ETUI.
go back to reference Bonikowski, B. (2016). Three lessons of contemporary populism in Europe and the United States. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 23 (Fall/Winter), 9–24. Bonikowski, B. (2016). Three lessons of contemporary populism in Europe and the United States. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 23 (Fall/Winter), 9–24.
go back to reference Cheng, I-H., & Hsiaw, A. (2017). Distrust in experts and the origins of disagreement (Tuck School of Business Working Paper No. 2864563). Cheng, I-H., & Hsiaw, A. (2017). Distrust in experts and the origins of disagreement (Tuck School of Business Working Paper No. 2864563).
go back to reference Cottier, T. (2018). Trade policy in the age of populism: Why the new bilateralism will not work (Brexit: The International Legal Implications, Paper No. 12—February 2018). Centre for International Governance Innovation. Cottier, T. (2018). Trade policy in the age of populism: Why the new bilateralism will not work (Brexit: The International Legal Implications, Paper No. 12—February 2018). Centre for International Governance Innovation.
go back to reference Crane, D. (2008). Technocracy and antitrust. Texas Law Review, 86, 1174–1177. Crane, D. (2008). Technocracy and antitrust. Texas Law Review, 86, 1174–1177.
go back to reference Crane, D. (2018). Antitrust’s unconventional politics. Virginia Law Review Online, 104, 118–135. Crane, D. (2018). Antitrust’s unconventional politics. Virginia Law Review Online, 104, 118–135.
go back to reference Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2018). National populism. Pelican Books. Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2018). National populism. Pelican Books.
go back to reference Eichengreen, B. (2018). The populist temptation. Oxford University Press. Eichengreen, B. (2018). The populist temptation. Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Elachardus, M., & Spruyt, B. (2016). Populism, persistent republicanism and declinism: An empirical analysis of populism as a thin ideology. Government and Opposition, 51(1), 111–133. Elachardus, M., & Spruyt, B. (2016). Populism, persistent republicanism and declinism: An empirical analysis of populism as a thin ideology. Government and Opposition, 51(1), 111–133.
go back to reference Elmslie, B., & Milberg, W. (1996). Free trade and social dumping: Lessons from the regulation of us interstate commerce. Challenge, 39(3) (May–June), 46–52. Elmslie, B., & Milberg, W. (1996). Free trade and social dumping: Lessons from the regulation of us interstate commerce. Challenge, 39(3) (May–June), 46–52.
go back to reference Fleschi, C. (2004). Fascism, populism and the French Fifth Republic: In the shadow of democracy. Palgrave. Fleschi, C. (2004). Fascism, populism and the French Fifth Republic: In the shadow of democracy. Palgrave.
go back to reference Geahigan, G. (1985). The elitist-populist controversy: A response to Ralph Smith. Studies in Art Education, 26(3), 178–180.CrossRef Geahigan, G. (1985). The elitist-populist controversy: A response to Ralph Smith. Studies in Art Education, 26(3), 178–180.CrossRef
go back to reference Gidron, N., & Bonikowski, B. (2014). Varieties of populism: Literature review and research agenda (Weatherhead Center Working Paper Series, 13–0004). Gidron, N., & Bonikowski, B. (2014). Varieties of populism: Literature review and research agenda (Weatherhead Center Working Paper Series, 13–0004).
go back to reference Giles, C. (2019, November 3). Economists among ‘least trusted professionals’ in UK. Financial Times. Giles, C. (2019, November 3). Economists among ‘least trusted professionals’ in UK. Financial Times.
go back to reference Hawkins, K. A. (2009). Is Chavez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040–1067. Hawkins, K. A. (2009). Is Chavez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040–1067.
go back to reference Hayward, J. (1996). Elitism, populism, and European politics. Clarendon Press. Hayward, J. (1996). Elitism, populism, and European politics. Clarendon Press.
go back to reference Hicks, J. D. (1961). The populist revolt. University of Nebraska Press. Hicks, J. D. (1961). The populist revolt. University of Nebraska Press.
go back to reference Hofstadter, R. (1962). Anti-intellectualism in American Life. Vintage Books. Hofstadter, R. (1962). Anti-intellectualism in American Life. Vintage Books.
go back to reference Hofstadter, R. (1966). Anti-intellectualism in American Life. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Hofstadter, R. (1966). Anti-intellectualism in American Life. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
go back to reference Iakhnis, E., Rathbun, B., Reifler, J., & Scotto, T. J. (2018). Populist referendum: Was ‘Brexit’ an expression of nativist and anti-elitist sentiment? Research & Politics, 5(2), 1–7. Iakhnis, E., Rathbun, B., Reifler, J., & Scotto, T. J. (2018). Populist referendum: Was ‘Brexit’ an expression of nativist and anti-elitist sentiment? Research & Politics, 5(2), 1–7.
go back to reference Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2016). Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash (Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series. RWP16–026). Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2016). Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash (Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series. RWP16–026).
go back to reference Ivaldi, G., & Mazzoleni, O. (2019). Economic populism and producerism: European right-wing populist parties in a transatlantic perspective. Populism, 2(1), 1–28. Ivaldi, G., & Mazzoleni, O. (2019). Economic populism and producerism: European right-wing populist parties in a transatlantic perspective. Populism, 2(1), 1–28.
go back to reference Jagers, J., & Walgrave, S. (2007). Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium. European Journal of Political Research, 46(3), 319–345.CrossRef Jagers, J., & Walgrave, S. (2007). Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties’ discourse in Belgium. European Journal of Political Research, 46(3), 319–345.CrossRef
go back to reference Judis, J. B. (2016). The populist explosion: How the great recession transformed American and European politics. Columbia Global Reports. Judis, J. B. (2016). The populist explosion: How the great recession transformed American and European politics. Columbia Global Reports.
go back to reference Kazin, M. (1995). The populist persuasion: An American history. Cornell University Press. Kazin, M. (1995). The populist persuasion: An American history. Cornell University Press.
go back to reference Khan, L. (2016). Amazon’s antitrust paradox. Yale Law Journal, 126, 710. Khan, L. (2016). Amazon’s antitrust paradox. Yale Law Journal, 126, 710.
go back to reference Khan, L. (2017). The ideological roots of America’s market power. Yale Law Journal Forum, 127, 960. Khan, L. (2017). The ideological roots of America’s market power. Yale Law Journal Forum, 127, 960.
go back to reference Khan, L. (2018). The new brandeis movement: America’s antimonopoly debate. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 9(3), 131–132. Khan, L. (2018). The new brandeis movement: America’s antimonopoly debate. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 9(3), 131–132.
go back to reference Khan, L. (2019a). The separation of platforms and commerce. Columbia Law Review, 119(4), 973–1098. Khan, L. (2019a). The separation of platforms and commerce. Columbia Law Review, 119(4), 973–1098.
go back to reference Khan, L. (2019b). Comment on Daniel A. Crane: A premature postmortem on the Chicago school of antitrust. Business History Review, 93, 777–779. Khan, L. (2019b). Comment on Daniel A. Crane: A premature postmortem on the Chicago school of antitrust. Business History Review, 93, 777–779.
go back to reference Khan, L., & Chopra, R. (2020). The case for ‘unfair methods of competition’ rulemaking. The University of Chicago Law Review, 87, 357–379. Khan, L., & Chopra, R. (2020). The case for ‘unfair methods of competition’ rulemaking. The University of Chicago Law Review, 87, 357–379.
go back to reference Khan, L., & Vaheesan, S. (2017). Market power and inequality: The antitrust counterrevolution and its discontents. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 11, 235. Khan, L., & Vaheesan, S. (2017). Market power and inequality: The antitrust counterrevolution and its discontents. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 11, 235.
go back to reference Kovacic, W. E. (2003). The modern evolution of U.S. competition policy enforcement norms. Antitrust Law Journal, 71(2), 378. Kovacic, W. E. (2003). The modern evolution of U.S. competition policy enforcement norms. Antitrust Law Journal, 71(2), 378.
go back to reference Krastev, I. (2007, September 18). The populist moment. Eurozine. Krastev, I. (2007, September 18). The populist moment. Eurozine.
go back to reference Laclau, E. (1977). Politics and ideology in Marxist Theory; capitalism—fascism–populism. Verso. Laclau, E. (1977). Politics and ideology in Marxist Theory; capitalism—fascism–populism. Verso.
go back to reference Lamberts, R. (2017, May 12). Distrust of experts happen when we forget they are human beings. The Conversation. Lamberts, R. (2017, May 12). Distrust of experts happen when we forget they are human beings. The Conversation.
go back to reference Lamp, N. (2018, December 3). How should we think about the winners and losers from globalization? Three narratives and their implicatons for the redesign of international economic agreements (Queen’s University Legal Research Paper, No. 2018–102). Lamp, N. (2018, December 3). How should we think about the winners and losers from globalization? Three narratives and their implicatons for the redesign of international economic agreements (Queen’s University Legal Research Paper, No. 2018–102).
go back to reference Lieberman, J. K. (1970). The tyranny of the experts: How professionals are closing the Open society. Walker. Lieberman, J. K. (1970). The tyranny of the experts: How professionals are closing the Open society. Walker.
go back to reference Lowndes, J. (2017). Populism in the United States. In C. R. Kaltwasser, P. Taggart, P. O. Espejo, & P. Ostiguy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of populism (pp. 232–247). Oxford University Press. Lowndes, J. (2017). Populism in the United States. In C. R. Kaltwasser, P. Taggart, P. O. Espejo, & P. Ostiguy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of populism (pp. 232–247). Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Meyer, T. (2019). The law and politics of socially inclusive trade. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019, 32–47. Meyer, T. (2019). The law and politics of socially inclusive trade. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019, 32–47.
go back to reference Mosley, H. (1995). The ‘social dumping’ threat of European integration: A critique. In B. Unger & F. van Waarden (Eds.), Convergence or diversity? Internationalization and economic policy response (pp. 182–199). Avebury. Mosley, H. (1995). The ‘social dumping’ threat of European integration: A critique. In B. Unger & F. van Waarden (Eds.), Convergence or diversity? Internationalization and economic policy response (pp. 182–199). Avebury.
go back to reference Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 542–563.CrossRef Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 542–563.CrossRef
go back to reference Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Mudde, C. (2007). Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Nichols, T. (2017). The death of expertise: The campaign against the established knowledge and why it matters. Oxford University Press. Nichols, T. (2017). The death of expertise: The campaign against the established knowledge and why it matters. Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Norris, P. (2019). Varieties of populist parties. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 45(9–10), 981–1012. Norris, P. (2019). Varieties of populist parties. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 45(9–10), 981–1012.
go back to reference Pappas, T. S. (2012). Populism emergent: A framework for analyzing its contexts, mechanics, and outcomes (Working Paper. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies). European University Institute. Pappas, T. S. (2012). Populism emergent: A framework for analyzing its contexts, mechanics, and outcomes (Working Paper. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies). European University Institute.
go back to reference Paul, J. R. (1994). Free trade, regulatory competition and the autonomous Market Fallacy. Columbia Journal of European Law, 1(1), 29–62. Paul, J. R. (1994). Free trade, regulatory competition and the autonomous Market Fallacy. Columbia Journal of European Law, 1(1), 29–62.
go back to reference Paul, J. R. (2015). The cost of free trade. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 22(1), 191–209. Paul, J. R. (2015). The cost of free trade. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 22(1), 191–209.
go back to reference Pettit, P. (2001). Capability and freedom: A defense of Sen. Economics and Philosophy, 17, 1–20.CrossRef Pettit, P. (2001). Capability and freedom: A defense of Sen. Economics and Philosophy, 17, 1–20.CrossRef
go back to reference Peters, M. A. (2017). The end of the neoliberal globalization and the rise of authoritarian populism. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(4), 323–325. Peters, M. A. (2017). The end of the neoliberal globalization and the rise of authoritarian populism. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(4), 323–325.
go back to reference Portuese, A. (2020). Beyond antitrust populism: Robust Antitrust. Journal of Economic Affairs, 40(2), 237–258. Portuese, A. (2020). Beyond antitrust populism: Robust Antitrust. Journal of Economic Affairs, 40(2), 237–258.
go back to reference Rodrik, D. (2018). Is populism necessarily bad economics? AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108, 196–199. Rodrik, D. (2018). Is populism necessarily bad economics? AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108, 196–199.
go back to reference Romer, P. (2020, March/April) The dismal kingdom. Do economists have too much power? Foreign Affairs. Romer, P. (2020, March/April) The dismal kingdom. Do economists have too much power? Foreign Affairs.
go back to reference Rosenblum, N. L. (2008). On the side of the angels: An appreciation of parties and partisanship. Princeton University Press. Rosenblum, N. L. (2008). On the side of the angels: An appreciation of parties and partisanship. Princeton University Press.
go back to reference Schrepel, T. (2019). Antitrust without romance. NYU Journal of Law & Liberty, 13, 326. Schrepel, T. (2019). Antitrust without romance. NYU Journal of Law & Liberty, 13, 326.
go back to reference Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and capabilities. North-Holland. Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and capabilities. North-Holland.
go back to reference Sen, A. (1992). Inequality reexamined. Sage and Harvard University Press Sen, A. (1992). Inequality reexamined. Sage and Harvard University Press
go back to reference Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Knopf. Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Knopf.
go back to reference Shaffer, G. (2019). Retooling trade agreements for social inclusion. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019, 1–44. Shaffer, G. (2019). Retooling trade agreements for social inclusion. University of Illinois Law Review, 2019, 1–44.
go back to reference Smith, R. A. (1981). Elitism versus populism: A question of quality. Art Education, 34(4), 5–6.CrossRef Smith, R. A. (1981). Elitism versus populism: A question of quality. Art Education, 34(4), 5–6.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, R. A. (1982). Elitism versus populism: The continuing debate. The Journal of Aesthetic Education, 16(1), 5–10. Smith, R. A. (1982). Elitism versus populism: The continuing debate. The Journal of Aesthetic Education, 16(1), 5–10.
go back to reference Stanley, B. (2008). The thin ideology of populism. Journal of Political Ideologies, 13(1), 95–110. Stanley, B. (2008). The thin ideology of populism. Journal of Political Ideologies, 13(1), 95–110.
go back to reference Vaheesan, S. (2014). The evolving populisms of antitrust. Nebraska Law Review, 93, 371–428. Vaheesan, S. (2014). The evolving populisms of antitrust. Nebraska Law Review, 93, 371–428.
go back to reference Wallace, T. (2019, November 22). Voters really have had enough of experts: Trust in economists has slumped since referendum. The Telegraph. Wallace, T. (2019, November 22). Voters really have had enough of experts: Trust in economists has slumped since referendum. The Telegraph.
go back to reference Williams, D. J. (2010). Political ontology and institutional design in Montesquieu and Rousseau. American Journal of Political Science, 54(2), 525–542. Williams, D. J. (2010). Political ontology and institutional design in Montesquieu and Rousseau. American Journal of Political Science, 54(2), 525–542.
go back to reference Woertz, E. (2017). Populism in Europe: From symptom to alternative? (Ed.) CIDOB Report #1, 2017; Woertz, E. (2017). Populism in Europe: From symptom to alternative? (Ed.) CIDOB Report #1, 2017;
go back to reference Wright, J. D., Dorsey, E., Klick, J., & Rybnicek, J. M. (2019). Requiem for a paradox: The dubious rise and inevitable fall of Hipster antitrust. Arizona State Law Journal, 51(1), 293–369. Wright, J. D., Dorsey, E., Klick, J., & Rybnicek, J. M. (2019). Requiem for a paradox: The dubious rise and inevitable fall of Hipster antitrust. Arizona State Law Journal, 51(1), 293–369.
go back to reference Wright, J. D., & Portuese, A. (2020). Antitrust populism: Towards a taxonomy. Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance, 13, 131–181. Wright, J. D., & Portuese, A. (2020). Antitrust populism: Towards a taxonomy. Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance, 13, 131–181.
go back to reference Wu, T. (2018a, November 10). Be afraid of economic ‘Bigness’. Be very afraid. The New York Times. Wu, T. (2018a, November 10). Be afraid of economic ‘Bigness’. Be very afraid. The New York Times.
go back to reference Wu, T. (2018b). The curse of bigness: Antitrust in the new gilded age. Columbia Global Reports. Wu, T. (2018b). The curse of bigness: Antitrust in the new gilded age. Columbia Global Reports.
Metadata
Title
Populism and the Economics of Antitrust
Author
Aurelien Portuese
Copyright Year
2022
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80803-7_13