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2024 | Book

Practical Control of Electric Machines for EV/HEVs

Design, Analysis, and Implementation

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About this book

Upon the ongoing profound revolution in the automotive industry, this book is primarily intended to give guidance on the practical design of traction motor control for pure electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An overview of the state-of-the-art motor types is provided to help understanding the background of automotive motor drives and the EV/HEV motor control specifications. Using AC induction motor control as a benchmark example, it addresses the motor control techniques by means of design, analysis, examples with MATLAB scripts wherever applicable, and practical control software architecture diagrams. In particular, an extensive analysis and discussion are made on the widely used vector control method together with multiple optimization schemes. As such, it gives coverage of the electric traction control including dynamics, efficiency, and the high-speed power capability, taking into account the constraints of vehicle configuration and requirements. The vector control and optimization strategies presented in this book can be ported across to other AC motor types without losing much generality.

This book tries to bridge the gap between theory and practicality. Beginning with basic motor theory and completing the motor control design by introducing voltage source inverter (VSI) pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, it helps the reader take a step-by-step approach from understanding fundamental motor characteristics through to practical design of in-depth motor control strategies.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Driven by the environmental concerns, it is now commonly acknowledged that conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles will gradually phase out and be vastly replaced by electrified vehicles. In order to boost this transition, many countries have strengthened their policy support covering from the development of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs) down to their deployment into the market. This has become an ongoing profound revolution in the car industry, not only because of the transition of technologies and the reshuffling of the downstream powertrain supply chains, but also due to many more niche competitors joining this race. It can be predicted that the future of the car industry will be very much reshaped in the coming dozens of years if not shorter. In this chapter, commercial candidates of HEV/EV traction motors are reviewed. Selection criteria of motor drive technologies for automotive applications are summarized.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 2. Equivalent Circuit Modelling and Analysis
Abstract
In this chapter, an equivalent circuit model is derived for analysis of the torque-slip characteristics and efficiency of induction machines. This model is not intended for transient dynamic analysis. A more representative model for dynamic analysis will be developed in the next chapter.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 3. Rotating Frame Modelling and Analysis
Abstract
In this chapter a reference frame that rotates at the same speed of the rotor flux is applied to setup a model for induction machines. The system behaviour at the rotating frame is more like DC motors, but the model is still sufficient to capture the dynamic performance. The system steady-state performance is also analyzed.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 4. Induction Machine Dynamics Analysis
Abstract
This chapter presents the root locus of the induction machine model with the associated damping ratio when the parameters of frequency \(f_s\), slip s, stator resistance \(R_s\) and rotor resistance \(R_r\) are varying. The analysis indicates the fast and slow modes of the induction machine dynamics. Investigation is conducted on how these fast and slow modes are coupled and how the coupling affects the system dynamic performance. Furthermore, it is also discovered in this chapter that the steady-state equivalent circuit model has incorrect dynamic characteristics, and subsequently improvement is presented.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 5. Scalar Torque Control
Abstract
This chapter is to illustrate the method that uses the constant Volts Herts (V/F) and the slip speed to control the ACIM torque. It is known as the scalar torque control. This technique can achieve satisfactory torque accuracy, but it usually comes with slow dynamic response.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 6. Vector Torque Control
Abstract
This chapter presents the well-known vector control approach to control the ACIM torque accurately and dynamically. Various control strategies as well as their performances are analyzed and discussed in this chapter, which aims to give guidelines on designing machine control.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 7. Flux-Weakening Control
Abstract
Flux-weakening is essential for high speed electric machine control. Various flux-weakening approaches are analyzed and discussed in this chapter. Also, the I-limit, V-limit, Q-limit, \(\varPsi \)-limit, and T-limit are introduced. These limits play a critical part in the flux-weakening strategy design.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 8. Rotor Field Oriented Control and Senseless Control
Abstract
This chapter presents the direct rotor field oriented control. The core of the flux oriented control is the estimation of the relevant ACIM parameters, including the rotor flux, rotor resistance and rotor inductance. The speed sensorless control of ACIMs is also introduced in this chapter.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Chapter 9. Inverter PWM Control
Abstract
This section elaborates the pulse width modulation (PWM) control methods of voltage source inverters (VSIs). The Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), Third harmoic injection PWM (THIPWM) and space vector PWM (SVPWM) are discussed and compared.
Shuiwen Shen, Qiong-zhong Chen
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Practical Control of Electric Machines for EV/HEVs
Authors
Shuiwen Shen
Qiong-zhong Chen
Copyright Year
2024
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-38161-4
Print ISBN
978-3-031-38160-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38161-4

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