Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation

In the present investigation, HR E-34 steel sheets are welded by resistance spot welding. The welding current, welding cycle, and pressure are the principal variables that are controlled in order to provide the necessary combination of heat and pressure to form the weld. The effect of various parameters on weld strength of Hot Rolled E-34 material is determined by using Minitab 16 software and using design of experiment. Response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design) is chosen to design the experiments. The highly significant factor was determined by analysis of variance. In the analysis, it was observed that predicted and experimental results were in good agreement and the coefficient of determination was found to be 0.967 and 0.955 for tensile strength and nugget diameter implies adequacy of derived model. The aim of the research is to find out improvement in welds strength and also reduces various welding defects.

Hypersonic missiles unite the speed of ballistic missiles together with the precision and maneuverability of cruise missiles. By cruising at hypersonic speed in the atmosphere, the blunt nose of missile encounters large surface heating and a great amount of drag. This drag force can be reduced by employing a structure known as aerospike. This spike is connected in front of the body that changes the flow field and influences aerodynamic drag at hypersonic speeds. In the current paper, the performance of conical aerospike for various L/D (Length to Diameter) ratios is examined by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The CFD analysis is executed to analyze the effect of drag, lift, and pitching moment coefficient onto the blunt body with and without implementation of an aerospike. However, the addition of a conical aerospike in front of the blunt body has an advantage for the reduction in drag subjected to the angle of attack, but increase in pitching moment has to be taken into consideration.

Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites possess lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, good fatigues resistance and good corrosion resistance and are proven successful substitutes over traditional reinforcement methods. Due to the increasing demand of alternative materials in the industry, an in-depth research in the machining of GFRP is found necessary. Turning is the most practical machining operation for removing excess material to produce a well-defined and high-quality surface, and this study has used a glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite as material for the experimentation. In this study, a Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was used for the experimental design. The turning parameters, such as tool nose radius, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut at three levels, were optimized with multiple performance considerations, such as force, material removal rate and surface roughness. Grey-Taguchi method enables the determination of the optimal combination of turning parameters for multiple process responses. Based on the analyses, the optimal cutting force, surface roughness and material removal rate were achieved, with the tool nose radius 1.2 mm, cutting speed 200 m/min, feed rate 0.05 mm/rev and depth of cut 1 mm (A3B3C1D2) for lesser cutting force and improved surface finish.

The main objective of the paper is to study the vibrational analysis of a single-point cutting tool by varying the materials and nose radius. In this work, simulation-based experiments were performed through finite element analysis done by using ANSYS Workbench 18.2 software. Three different tool materials such as high-speed steel (HSS), stainless steel (SS) and cubic boron nitride (CBN) along with three tool nose radius such as 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm have been selected as a significant process parameters affecting the performance of machining process. Cutting tool 3D model is prepared by taking existing cutting tool dimensions. Simulation is carried out in ANSYS 18.2 for suitable permutation and combination of material and nose radius for evaluating respective frequency. The results of the total deformation and frequency obtained through ANSYS software were further analyzed by using design of experiments on Minitab software, thereby generating a regression equation and resulting graphs were obtained.

The material handling equipments are an integral part of any industry, whatever maybe the size of the industry. The material handling equipment industry offers a variety of products depending upon the particular requirements in the industry. This paper mentions the designing of a two-wheeled forklift having a lifting capacity of 4000 lbs. (1814.37 kg) up to a height of 7 m. This forklift has an overall length of 1.7 m so as to comfortably maneuver in narrow aisle space of less than 2.1 m. The possible design of forklift in the narrow aisle is obtained with the application of an innovative mechanical counterbalancing mechanism.

Design and analysis of press tool for piercing and extrusion operation of an automobile part is carried out in this endeavor. This paper deals about press tool to be used in sheet metal extrusion process which consists of forming an integral collar around the periphery of hole in a sheet metal part on a single stroke. The design and material selection of piercing and extrusion press tool elements is finalized by ensuring standard press tool die design approach and analysis methods. Autodesk Inventor, AutoCAD software has been used for modeling and detailing. Solid works software is adopted as a reference to analyze the feasibility of the proposed processes.

Wind turbine is one of the booming technologies to generate optimum electricity from renewable source at a most economical cost; the extraction of energy in the present era is already established and further enhanced to improve its efficiency. Coaxial wind turbine is a great rise in the technology of the wind rotor motors when trying to obtain additional power of a unit and, therefore, the most practical use of the kinetic energy of the wind of an equivalent air flow that operates the standard turbine. The concept to which this is often analogous to is the composition of the turbine. The main objective of the paper is to employ the concept of capitalization in turbine technology to obtain as much potential energy from an equivalent current. The objective is to further expand the generation of energy per unit, and this assembly accepts other structural benefits, such as a better dynamic balance and noise suppression.

The hot-rolled low-carbon (IS 1079 HR 2) steel is widely used material in automobile industry. Joining of metal for different parts is done by GMAW. Process parameter greatly affects the welded joint strength. This paper presents the case study to investigate the ongoing MIG welding process carried out by industrial firm in its welding protocol, by suggesting alternative effective method to achieve better strength with improved process parameters. These suggestions are achieved by investigating parameters like welding voltage, current, and shielding gas. Research is designed by Taguchi method to get required data and further analyzed by S/N ratio with interaction plot. The optimum process parameters 150 A, 30 V, and 25 L/min gas flow rate are suggested. This research also suggests that Taguchi method has successfully improved the existing welding protocol of the firm.

Belt conveyors are a critical part which plays an important role in the mining, processing, and transportation of coal in thermal power plant. It is necessary that the conveyor system must operate maximum efficiency without any major breakdown. The project consists of an implementation of sensor, hardware and software platform which measures temperature and noise level of each bearing of roller with frame number and generates the report cum warning system and live video output of maintenance carried by robot in controlling computer. The implementation of robot with real-time online condition monitoring of roller in conveyor system of thermal power plant will reduce the overall maintenance cost of thermal power plant and it will also save the man power and improve the safety which requires during maintenance personnel.

An effort was made to design and analyse triple deduction helical gearbox housing. To start with, the investigations were carried out to examine and interpret the structural performance of gearbox casing. After surveying literature, it was found that majorities of companies nowadays are facing problems of total weight and strength of their existing gearbox. Thus, design and analysis of gearbox cover have evolved a prominent field of exploration to diminish the failures and for optimal model. Hence, modal analysis, vibration analysis, harmonic analysis and response spectrum analysis were performed for existing helical gearbox casing (structural steel A36) and modified design (high carbon steel and structural steel A36) to predict behaviour of gearbox casing subjected to respective loading and no loading conditions. From design and analysis perspective, lastly it was safely concluded that, modified design having material high carbon steel is best suited as compared to existing model in regard to resilience, weight, vibrations, durability, material and cost.

The present study deals with the evaluating the performance of liquid and gas separation cyclone separator with the pleated filter. The study is carried out by comparing the results from experimental and theoretical processes. The parameters of comparison are the pressure, velocity and the flow rate. After the evaluation, comparison of the various parameters and their effects on the performance would be studied. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of filter on the performance of cyclone separator. The cyclone separator is studied using an experimental set-up which contains vacuum pump connected at the outlet and a mixing tank connected at the inlet of cyclone separator.

Roll bending or roll forming is one of the metal forming processes used in manufacturing industries. Various products having cylindrical, conical or elliptical profiles are manufactured using roller bending process. Trial and error method is generally used to achieve desired curvature or shape of final products. Prediction of top roller displacement of three-roller bending machine in downward direction to obtain desired radius of curvature is utmost concern. A generalized mathematical model is developed using dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis is simplest tool for mathematical modeling when relationship among variables is unknown. Dimensional analysis is used to make the independent and dependent variables dimensionless and to get dimensionless equation. Multiple regression analysis is applied to this dimensionless equation to obtain the index values based on the least square method. Developed model is validated with experimental data and root mean square error between computed and estimated values are calculated.

Since last few decades, people have been highly reliable on conventional deep fat fried products due to their unique texture–flavor combination. However, they are least aware about the harmful effects of consuming these products. When any food product is fried in an open atmosphere and at high-temperature condition (160–170 °C), a carcinogenic substance acrylamide is produced. With too much of emphasis given on awareness of health in today’s generation, vacuum frying is the key to most of the health-related problems. Horizontal vacuum frying machine is available in market, but due to its low productivity and higher processing cost, it is not economical to use. The purpose of this research paper is to compare the conventional less-productive horizontal vacuum frying machine with more productive vertical vacuum frying machine. This paper includes the design and manufacturing of vertical vacuum frying machine along with different inner chamber configurations and working mechanisms.

All the vehicles need to be equipped with a safety device because for safety of the driver and passenger. The sole purpose of the project is to focus on a very important aspect of the vehicle which is the impact attenuator. This project deals with building of crash-protective device for an FSAE car. The rules for the following state that the mounted device on the car device must absorb enough energy such that the driver walks away without sustaining any serious injuries and also damage to the frame is minimized. After completing an extensive research on previously done designs and physics of a collision, preliminary design concepts were formulated. These designs were further compared against each other based on the rules which are being put up by the FSAE community. The specimen was further analysed using an explicit dynamic analysis software, and the results obtained were post-processed for the evaluation. Manufacturing of the product was done using some advanced manufacturing techniques like vacuum bagging, autoclave which would eventually save the cost and time and provide better finish to the product. After the software analysis part was done and after manufacturing the product, physical experiments were conducted which used the same set-up as that of software. At last, the software and the physical experiment set-up were compared and hence concluded.

Non-uniform flow caused due to a vortex in the pump intake is considered undesirable for highly efficient and low maintenance operation. Sometime due to improper design or complex flow condition, this problem becomes unavoidable. Hence, there is a need to characterize such condition. Performing experiment is not feasible on conventional setup; hence, experiments with scale models have been done to assess the performance of the pump. Such tests are expensive and time consuming and thus there is a need of alternative computation fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. By referring to some of the benchmark experimental results [1], we have analyzed the performance of different turbulent models available with fluent 15.0 for steady state and transient state single-phase operation. Results of k−ω, LES (Large eddy simulation), and DES (Detached eddy simulation) models have been generated and compared with the benchmark result [1].

Growth of any additive manufacturing technology always depends on the market, make, metrology and material. Fused deposition modelling technology which mostly uses thermoplastic feedstock in filament form has gain large market since it developed. However, a demand for developing new material for FDM process to make its applications in metal printing has always been there. The operation of FDM is similar to extrusion process where the filament above the liquefier acts as the plunger and filament in the liquefier acts as the billet to be extruded. Many efforts have been made to develop the FDM process for low-melting point solder materials. It is difficult to handle the high-melting point metal having dendritic microstructure in semi-solid range. Thixo-extrusion process gives us the ability to extrude the metal in mushy like thermoplastics. In this work, the process for preparation of aluminium alloy feedstock having non-dendritic micro-structure has been presented. And the liquefier for semi-solid extrusion of aluminium alloy filament has been designed referring conventional FDM liquefier.

This paper includes the comparison of equivalent stress values and total deformation in Maruti Eeco wheel rim by finite element method. In this work, the rim is disc wheel category (Akbulut in Finite elements in analysis and design. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 433–443, 2003 [1]; Bhavikutti and Ramkrushnana in CAS. Pergamon Press Ltd, pp. 397–401, 1980 [2]). CAD modelling of disc wheel rim was done using SolidWorks software, whereas static structural analysis of disc wheel rim was done using FEM software (ANSYS 15.0). Static structural analysis is carried out for tyre inflation pressure, bearing load and bending moment condition. First, the dimensions of the existing Maruti Eeco car rim are obtained using reverse engineering approach. Modelling is done using SolidWorks, and analysis is done using ANSYS software. After that, new modified design is created based on the material reduction approach so that total weight will reduce substantially to increase the fuel economy (mileage) of the car and to improve the tractive effort of the vehicle without compromising its strength and stability (Sunil Kumar Nakka in Int J Res Eng Technol. 2016 [3]; Chia-Lung Chang in Eng Fail Anal. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 1711–1719, 2009 [4]). The analysis is done for three different materials, namely structural steel, aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy, respectively, and results are compared for different boundary conditions. By analysing the results, suitable material rim design is proposed which gives optimum results based on strength, weight, cost and durability criteria.

In several engineering applications, heat dissipation is an important factor which if not taken care of might result in high-thermal stresses and mechanical failures. The amount of heat dissipated depends on the heat transfer coefficient and surface area which can be increased by the use of extended surfaces, i.e., fins. Thermal analysis of three fins, namely rectangular, inclined non-uniform perforated, twin extension, is performed. The models were designed in Creo 4.0 and the analysis was carried out using ANSYS 15.0. The fins were analyzed for forced convection. The fins were compared on the basis of non-dimensional Nusselt number (Nu) and Reynolds number (Re), which proved that twin extension fin was the most effective among all the three. It was followed by inclined non-uniform perforated fin.

Mango is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruits of the world and is popular both in fresh and the processed forms. It is called as king of fruits on account of its nutritive value, taste, and attractive fragrance. India is the largest producer of mangoes. ‘Alphonso’ is one of the best-rated mangoes in the world, which is cultivated in Konkan region of Maharashtra. Mango being a highly perishable fruit, it is necessary to perform various post-harvest processes like de-sapping, cleaning, washing, hot water treatment, hydro-cooling, sorting/grading, and packing to improve its shelf life and as well as quality. But it becomes difficult for farmers to carry out various post-harvest processes in farm due to limited quantity of mangoes and have to depend on other agencies like middleman/intermediaries to carry out these processes. In this paper, an attempt is made to design a small-capacity mango process plant which is cost-effective and affordable for small farmer.

The data analysis is key parameter in the process optimization. The large data are generated while processes are under consideration. The e-commerce, finance accounting, industrial process planning, industrial production planning, labor planning, inventory planning, etc., are the few names of the sectors and need large data handling for required and/or targeting the final endues and/or services. The different mathematical tools have been used such as AHP, MAHP, WPM, PROMETHEE, VIKOR, Games theory, and curve fitting. However, curve fitting has been used for many industrial applications for the processes planning, inventory planning, labor resources planning, etc. Depending on the data form and ability of researcher, the different curves or lines are used for formulation of the mathematical function. These functions could be straight-line function, second-order polynomial function, third-order polynomial functions, logarithmic, exponential function, etc. This paper discusses the curve fitting technique for the US oil export payday from 1991 to 2016 and declination angle evaluation for a year. The data obtained are fitted with the fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-order polynomial curve. It is observed that the R2 for these curves is 0.97, 0.99, and 1, respectively. However, the predicated values of the parameters deviate significantly.

Waste collection workers are prone to occupational hazards compared to other industrial workers. Out of the various workers engaged in waste collection tasks, waste-loading workers are more susceptible to injuries. Posture analysis and method study are conducted among waste-loading workers. The posture assessment is carried out by RULA and REBA. The assessment carried out in this work pointed out the need for immediate change in the working posture of these workers. Hence, there is a definite need for the development of engineering intervention for these workers. In developing countries, low-cost tools and lifting aids will have better acceptance.

The leak-proof performance of ferrule is the long-standing problem for the industries. This paper proposed a systematic approach to achieve an adequate sealing condition of bite ferrule fitting by finite element analysis of swaging. The principle of contact pressure and bite of ferrule along the leak paths, also known as leak path methodology (LPM) are used for sealing. The ANSYS workbench with explicit dynamics is used for analysis with leak path methodology and validated the result by leak test and burst test experiments. The paper discussed the effect of the swaging action on the fitting. Also, identify the essential requirement to improve the performance of the ferrule at the actual operating condition. This study does not consider the effect of temperature and compatibility with different fluids on the performance of fitting. The proposed approach for swaging process reduced the dependency of experimental validation for the new or modified component. The study defines the new way of determining the seal criteria of ferrule tube fitting using finite element analysis and validates with the help of traditional experimentation.

In today’s era, there is a massive demand for E-commerce business, which is governed by the mechanism of packaging, forwarding, and transportation. The chests are commonly used in E-commerce business to transport and deliver fruits and vegetables to consumers. The present chests have not considered aesthetic and ergonomic consideration at the time of design. Due to which, some fatigue has developed in delivery person at the time of chest handling. This study aims to optimize the chest geometry for the maximum storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables and also to reduce fatigue developed in delivery person. The cost, space, and material are the factors considered in the optimization of chest geometry. The methodology includes literature survey, market research, and comparative study to optimize the chest geometry. The competitive geometries of the chest are compared based on shape, stackability, strength, ease of manufacturing, manufacturing cost, and percentage storage utilization and identified the optimal chest geometry.

Casting process enables the economical manufacture of products with intricate geometry to near net shape. Almost all metals and alloys are produced from liquids by solidification. The objective of the study is to find the impact of pouring temperature and chill thickness on aluminum–silicon (LM6) castings. The casting parameters such as pouring temperature and external mild steel and copper chills are considered for the experimental work. The simulation has been done using AutoCAST-X1 software to identify the hot spot and locate the shrinkage defect. The experimentation has been conducted with no chill, mild steel chills and copper chills with varying thicknesses. In this work, an attempt has been made to obtain the rapid cooling rate of aluminum–silicon (LM6) castings using external chills. It is observed that the chill has a significant effect on the properties of the castings. The design of the experiment has been set up, and experiments were conducted as per the full factorial array. Castings are made by controlling the casting process parameters at three different levels. The regression models of ultimate tensile strength and hardness have been developed with predictors. The better mechanical properties were obtained by controlling pouring temperature and the application of external chills.

Composite laminates such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) are attractive for many applications such as aerospace and aircraft structural components due to their superior properties. CNC drilling is the major operation which is performed on CFRP for joining these kinds of materials, due to its poor weldability. But, the major problem associated with CNC drilling of CFRP is the delamination effect which not only degrades the quality of the product but also reduces the fatigue life of the material. However, as delamination effect decreases, the material removal rate also decreases. Therefore, this work deals with the multiobjective optimization of drilling parameters in machining of CFRP considering delamination effect and material removal rate as the responses. In this work, the process parameters considered are speed, feed rate, and diameter of the drill bit. The Taguchi design of experiment was used for obtaining the setting. Out of the entire orthogonal array, L27 orthogonal array was used for the experimental setting. The delamination effect was obtained and calculated by scanning electron microscopy. Further, the fuzzy logic was applied, and the combined effects of both the responses were obtained which is called multiresponse index. The application of fuzzy logic gave an improvement of about 21% in multiresponse index.

This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of recyclable jute fiber, without chemical treatment and applied compression load on the Recycled Jute fiber layers to be in uniform and unidirectional. To evaluate its the mechanical properties, weights of 5, 10, 15, and 20 g were taken and added to epoxy and hardener—ratio kept constant for all specimens. Specimens were prepared by hand layup technique and were cut using a manual hacksaw frame with subsequent filing to avoid sharp and uneven notches. Testing was undertaken in order to evaluate the following mechanical characteristics: tensile properties, three-point flexural strength, compression using a computerized UTM (Inston 3369).

Drilling is one of the key machining operations in the hole creation processes. Compared with the machining processes, such as milling, turning, the drilling operation is largely used in the composite materials processing. Delamination is a critical problem found during drilling operation. It causes structural reliability and poor assembly tolerance as well as the potential for long-term performance decline. As a result, drilling of any material requires dimensional stability and interface quality. This study involves drilling operation in a GFRP composite material. It has selected and used the feed-forward back propagation as the algorithm with trainglm, learngdm, MSE and transig as the training, learning, performance and transfer functions, respectively. Four input parameters were taken as four nodes in the input layer and thrust force and delamination as two nodes in the output layer. 4-9-2-2 neural network structure for composite material helped in the best way to compare actual values and an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model for thrust force and delamination in drilling operation. ANN gives very good performance for the delamination factor and the cutting force.

Nickel titanium (commonly known as nitinol) is an alloy of nickel and titanium and is a nearly equiatomic alloy of nickel and titanium which exhibits two unique and closely related properties: shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity (also known as superelasticity). First discovered in 1959, these properties of nitinol have been exhaustively exploited in a multitude of applications in the robotics, aerospace, automotive, telecommunications and biomedical industries. Considering the fact that biocompatibility and biofunctionality are the primary attributes that a material must possess to qualify for use in the biomedical implant industry, nitinol is a premier choice. In this paper, in conjunction with the previously used orthopaedic implants, the design and advantages of the bone staple are discussed. A review of past and present materials used for manufacture of bone staples follows with a review of the methods available for manufacture of nitinol. This paper concludes that until a material possessing more biofunctionality and biocompatibility is discovered, nitinol is an ideal material for manufacture of bone staples.

In today’s time, when there is cutting edge competition, this kind of research will prove to help in many fields. A simple adhesive tape was used to achieve such a massive breakthrough in physics. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon having a two-dimensional structure. It exhibits excellent mechanical and electronic properties. Owing to its exceptional physical, it has received a tremendous attention and research interest. This material can be used to tackle the continuous device scaling and performance requirement. Having a honeycomb lattice structure and being densely packed, this one-atom-thick material has gained a lot of recognition over past few years. This article will mainly focus on the developing technologies by the use of graphene.

This paper investigated experimentally the wear analysis of PTFE and its fillers of different weight percentage by using Pin-on-disc test rig. In this experiment, the parameter used is sliding distance, sliding speed, load, time, etc. The load is the most influencing factor on wear. It is analysed by using mini tab R14 software. From the experimental investigation, it is revealed that PTFE containing 35% Carbon is the low wear rate than the other PTFE-filled materials.

Polyaniline-vanadium pentoxide (PANI-V2O5) nanocomposites have been synthesized via hydrothermal autoclave polymerization approach in acidic environment. The synthesis has not only stabilized the bulk morphology but has also improved the electronic conductivity due to the presence of doped polyaniline (PANI). This property is an important criterion for any material to be used as an electrode. The synthesized material is characterized by using FTIR, XRD and four-probe method, and the particle size is revealed by optical microscopy. It has been observed that the band gap value of nanocomposites has increased. This is attributed to increase in the concentration of metal oxides in nanocomposites. The results acquired are encouraging and presents themselves as a base for future advancements in energy storage applications.

Benzoxazine (BZ) is novel class of thermoset polymers exhibiting tailor-made properties in a wide range of structural applications especially in aerospace industries. When BZ is used as hybrid resin in composite preparation, it offers attractive mechanical properties. An attempt was made with combination of DGEBA epoxy resin and an aromatic diamine hardener with different weight proportions of BZ 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% reinforced with PAN-based carbon fabric, in order to study the mechanical characteristics. The weight proportions of BZ enhanced the properties of tensile strength, Flexural strength and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) due to strong interfacial adhesion between fabric and hybrid resin system. The studies reveal that 4% of BZ-reinforced composites possess better properties than those of the reference neat epoxy–amine matrix and other weight percentages of composites. In this study, the mechanical, thermal properties of the hybrid were compared with reference epoxy–amine matrix composite. Optical microscope images ascertain the existence of homogeneous distribution of benzoxazine in the composites. The Glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) technique reveals lowering of Tg in hybrid due to off-stoichiometry by the incorporation of BZ. However, post-curing of the composite enhanced both mechanical and thermal properties.

Palladium-doped zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized by a microwave-assisted chemical method. The structural and morphological characteristics were studied from X-ray diffractogram and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The Pd–ZnO nanostructure film sensor was prepared by screen-printing technique. The sensors were tested for gas-sensing properties for NH3, H2S, CO2, LPG and ethanol and compared with undoped sample. The Pd-doped zinc oxide showed highest response to LPG.

Nowaday’s Natural Fiber Composites owing importance because of biodegradability, lightweight and strength, etc. This investigation proposed to identify the moisture absorption of natural jute fiber composites. The samples were prepared with epoxy and hardener taken constant in 10:1 ratio; fiber content increased to 5, 10, 15, and 20 g, respectively. The absorption test was initially conducted in distilled water, and then, different chemical compositions prepared with pellets of Hcl, NaCl, and NaOH in 100 ml were investigated.

Advancement of nanotechnology played a crucial role in improving efficiency in many sectors of engineering and refrigeration is not an exception. Metal oxide such as Al2O3 is a most commonly used nanoparticle. Present study scrutinizes domestic refrigerator’s performance using nanofluids. Different methods to prepare nanofluid were investigated, which indicated ultrasonic probe method was most effective and faster. Four distinct configurations of heat transfer fluid were tested, which includes three nanoparticle concentrations in POE oil and one with pure POE oil. Concentrations investigated were as follows, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2% of Al2O3 nanoparticle; however, 0.1% Al203 nanoparticle concentration was found to give superior performance in all. COP of system was improved by 17.27% and energy consumption was reduced by 32.48%. The whole study was carried out without any additional component to domestic refrigerator test rig. COP improvement and energy consumption reduction conveys future scope of more compact and energy efficient refrigeration system.

In order to achieve reduction in machining cost and increase in productivity in machining processes, optimization of cutting conditions involving cutting speed, feed per tooth and radial depth of cut is very critical. In this study, optimization of cutting parameters with various performance characters that rely on the grey relational analysis with Taguchi method is performed in order to obtain minimum surface roughness and maximum material removal rate during dry end-milling process. The experiments were conducted on Inconel 825 material using carbide inserts, with physical vapour deposition and TiAlN coating. Sixteen experiments were conducted, based on the design of experiments with three factors constituting four levels each. The surface measurement was done using Talysurf. The optimal parameters achieved are cutting speed of 55 m/min, feed per tooth of 0.09 mm/tooth and the radial depth of cut, 1.2 mm. The analysis of grey relational grade indicated that the radial depth of cut is the more influential parameter, followed by the feed rate.

This study has attempted to optimize the machining parameters, when conducting the dry-turning operation of Inconel 825 work piece by utilizing two types of coated carbide inserts, such as physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The cutting parameters were 4 in number, namely speed of cut, rate of feed, depth of cut and coating of the tool, and the response parameters included roughness of the machined surface and the rate of material removal. Grey relation analysis coupled with Taguchi was used for optimization. The optimum cutting parameters, which resulted in the maximization of rate of material removal and efficacious finish of the surface, were cutting speed = 140 m/min, feed rate = 0.075 mm/rev and depth of cut = 0.3 mm, using CVD-coated carbide insert. However, a direct proportionality is observed between the roughness of the surface and the feed in the range of 0.075–0.15 mm/rev and has an inflated value, when using PVD-coated insert as compared to CVD-coated insert. Further, it can be noted that the material removal rate obtained is more with the CVD-coated insert as compared to PVD-coated insert.

This article involves a review and analysis of the current study and progress work in the machining of the nickel-based super alloy. The review focuses on producing a perception into the machining of nickel-based super alloy and points out higher capability for further explorations and alterations in the field of nickel-based super alloy. Machining is one of the most crucial and vastly used manufacturing processes. Of late, due to entanglement and unreliability of the machining processes, soft computing techniques are being deployed to create physics-based models for forecasting the performance of the machining processes and optimizing them. The proposed hypothesized work is aimed at the investigation of the relationship between input cutting parameters and tool geometry parameters like feed per tooth, cutting speed, radial depth of cut, and various key aspects of surface integrity, such as residual stress, micro-hardness, and surface roughness, while end milling of Inconel 625, nickel-based super alloy.

In high-pressure die-casting process, molten metal is forced under high pressure into a mold cavity; the most commonly used metals are alloys of aluminum, zinc, magnesium, and copper–brass. Nowadays, squeeze pin application is one of the popular ways of reducing the shrinkage porosity in high-pressure die-casting components. Squeeze pins can be used to compensate for shrinkage defects in these components. The main reason for the formation of shrinkage porosity at the critical location of given component is large and poorly fed hot spot. In this paper shrinkage porosity of casting reduced from level III to level I by determining optimum values squeeze pin parameters by DOE and flow simulation, obtained results are implemented in order to test and verify effectiveness of the method. An excellent agreement is indicated for the simulation result and the experimental results.

This article focuses on optimization of cutting parameters during the turning of hardened AISI 4140 alloy steel using with TiAlN–TiN, PVD-coated, tungsten carbide insert. The Analysis of Variance and Taguchi’s technique are used for analysis. The three levels of feed, speed, and depth of cut are selected. A L9 orthogonal array is selected based on Taguchi’s design of experiments (DoE), and the experimental investigation is carried out. The performance measures, cutting forces, and tool-chip interface temperature are analyzed by signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Analysis of variance is used to determine the most contributing factor, which shows that cutting speed is the most prominent parameter contributing by 62.71%, cutting speed by 7.04%, and depth of cut by 19.78%.

Machine vision systems have proven their potential of effectively inspecting objects under consideration for surface and dimensional defects using various texture analysis techniques. However, current use of machine vision systems in industry is broadly limited to acceptance or rejection of product based on its quality. Their potential of providing complete solution to quality is not completely explored and utilized. Hence their exist opportunities for utilizing machine vision systems not only for inspection, but going one step ahead and using it for quality control. The information extracted by machine vision systems, over the period, can be analysed for monitoring production processes and detecting out-of-control signals. This paper provides a review of the attempts made by various researchers in the direction of integrating machine vision techniques with statistical quality control methods for providing vision based solution for quality control.

In the global competition, it is vital for any organization to minimize the cost of manufacturing or services and at the same time maintain the quality of process. Facility layout problem (FLP) is an important consideration to reduce the material-handling cost and thus improve the productivity. Optimal design and arrangement of facilities have a significant effect on the overall production cost and manufacturing lead time. In this work, the existing process type layout is studied and its transportation cost is determined. The tool SLP (systematic layout planning) is used to propose a new improved layout. As a part of research work, the existing facility layout of IWAI electronics, which is a speaker manufacturing industry, has been studied. The important parameter considered to improve the layout is the relationship between the departments. Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) was used analytically to investigate the total closeness rating (TCR) for the existing layout. The TCR helps to reposition the departments according to their relationship and closeness ranking. A new layout is then proposed which reduced the material-handling cost by 11.63%.

Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles technology have shown a very big rise in the recent times. One of the main reasons is less cost, tropical deforestation and advancement in remote sensing technology. Artificial intelligence will become an integral part of unmanned aerial vehicles and can be used for various applications. Incorporation of such intelligence in a practical system is the need of hour. The aim of this paper is to embed artificial intelligence in drones using image processing. Intelligent drones are now the requirement of many fields right from courier delivery to defence, surveillance and rescue. Face-recognition system is proposed which is based on dataset creation, training and recognizer. Implementation of face-recognition system shows acceptable results. We have created an artificial intelligence which is capable of doing face recognition and incorporated it with an UAV.

Small- and medium-scale industries, residential buildings and offices are usually using split air conditioners for comfort of people and sometimes for storing of hygroscopic materials. Air-conditioning units are desired to have more energy efficiency, low cost and reliable operation. The installer would be using a length of pipe which is convenient to him between indoor and outdoor units. However, 50% of installations are too far away from the manufacturers stipulated length. As per industry sales trends, more and more people are going for split AC than window AC. Even some reputed builders in metropolitan cities are providing concealed copper pipes for fitting split AC, and no provision for window AC fitting. This theoretical analysis is trying to assess the power consumption of split air conditioner depending on the distance between condenser and evaporator units. The installation aspects of the air-conditioning system must be considered to improve the efficiency. The length of the pipe connecting indoor and outdoor units affects the power consumption to a large extent. The results showed that there is almost 40% increase in power consumption for a pipe length of 30.48 m (100 ft).

With the increase in market demand and to meet the requirements of customer, it is very difficult for any factory to achieve its target with full efficiency to make a product with a number of small assemblies we need material planning and we need to ensure that the flow of material on production line is uninterrupted. In this paper, I have simulated material arrival using Monte Carlo simulation, which can predict future arrival of material. By using predicted data, we can manage future irregularities in arrival of material.

New technologies are developed every day in the field of manufacturing for better product accuracy, better quality, improved tolerances, etc. Subtractive manufacturing is gradually becoming obsolete due to new non-conventional methods being introduced. Rapid prototyping is one such method in which we can obtain physical models rapidly. Various researches have been done in this field ever since it was discovered back in the late 1900s. This paper tries to overview some of those recent advances in the field of rapid prototyping.

This paper summarizes activities around the world in the field of stamping machine condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnosis, in the form of research, development, and application of various tools and techniques. Restricting itself to CM of stamping machine, this paper initially discusses the necessity of condition monitoring, tonnage signature, acoustic signature, vibration signature, and thermal signature as health indicators. Afterward, the acoustic signal is utilized to monitor blanking operation as it is considered most cost-effective and convenient. The acoustic signal power spectral density (PSD) is used to detect variation of sheet thickness. Sheet thickness variation is one of the unavoidable faults associated with the blanking. The paper provides a comprehensive survey of the work done on stamping process CM, expresses the importance of CM and use of CM, fault diagnosis for performance study of the stamping process.

This paper underlines use of discrete-event simulation to increase throughput of a manufacturing facility. The literature survey shows brief information about the recent work done by the various researchers in application of discrete-event simulation in manufacturing industries. The methodology followed while doing study is a stepwise procedure of a simulation study. A case study shows the way to solve the problems in manufacturing by using discrete-event simulation. Alternate possible scenarios are compared, and best scenario is selected as a solution of the problem.

In the revolutionary age of technology and emergence of global markets, where the customers demand for quality products at a cheaper price, manufacturing sectors need to constantly accelerate their productivity processes by adopting various industrial engineering techniques and lean manufacturing methods. 5S methodology is the foundation step of lean manufacturing system. The domino effects of adopting 5S methodology are organized work areas, standardization, easy sorting of materials, and higher efficiency by reducing waste. The other aspect, time and motion study, helps us to escalate from actual work rate to optimal work rate by keeping in mind the worker’s psychology. Time and motion study helps us to understand the problem of low productivity and rectify it. It results in cost minimization, elimination of unessential processes, safe working conditions, and conducive work environment. One of the main challenges, in adopting these methods, is application of these methods by the operational team on a daily basis. A systematic combination of the above methods gives the manufacturer a high productivity in the longer run and an edge over his competitors.

Decision-based maintenance support system is a predictive maintenance management technique that considers the repair or replacement decision to be performed based on the abnormal condition of the expensive heavy earth moving machinery. It stipulates for executing the maintenance based on the condition or performance of the equipment, whereas preventive maintenance is maintenance performed on an item to prevent failure. Condition maintenance helps to detect the hidden faults even when mining equipment is in operation. Performance of the equipment also gets better as overall equipment efficiency improves due to reduction in the small stoppages and finally the improved utilization of the equipment results into better total production. Intelligent system based on CBM techniques has been used to reduce the workshop inventory, breakdown and maintenance time and therefore performs a major role to improve the equipment performance and productivity.

The number of automobiles is rising and so is the amount of end-of-life vehicles in India. With an estimated count of 2,18,95,439 end-of-life vehicles by 2025, the amount of heterogeneous waste in the form of automotive shredder residue is also grave. This paper discusses recycling, and management of end-of-life vehicles. It also discusses automotive shredder residue characteristics. The paper thus focuses on the possibility of pyrolysis as a viable solution to the problem of automotive shredder residue treatment.

Abrasive jet machine (AJM) uses air jet velocity for to guide abrasive particle and to erode material of workpiece. Amount of material removed depends on various process parameters such as nozzle bore diameter, operating pressure, standoff distance, etc. While drilling micro hole it is very kin to get required amount of bore diameter on workpiece. For such condition it is very important to observe kerf taper. This paper gives us brief review about recent work done by various researchers regarding effect of process parameters on output i.e. hole diameter and also mention value to keep for process parameter to get better result. Experiments were conducted using experimental setup and drilling was performed and results are discussed.

There is an increase in demand for industrial systems to be more competitive to expand their product reach and streamline their supply chain processes. The vision of sustainable supply chain is becoming reality as rapid advancements are happening in digital technologies. With the emerging fourth industrial revolution industry 4.0, the supply chain environment is compactly interconnected with the devices, equipment, and human that allows accessing and analyzing the real-time information. Based on the literature survey, a framework model with main perspectives and performance factors are developed to assess the sustainability of an automotive organization. Importance of performance factors and their relations are analyzed through DEMATEL technique. The result shows that Internet of Things and environment-friendly practices are the two major influential performance factors in order to become a more sustainable organization to meet industry 4.0 requirements.

The concept of green supply chain management looks renewed concept and attracted a lot of interest in the context of current manufacturing practices worldwide. The core attempt is to find an optimum path between industrialization and conservational protection. The initial phase in completing this task is to reconsider the basic form of supplier assessment in supply chain and correspondingly include the environmental worries related with reduction of waste and use of other natural resources. The purpose of this study was to detect the traditional and green supplier evaluation criteria taken together, which are considered vital across the plastic products manufacturing MSMEs in India. The study employed a combined traditional and green supplier selection model, using AHP and fuzzy AHP approaches. In this study, eight main criteria and 40 sub-criteria were used for supplier selection. Results show that the plastic manufacturing companies focus more on cost, quality, and environmental manufacturing management as part of traditional and green supplier selection criteria in selection of supplier.

This study is an attempt to contribute to the empirical investigations related to the impact of green supply chain management practices (GSCM) on business performance in SME manufacturing industries in Western part of India. A comprehensive GSCM performance model was proposed, which considers government initiatives as the mediating variable to increase GSCM practices in small- and medium-sized industries. A survey questionnaire was developed to capture the GSCM practices and their implications on environmental, economic, and organizational performance. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the survey instrument deployed. Even as most researchers so far have reported that adoption of GSCM practices leads to better business performance, this study concludes that though the SMEs in India are aware of GSCM practices, it is still in its infancy stage and has, thus, reported a mediocre response to business performance.

For the successful operation of an autonomous unmanned vehicle, also known as AUV, it is imperative to have an apt design of its hull and other components such as seals and housings to prevent all possible failures due to increasing atmospheric pressure at greater depths below sea level. Thus, each phase, right from the design to the termination phase, involves a series of crucial steps. These steps are sequentially arranged by implementing a mathematical model known as Markov chains. Based on heuristic and experimental data, we analyzed the reliability of the seals used in the propulsion module of the vehicle, by assigning transition probabilities to each step whether recurring, non-recurring, or terminating. The proposed model consists of a total of seven states. These states are then plotted in a square matrix also known as the “distribution matrix”. Successive iterations are then obtained based on an initial probability vector. This quantitative analysis of the iterations explores the pattern in which the entire procedure unfolds with time and predicts the success rate and the risk involved in the process when the system attains a steady-state vector.

Transportation services are crucial for any supply chain as these services deliver raw and intermediate materials to manufacturers and deliver finished goods to retailers and end customers. The present work focuses on the freight transportation adopted by an Indian food grain supply chain. The problem can be considered as a single-source multiple-destination distribution-allocation problem. Three penalty factors have been introduced to quantitatively represent the risk of incurrence of demurrage cost, to match time of supply and release of food grains and to maintain uniform capacity utilization throughout the network of depots. A multi-objective model is formulated with an objective to minimize these penalty factors. The model is solved using elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II)-based heuristic. The solutions obtained prove the fast-converging nature of NSGA II algorithm.

In this paper, a six-DOF three-wheeler is modeled and the dynamic response of the three-wheeler is measured when the vehicle is moving on bump, random, sinusoidal road profiles, by using ADAMS–MATLAB Simulink co-simulation. An active suspension system is developed by applying PID control strategy to this model. The ride comfort of the three wheeler with active suspension system is compared with that of passive suspension system. It has been found that the ride comfort has been improved by applying PID control strategy.

The process of abrasive machining that produces a precision surface on a work piece by scrubbing an abrasive stone on it is called as honing. The hone is made up of abrasive grains bounded together with an adhesive. It is used for surface finishing outer surface of the inner race and the inner surface of the outer race of taper roller bearings. It is bound to wear and tear. The honing stone is then manually adjusted so that the abrasive surface comes in contact with the material to be machined. Hence, the machine has to be stopped and the operator needs to adjust the stone accordingly. The stopping, adjusting, and restarting of the machine increase the idle time of the machine. Automate process will decrease the idle time and increase the productivity.

The key factor involved in the proper functioning of brake system of a vehicle with dual master cylinder is brake biasing. In order to accomplish this, a bias bar with spherical bearing is used to set correct biasing of the hydraulic system which is actuated with single brake pedal. We have done the practical simulation of bias bar system in our BAJA SAE vehicle by using a self-designed DAQ system to measure the pedal effort and the corresponding brake pressure. The optimal position of the bias bar is experimentally validated based on the various positions of the spherical bearing in the pedal housing to obtain locking of all wheels using minimal pedal effort by using real-time data values.

The simulation is formulated using Genetic Algorithm (GA) for Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) tuning. The algorithm makes use of the force balance equations to construct the fundamental model for CVT in MATLAB which uses the GA to optimize the parameters for the required output from CVT. The parameters involved for better optimization are the flyweight mass, primary and secondary spring stiffness and primary and secondary cam profiles. The output obtained from the simulation software is then compared to the experimental testing results for validation. The simulation results provide minimal error rate with respect to the engagement and shifting speeds and the results also occur in the constant RPM most of the times.

The supplier selection has a significant impact on the manufacturing industries. Selecting the best green supplier among many alternatives is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This research aims to survey current green activities in supplier selection in India and to evaluate best green supplier. Various environment factors affecting in the manufacturing sectors are considered in this study. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) based on Chang’s extent analysis, is utilized in order to select best green supplier. The data from pairwise evaluation of all criterions are given in triangular fuzzy numbers. The uncertainties of decision problem can be dealt with, and a more effective decision can be reached. A case study is conducted to illustrate the utilization of the model for the green supplier selection problem.

In case an automobile body moving with a high velocity crashes into a fixed rigid wall, the frontal section of the automotive body will be deformed and it will absorb a lot of energy due to the impact. Hence, there comes a need to select the material for an automotive body, such that, it will protect the occupant in the car during such an incident. In this paper, a car model representing an automotive body is modelled in the three-dimensional modelling software SOLIDWORKS. Furthermore, ANSYS workbench is used for mesh generation and FEM analysis of the three-dimensional geometric model. Aluminium alloy and structural steel are the materials considered for the automotive body. The automotive body is crashed into the fixed rigid wall at a velocity of 35 mph, and the impact energy is calculated based on stresses on the automotive body and Young’s Modulus for the materials used. The results are plotted and analysed.

In this paper, it is discussed about the condition monitoring of rolling element bearing as a preventive measure taken so as to do preventive maintenance of bearing. By conducting condition monitoring, it provides us with the present condition of bearing. To do so “Acoustic analysis method” is used, where the acoustic data of bearing is collected on a real-time basis using sensors MAX4466 and MAX9812 with the help of NI-DAQ 9008 and Arduino UNO microcontroller. The acoustic data of the bearing is collected at various shaft speeds by the use of variable speed motor. FFT analysis method is used for the real-time acoustic data analysis by means of LabVIEW software. This paper also focuses on the application of sound pressure and vibration signals to detect the presence of defect in rolling element bearing using acoustic data analysis method and statistical method using kurtosis value analysis.

The study is the effort to analyze the parameters that cause artificial flood in urban areas. Artificial flood is considered a major problem that a place affected by it faces, as it hampers day-to-day life and creates a lot health hazards among aged people and children. The paper tries to contribute in the field of computation by considering the factors which result in an artificial flood. A timed transition automaton is used to depict the behavior of different states over time when there is a heavy rainfall keeping in mind, the rate of cleansing velocity along with it.