Top

Interceram - International Ceramic Review

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the articles of this issue

Published in:

01-04-2022 | Research and Development

Porous Refractory Ceramics for High-Temperature Thermal Insulation - Part 2: The Technology Behind Energy Saving

Authors: Rafael Salomão, Katherine Oliveira, Leandro Fernandes, Paulo Tiba, Ulisses Prado

Published in: Interceram - International Ceramic Review | Issue 1/2022

Abstract

Abstract: Porous refractory ceramics combine the high thermomechanical and chemical resistances of oxide-based compounds with the low thermal conductivity and specific heat of porous materials. This two-part study is devoted to understanding and critically reviewing their outstanding behavior as thermal insulators for high-temperature industrial processes (200-2000 °C). The first part (Interceram, v. 70, n. 03, 2021, p. 38-45, "The Science Behind Energy Saving") provided a compilation of updated information on thermal energy consumption per area of human activity and examples of industrial processes that occur in each temperature range. This second part presents classification criteria for insulators established according to their thermomechanical properties, installation method, microstructure, and temperature at use, analyses of some important grades of porous insulators, and the most common causes of premature failure.

previous article Basic Guidelines for Prospecting and Technological Assessment of Clays for the Ceramic Industry. Part 2

To get access to this content you need the following product:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt 90 Tage mit der neuen Mini-Lizenz testen!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt 90 Tage mit der neuen Mini-Lizenz testen!

inform now

Interceram - International Ceramic Review

Interceram - Das internationale Fachmagazin für das gesamte Gebiet der keramischen sowie thematisch verwandter Technologien. Jetzt kostenlos testen!

inform now

[1]

Nettleship, I. Applications of porous ceramics (1996) Key Engineering Materials, (122-124), pp. 305-324.

[2]

Ohji, T., Fukushima, M. Macro-porous ceramics: Processing and properties (2012) International Materials Reviews, 57 (2), pp. 115-131. DOI: 10.1179/1743280411Y.0000000006

[3]

Hammel, E.C., Ighodaro, O.L.-R., Okoli, O.I. Processing and properties of advanced porous ceramics: An application based review (2014) Ceramics International, 40 (10), pp. 15351-15370. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.06.095

[4]

ASTM International. C168-19 Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation. West Conshohocken, PA; ASTM International, 2019.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/C0168-19

[5]

Salomão, R., Oliveira, K.S., Fernandes, L., Tiba, P., Prado, U.S. Porous refractory ceramics for high-temperature thermal insulation - Part 1: The science behind energy saving. (2021) Interceram: International Ceramic Review, 70 (3), pp. 38-45.

[6]

Litovsky, E., Shapiro, M., Shavit, A. Gas pressure and temperature dependences of thermal conductivity of porous ceramic materials: Part 2, refractories and ceramics with porosity exceeding 30% (1996) Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 79 (5), pp. 1366-1376. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08598.x

[7]

Braginsky, L., Shklover, V., Hofmann, H., Bowen, P. High-temperature thermal conductivity of porous Al ₂O ₃ nanostructures (2004) Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 70 (13), art. no. 134201, pp. 134201-1-134201-7. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.134201

[8]

Tychanicz-Kwiecień, M., Wilk, J., Gil, P. Review of high-temperature thermal insulation materials (2019) Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 33 (1), pp. 271-284. DOI: 10.2514/1.T5420

[9]

Horie, E. Ceramic fiber insulation theory and practice (1987) The Eibun Press Ltd, Osaka, Japan 25-87.

[10]

Spirina, V.S., Flerova, M.I. Expanded vermiculite as heat insulation material (1975) Refractories, 16 (3-4), pp. 201-203. DOI: 10.1007/BF01661229

[11]

Qin, M.L., Wang, X.T., Wang, Z.F., Ma, Y., Liu, H. Cordierite thermal insulation materials reinforced by aluminosilicate fiber/mullite whiskers hierarchical structure (2018) International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 15 (4), pp. 1047-1053. DOI: 10.1111/ijac.12867

[12]

Zheng, Q., Wang, W. Calcium silicate based high efficiency thermal insulation (2000) British Ceramic Transactions, 99 (4), pp. 187-190. DOI: 10.1179/096797800680929

[13]

Sousa, L.L., Souza, A.D.V., Fernandes, L., Arantes, V.L., Salomão, R. Development of densification-resistant castable porous structures from in situ mullite (2015) Ceramics International, 41 (8), art. no. 10407, pp. 9443-9454. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.328

[14]

Sousa, L.L., Salomão, R., Arantes, V.L. Development and characterization of porous moldable refractory structures of the alumina-mullite-quartz system (2017) Ceramics International, 43 (1), pp. 1362-1370. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.093

[15]

Zhou, W., Yan, W., Li, N., Li, Y., Dai, Y., Zhang, Z., Ma, S. Fabrication of mullite-corundum foamed ceramics for thermal insulation and effect of micro-pore-foaming agent on their properties (2019) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 785, pp. 1030-1037. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.212

[16]

Akhtar, F., Rehman, Y., Bergström, L. A study of the sintering of diatomaceous earth to produce porous ceramic monoliths with bimodal porosity and high strength (2010) Powder Technology, 201 (3), pp. 253-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.04.004

[17]

Yan, W., Chen, J., Li, N., Qiu, W., Wei, Y., Han, B. Preparation and characterization of porous MgO-Al ₂O ₃ refractory aggregates using an in-situ decomposition pore-forming technique (2015) Ceramics International, 41 (1), pp. 515-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.099

[18]

Salomão, R., Arruda, C.C., Pandolfelli, V.C., Fernandes, L. Designing high-temperature thermal insulators based on densification-resistant in situ porous spinel (2021) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 41 (4), pp. 2923-2937. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.014

[19]

Overhoff, A., Buhr, A., Grass, J., Wuthnow, H.M. New Microporous Materials (2005) Ceramic Forum International, 82 (8), pp. 1-5.

[20]

Salomão, R., Ferreira, V.L., Costa, L.M.M., de Oliveira, I.R. Effects of the initial CaO-Al2O3 ratio on the microstructure development and mechanical properties of porous calcium hexaluminate (2018) Ceramics International, 44 (2), pp. 2626-2631. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.010

[21]

Costa, L.M.M., Sakihama, J., Salomão, R. Characterization of porous calcium hexaluminate ceramics produced from calcined alumina and microspheres of Vaterite (μ-CaCO ₃) (2018) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 38 (15), pp. 5208-5218. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.07.034

[22]

Deng, Z.-Y., Fukasawa, T., Ando, M., Zhang, G.-J., Ohji, T. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Porous Alumina Ceramics Fabricated by the Decomposition of Aluminum Hydroxide (2001) Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 84 (11), pp. 2638-2644. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01065.x

[23]

Souza, A.D.V., Sousa, L.L., Fernandes, L., Cardoso, P.H.L., Salomão, R. Al ₂O ₃-Al(OH) ₃-Based castable porous structures (2015) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 35 (6), pp. 1943-1954. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.01.003

[24]

Toberer, E.S., Baranowski, L.L., Dames, C. Advances in thermal conductivity (2012) Annual Review of Materials Research, 42, pp. 179-209. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070511-155040.

[25]

Smith, D.S., Alzina, A., Bourret, J., Nait-Ali, B., Pennec, F., Tessier-Doyen, N., Otsu, K., Matsubara, H., Elser, P., Gonzenbach, U.T. Thermal conductivity of porous materials (2013) Journal of Materials Research, 28 (17), pp. 2260-2272. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2013.179

[26]

Sako, E.Y., Orsolini, H.D., Moreira, M., de Meo, C.E., Pelissari, P.I.B.G.B., Salvini, V.R., Pandolfelli, V.C. Review: Thermal ceramic coatings as energy saving alternatives for high temperature processes (2020) International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 17 (6), pp. 2492-2508. DOI: 10.1111/ijac.13606

[27]

Modest, M.F. Radiative heat transfer (2003) 2 ^nd Edition, Academic Press, USA 58-149.

[28]

Tritt, T. Thermal conductivity: theory, properties, and applications (2004) 1 ^st Edition, Kluwer Academic, New York, USA 80-156.

[29]

Rathakrishnan E. Elements of Heat Transfer (2012) 1 ^st Edition, Taylor & Francis Group, 45-91.

[30]

Le, V.T., Ha, N.S., Goo, N.S., Kim, J.Y. Insulation System Using High-Temperature Fibrous Insulation Materials (2019) Heat Transfer Engineering, 40 (17-18), pp. 1523-1538. DOI: 10.1080/01457632.2018.1474602

[31]

Nishikawa, A. Technology of monolithic refractories (1984) Plibrico Japan Company Limited, 183-289.

[32]

Surendranathan, A.O. An introduction to ceramics and refractories (2015) CRC Press, Boca Raton, 309-390.

[33]

Pirogov, Yu.A., Vishnevskii, I.I., Babkina, L.A., Aksel'rod, E.I. Thermal insulation gunited coatings of mullite-silica roll material (1985) Refractories, 26 (3-4), pp. 125-129. DOI: 10.1007/BF01387409

[34]

Levina, I.A., Kovalev, M.N. Use of mullite-silica material-base fiber thermal insulation in an electric vacuum furnace (1986) Refractories, 27 (11-12), pp. 702-704. DOI: 10.1007/BF01387233

[35]

Bol'shakova, N.V., Levina, I.A., Tsimberova, R.Yu. Possible application of mullite-silica fibrous materials for thermal insulation of vacuum electric furnaces (1987) Refractories, 28 (7-8), pp. 374-379. DOI: 10.1007/BF01400026

[36]

Van Garsel, D., Buhr, A., Gnauck, V. Long term high temperature stability of microporous calcium hexaluminate based insulating materials (1998) Proceedings of 42 ^nd International Colloquium on Refractories, Aachen, Germany 122-128.

[37]

Pimraksa, K., Chindaprasirt, P. Lightweight bricks made of diatomaceous earth, lime and gypsum (2009) Ceramics International, 35 (1), pp. 471-478. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.01.013

[38]

Ebert, H.-P., Hemberger, F. Intercomparison of thermal conductivity measurements on a calcium silicate insulation material (2011) International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50 (10), pp. 1838-1844. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.05.007

[39]

Shimizu, T., Matsuura, K., Furue, H., Matsuzak, K. Thermal conductivity of high porosity alumina refractory bricks made by a slurry gelation and foaming method (2013) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 33 (15-16), pp. 3429-3435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.07.001

[40]

Koronthalyova, O., Matiasovsky, P. Thermal Conductivity of Fibre Reinforced Porous Calcium Silicate Hydrate-based Composites (2003) Journal of Building Physics, 27 (1), pp. 71-89. DOI: 10.1177/1097196303027001005

[41]

Li, M., Chen, Y. Relation of density and thermal conductivity of micro-porous calcium silicate insulation material (2005) Kuei Suan Jen Hsueh Pao/ Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 33 (11), pp. 1414-1417.

[42]

Salvini, V.R., Luz, A.P., Pandolfelli, V.C. High temperature Al ₂O ₃-CA ₆ insulating foamed ceramics: Processing and properties (2012) InterCeram: International Ceramic Review, 61 (6), pp. 335-339.

[43]

Xu, L., Jiang, Y., Feng, J., Feng, J., Yue, C. Infrared-opacified Al ₂O ₃-SiO ₂ aerogel composites reinforced by SiC-coated mullite fibers for thermal insulations (2015) Ceramics International, 41 (1), pp. 437-442. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.088

[44]

De Wit, T., Lorenz, W., Pörzgen, D., Specht, M., Buhr, A. Innovative ceramic fiber free steel ladle pre-heaters at CORUS Steelworks IJmuiden (2001) Proceedings of 44 ^th Colloquium on Refractories, Aachen, Germany 108-112.

[45]

Tassot, P., Bachman, E., Johnson, R.C. Influence of reducing atmospheres on monolithic refractory linings for petrochemical service (2001) Proceedings of Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR'01) Cancun, Mexico 858-871.

[46]

Wuthnow, H., Pötschke, J., Buhr, A., Bosselmann, D., Gerharz, N., Golder, P., Grass, J. Experiences with microporous calcium hexaluminate insulating materials in steel reheating furnaces at Hoesch Hohenlimburg and Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG Bochum (2004) Proceeding of 47 ^th Colloquium on Refractories, Aachen, Germany 198-204.

[47]

Souza, A.D.V., Salomão, R. Evaluation of the porogenic behavior of aluminum hydroxide particles of different size distributions in castable high-alumina structures (2016) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 36 (3), pp. 885-897. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.11.019

[48]

de Mendonça Spera, N.C., Fernandes, L., Sakihama, J., Santos Martinatti, I., Tiba, P., Salomão, R. Designing Colloidal Silica-Bonded Porous Structures of In-situ Mullite for Thermal Insulation (2020) InterCeram: International Ceramic Review, 69 (4-5), pp. 54-63. DOI: 10.1007/s42411-020-0120-x

[49]

Peletskii, V.É., Shur, B.A. Experimental study of the thermal conductivity of heat insulation materials based on expanded vermiculite (2007) Refractories and Industrial Ceramics, 48 (5), pp. 356-358. DOI: 10.1007/s11148-007-0094-5

[50]

Escalera, E., Garcia, G., Terán, R., Tegman, R., Antti, M.-L., Odén, M. The production of porous brick material from diatomaceous earth and Brazil nut shell ash (2015) Construction and Building Materials, 98, pp. 257-264. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.003

[51]

Fukushima, M., Yoshizawa, Y.-I. Fabrication and morphology control of highly porous mullite thermal insulators prepared by gelation freezing route (2016) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 36 (12), pp. 2947-2953. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.09.041

[52]

Ge, S., Lin, L., Zhang, H., Bi, Y., Zheng, Y., Li, J., Deng, X., Zhang, S. Synthesis of hierarchically porous mullite ceramics with improved thermal insulation via foam-gelcasting combined with pore former addition (2018) Advances in Applied Ceramics, 117 (8), pp. 493-499. DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2018.1502065

[53]

[54]

Liu, H., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Ma, Y. Enhanced mechanical and thermal insulation properties of mullite-based thermal insulation materials by heat treatment in reducing atmosphere (2021) Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 57 (2), pp. 525-532. DOI: 10.1007/s41779-020-00551-4

[55]

Xiang, R., Li, Y., Li, S., Xue, Z., Wang, H. Insight into the corrosion failure of mullite thermal insulation materials in carbon monoxide (2021) International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, . DOI: 10.1111/ijac.13795

[56]

Tikhomirova, I.N., Makarov, A.V., Htet, Z.M. Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Expanded Vermiculite and Foamed Liquid Glass (2020) Refractories and Industrial Ceramics, 61 (4), pp. 451-455. DOI: 10.1007/s11148-020-00501-4

[57]

Innocentini, M.D.M., Salomão, R., Ribeiro, C., Cardoso, F.A., Pandolfelli, V.C., Rettore, R.P., Bittencourt, L.R.M. Permeability of fiber-containing refractory castables (2002) American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 81 (8), pp. 65-68.

[58]

de Oliveira, I.R., Leite, V.M.C., Lima, M.P.V.P., Salomão, R. Production of porous ceramic material using different sources of alumina and calcia (2015) Revista Materia, 20 (3), pp. 739-746. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-707620150003.0078

[59]

Salomão, R. Porogenic Behavior of Water in High-Alumina Castable Structures (2018) Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, art. no. 2876851, DOI: 10.1155/2018/2876851

[60]

Colombo, P. Conventional and novel processing methods for cellular ceramics (2006) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 364 (1838), pp. 109-124. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2005.1683

[61]

Tsubaki, T., Goto, Y. Relationship between fundamental properties and fiber content of heat insulators in the vermiculite-fibriform material-phosphate system (1989) Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, 38 (427), pp. 444-450. DOI: 10.2472/jsms.38.444

[62]

Salomão, R., Cardoso, P.H., Brandi, J. Gelcasting porous alumina beads of tailored shape and porosity (2014) Ceramics International, 40 (PB), pp. 16595-16601. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.08.017

[63]

Salomão, R., Poiani, A.J.B., Costa, L.M.M. Porous beads of in-situ calcium hexaluminate prepared by extrusion-dripping (2019) InterCeram: International Ceramic Review, 68 (3), pp. 40-49. DOI: 10.1007/s42411-019-0006-y

[64]

Salomão, R., Brandi, J. Filamentous alumina-chitosan porous structures produced by gelcasting (2013) Ceramics International, 39 (7), pp. 7751-7757. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.03.032

[65]

Salomão, R., Brandi, J. Macrostructures with hierarchical porosity produced from alumina-aluminum hydroxide-chitosan wet-spun fibers (2013) Ceramics International, 39 (7), pp. 8227-8235. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.04.007

[66]

Kockegey-Lorenz, R., Buhr, A., Racher, R.P. Industrial application experiences with microporous calcium hexaluminate insulating material SLA-92 (2005) Proceedings of 48 ^th International Colloquium on Refractories, Aachen, Germany 66-70.

[67]

Brooks, A.L., Shen, Z., Zhou, H. Development of a high-temperature inorganic synthetic foam with recycled fly-ash cenospheres for thermal insulation brick manufacturing (2020) Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, art. no. 118748. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118748

[68]

Lightweight Refractory Can Improve Kiln Insulation Performance and Fuel Efficiency. Interceram. - Int. Ceram. Rev. 69, 16-19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42411-020-0108-6

[69]

Vivaldini, D.O., Mourão, A.A.C., Salvini, V.R., Pandolfelli, V.C. Review: Fundamentals and materials for the microstructure design of high performance refractory thermal insulating (2014) Cerâmica, 60 (354), pp. 297-309. DOI: 10.1590/S0366-69132014000200021

[70]

Coquard, R., Baillis, D., Quenard, D. Experimental and theoretical study of the hot-wire method applied to low-density thermal insulators (2006) International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 49 (23-24), pp. 4511-4524. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.05.016

[71]

[72]

Park, S.-H. Types and Health Hazards of Fibrous Materials Used as Asbestos Substitutes (2018) Safety and Health at Work, 9 (3), pp. 360-364. DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.05.001

[73]

Coble, R.L., Kingery, W.D. Effect of Porosity on Physical Properties of Sintered Alumina (1956) Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 39 (11), pp. 377-385. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1956.tb15608.x

[74]

Salomão, R., Fernandes, L. Porous co-continuous mullite structures obtained from sintered aluminum hydroxide and synthetic amorphous silica (2017) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37 (8), pp. 2849-2856. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.03.017

[75]

Du, X., Zhao, L., He, X., Wang, X., Qu, W., Chen, H., Chen, H., Wang, J., Lei, Z. A novel method based on ultrastable foam and improved gelcasting for fabricating porous mullite ceramics with thermal insulation-mechanical property trade-off (2016) Journal of Porous Materials, 23 (2), pp. 381-388. DOI: 10.1007/s10934-015-0091-x

[76]

Wang, Z., Feng, P., Geng, P., Xu, C., Akhtar, F. Porous mullite thermal insulators from coal gangue fabricated by a starch-based foam gel-casting method (2017) Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 53 (2), pp. 287-291. DOI: 10.1007/s41779-017-0035-9

[77]

Borges, O.H., Santos, T., Jr, Salvini, V.R., Pandolfelli, V.C. CA6-based macroporous refractory thermal insulators containing mineralizing agents (2020) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 40 (15), pp. 6141-6148. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.07.011

[78]

Liu, H., Xiong, X., Li, M., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Ma, Y., Yuan, L. Fabrication and properties of mullite thermal insulation materials with in-situ synthesized mullite hollow whiskers (2020) Ceramics International, 46 (10), pp. 14474-14480. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.245

[79]

Zacherl, D., Schnabel, M., Buhr, A., Büchel, G., Kockegey-Lorenz, R., Dutton, J. Advantages of calcium hexaluminate in a corrosive environment (2011) Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition 2011, MS and T'11, 1, pp. 76-86.

[80]

Schlegel, E., Hölscher, T., Schneider, H.-J., Aneziris, C.G. Alkali salt corrosion of calcium silicate thermal insulation materials (2015) InterCeram: International Ceramic Review, 64 (4), pp. 188-192. DOI: 10.1007/bf03401121

[81]

Ordonez-Miranda, J., Alvarado-Gil, J.J. Effect of the pore shape on the thermal conductivity of porous media (2012) Journal of Materials Science, 47 (18), pp. 6733-6740. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-012-6616-7

[82]

Petrov, V.A. Combined radiation and conduction heat transfer in high temperature fiber thermal insulation (1997) International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 40 (9), pp. 2241-2247. DOI: 10.1016/S0017-9310(96)00242-6

[83]

Luz, A.P., Salomão, R., Bitencourt, C.S., Renda, C.G., Lucas, A.A., Aneziris, C.G., Pandolfelli, V.C. Thermosetting resins for carbon-containing refractories: Theoretical basis and novel insights (2020) Open Ceramics, 3, art. no. 100025, . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceram.2020.100025

[84]

Shmuradko, V.T., Panteleenko, F.I., Reut, O.P., Panteleenko, E.F., Kirshina, N.V. Composition, structure, and property formation of heat insulation fire- and heat-reflecting materials based on vermiculite for industrial power generation (2012) Refractories and Industrial Ceramics, 53 (4), pp. 254-258. DOI: 10.1007/s11148-012-9503-5

[85]

Suvorov, S.A., Skurikhin, V.V. Vermiculite - A promising material for high-temperature heat insulators (2003) Refractories and Industrial Ceramics, 44 (3), pp. 186-193. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026312619843

[86]

Saravanapavan, P., Hench, L.L. Mesoporous calcium silicate glasses. I. Synthesis (2003) Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 318 (1-2), pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01864-1

[87]

Nonat, A. The structure and stoichiometry of C-S-H (2004) Cement and Concrete Research, 34 (9), pp. 1521-1528. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.035

[88]

Xu, S., Lin, K., Wang, Z., Chang, J., Wang, L., Lu, J., Ning, C. Reconstruction of calvarial defect of rabbits using porous calcium silicate bioactive ceramics (2008) Biomaterials, 29 (17), pp. 2588-2596. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.013

[89]

Li, H., Chang, J. Stimulation of proangiogenesis by calcium silicate bioactive ceramic (2013) Acta Biomaterialia, 9 (2), pp. 5379-5389. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.019

[90]

Fujiwara, M., Shiokawa, K., Sakakura, I., Nakahara, Y. Silica hollow spheres with nano-macroholes like diatomaceous earth (2006) Nano Letters, 6 (12), pp. 2925-2928. DOI: 10.1021/nl062298i

[91]

Schneider, H., Schreuer, J., Hildmann, B. Structure and properties of mullite-A review (2008) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 28 (2), pp. 329-344. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.03.017

[92]

Fernandes, L., Salomão, R. Preparation and characterization of mullite-alumina structures formed "in situ" from calcined alumina and different grades of synthetic amorphous silica (2018) Materials Research, 21 (3), art. no. e20170783, DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2017-0783

[93]

Sepulveda, Pilar, dos Santos, Wilson N., Pandolfelli, Victor C., Bressiani, Jose C., Taylor, Roy Thermal conductivity of gelcast porous alumina (1999) American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 78 (2), pp. 61-66.

[94]

Salvini, V.R., Lasso, P.R.O., Luz, A.P., Pandolfelli, V.C. Nontoxic Processing of Reliable Macro-Porous Ceramics (2016) International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 13 (3), pp. 522-531. DOI: 10.1111/ijac.12521

[95]

Finhana, I.C., Machado, V.V.S., Santos, T., Jr., Borges, O.H., Salvini, V.R., Pandolfelli, V.C. Direct foaming of macroporous ceramics containing colloidal alumina (2021) Ceramics International, 47 (11), pp. 15237-15244. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.02.086

[96]

Noda, N. Thermal stresses in functionally graded materials (1999) Journal of Thermal Stresses, 22 (4-5), pp. 477-512. DOI: 10.1080/014957399280841

[97]

Naebe, M., Shirvanimoghaddam, K. Functionally graded materials: A review of fabrication and properties (2016) Applied Materials Today, 5, pp. 223-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2016.10.001

[98]

Costantini, M., Jaroszewicz, J., Kozoń, Ł., Szlązak, K., Święszkowski, W., Garstecki, P., Stubenrauch, C., Barbetta, A., Guzowski, J. 3D-Printing of Functionally Graded Porous Materials Using On-Demand Reconfigurable Microfluidics (2019) Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 58 (23), pp. 7620-7625. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900530

[99]

Chevalier, Y. New surfactants: New chemical functions and molecular architectures (2002) Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, 7 (1-2), pp. 3-11. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0294(02)00006-7

[100]

Sharma, R., Kamal, A., Abdinejad, M., Mahajan, R.K., Kraatz, H.-B. Advances in the synthesis, molecular architectures and potential applications of gemini surfactants (2017) Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 248, pp. 35-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.032

[101]

Huang, Y., Guo, M., Tan, J., Feng, S. Impact of Molecular Architecture on Surface Properties and Aqueous Stabilities of Silicone-Based Carboxylate Surfactants (2020) Langmuir, 36 (8), pp. 2023-2029. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03653

[102]

Zhou, W., Yan, W., Li, N., Li, Y., Schafföner, S., Dai, Y., Zhang, Z., Yuan, L. Fabrication, characterization and thermal-insulation modeling of foamed mullite-SiC ceramics (2020) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 829, art. no. 154523,. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154523

[103]

Bi, Z. Finite element analysis applications (2018) 1 ^st Edition, Academic Press, New York, 341-377.

Title: Porous Refractory Ceramics for High-Temperature Thermal Insulation - Part 2: The Technology Behind Energy Saving
Authors: Rafael Salomão
Katherine Oliveira
Leandro Fernandes
Paulo Tiba
Ulisses Prado
Publication date: 01-04-2022
Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Published in: Interceram - International Ceramic Review / Issue 1/2022
Print ISSN: 0020-5214
Electronic ISSN: 2523-8957
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42411-022-0483-2

Springer Professional

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the articles of this issue

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

To get access to this content you need the following product:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Interceram - International Ceramic Review

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Industries

Basic Guidelines for Prospecting and Technological Assessment of Clays for the Ceramic Industry. Part 2

Effects of the Use of Biocides on the Properties of Ceramic Products

Springer Professional

Sustainable Production

"Fresh Potential for Multilayer Structures"

Premium Partners