Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering

The Cot Girek Palm Oil Mill (POM) Unit of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara-1 adheres to high-quality standards in order to meet the company’s objectives. According to the study’s findings, there is still many data on the quality levels of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) that exceed the upper limit of the standards set, such as in 2019, the average free fatty acid (FFA) content of 3.59%, moisture content of 0.26%, average free fatty acid (FFA) content of 3.65%, and moisture content of 0.27% in 2020. Meanwhile, CPO impurity levels remain within the company’s control limits. The purpose of this study is to prioritize actions to increase CPO quality. According to the findings of this study, the raw material of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) containing free fatty acids and high moisture content with an RPN value of 504 is one of the elements that reduce CPO quality levels. Furthermore, the equipment at the continuous clarifier station, pure oil tank, oil purifier, and vacuum dryer do not operate efficiently, preventing them from effectively separating water, impurity, and CPO with an RPN value of 448.

Virtual manufacturing gained momentum from the emerging technology of information. With the current infrastructure, it is possible to start the concept for Polytechnic both as education tools and productions. In this study, the current resources in 2 workshops are simulated by Tecnomatix in manufacturing 4 products simultaneously. Those products (Plant Stander, Coffee Mixture Machine, Cassava Peeler and Analog Rice Machine) differ by the number of parts. The result is that each day these 2 workshops could produced 78 Plant Standers, 9 Coffee Mixture Machines, 6 Cassava Peelers and 9 Analog Rice Machines. It is also planned that the data could be gathered in real time by the installation of cameras from the layouts of workshops.

Titanium Ti-Al-Nb is titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy which is commonly used in biomedical applications. However, because this is a difficult-to-cut material, cutting conditions and parameters must be thoroughly investigated in order to ensure component quality. Because minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been identified as a technologically possible strategy for improving the machinability of particular titanium alloys, the objective of this study is to compare the effects of MQL on the hole quality and tool vibration of titanium Ti-6Al-7Nb with the dry cutting condition. Drilling experiments were conducted to assess hole quality and vibration when drilling Titanium bar using carbide coated drills. The obtained findings show that MQL improves hole quality, resulting in better surface holes and reduced titanium burr formation under the MQL condition. Furthermore, tool vibration may be decreased under all tool wear and cutting parameter conditions.

The decline in the selling value of Gayo Arabica coffee produced by farmers in Bener Meriah Regency indicates that there has been a phenomenon of price stability disturbance. One of the reasons is related to the quality standards of the coffee produced. elements in handling in every process of activity starting from the cultivation process to post-harvest carried out will cause risk events that can worsen the quality of gayo arabica coffee produced, it is necessary to map the existing system so that it can identify risk events that arise. The method used in this study is the House of Risk (HOR). This HOR method serves to analyze and prioritize the sources of risk causes (risk agents) and establish priority risk mitigation strategies that can reduce risk agents. By mitigating risks in the Gayo Arabica coffee supply chain, it is expected to reduce existing risks and the supply chain can run optimally. Based on this study, analyzing the supply chain using the HOR method, there were 32 risk events and 46 risk agents grouped into 31 risk agents. Using HOR I method, it measures the severity of risk events, occurrences of risk agents, and produces an Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) value where 28 risk agents are prioritized to be resolved where the three risk agents whose priority is to be reduced are the mistakes of collectors in the technical quality control process (A12), poor planning from farmers (A31), and poor quality green bean packaging (A18).HOR II produces 14 mitigation strategies and 8 mitigation strategies are prioritized based on the value of effectiveness and level of difficulty. The three priority mitigation strategies are compiling and establishing SOPs for Gayo Arabica coffee cultivation which is integrated with current coffee plantation technology (PA11), collaborating with fertilizer and packaging companies (PA09), and providing quality control training to conduct quality assessments in accordance with SNI standard (PA06).

Solar-powered dryers are still expensive and difficult to obtain for farmers with medium to low production capacity. For this reason, it is necessary to develop technology on a solar-powered dryer with a solar panel capacity of 200WP is equipped with a maximum power point tracker as an integrated solar collector with a photovoltaic system. The system in this solar-powered dryer consists of a solar panel tracker, a rotating aluminum cylinder net, a photovoltaic tracker, a battery bank, a microcontroller, and a DC/AC inverter. This system improves the performance of solar panels in the drying process of Moringa leaves. This design is expect to be the right system to ensure maximum results by providing solar radiation energy in the drying process of agricultural products. The aims goal to minimize problems in the drying of agricultural products experienced by farmers using an automatic dual-energy solar-powered dryer as a development innovation for the drying process. This study uses an experimental methodology and field data collection using a solar-powered dryer that has been analyzed and measured to obtain data comparisons. shows the maximum data of voltage and power response in positioning photovoltaic to produce the increased output power of photovoltaic array. Maximum application of powerpoint tracker on microcontroller based dual energy solar powered dryer on solar panels for drying moringa leaves produces the advantage of maximum energy absorption in solar panels and shortens the time in the drying process of moringa leaves.

Research on thermoelectric as a power generator known as a thermoelectric generator (TEG) shows a positive trend. The current constraint is the relatively low efficiency, especially if it is used to absorb direct sunlight energy. To increase the output power of TEG, it is endeavored to increase the temperature of the hot side by placing the absorber plate on the hot side so that the temperature difference between the hot and cold side (ΔT) will also increase. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of the increase in electrical energy generated from the TEG module using several variations of absorber plates such as aluminum, iron, and copper compared to without absorber plates. The results showed that the intensity of solar radiation greatly affects the temperature difference obtained from both sides of the TEG module so that it can produce an increase in the difference in output power voltage and efficiency. The power and efficiency of Copper, Iron, Aluminum and without plates were obtained: 0.0023 W and 1.831 %, 0.0019 W and 1.301 %, 0.0004 W and 0.628 %, and 7.14 × 10−5 W and 0.1014 %. It can be seen that there is an increase in output power using Al, Fe, and Cu plates by 5.6, 26.6, and 32.2 times, respectively, and an increase in efficiency by 6.2, 12.8, and 18.1 times.

Currently, the development of spark ignition engine technology leads to energy-efficient and low-emission vehicle policies, which is indicated by programs, such as the Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) program, Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Vehicle (HV), and vehicles with alternative fuels. The direction of these policies is due to the declining availability of fossil energy and the issue of global climate change. Furthermore, various efforts have been taken to resolve this problem. To realize energy-efficient vehicles, the development of spark ignition engine currently leads to the achievement of AFR stoichiometry (14.67). This allows the vehicle to operate with optimal power and good fuel economy. However, further improvement can be made by carefully analyzing the power requirements and fuel control. Therefore, this study offers a new method to improve fuel economy based on driver behavior aspects, which was applied by integrating steering operations (the driver’s behavior while operating the steering) and fuel control. The steering operation was designed with 3 clusters, namely the low, medium, and high. Similarly, vehicle speed was designed with 3 clusters, namely low, medium, and high., The fuel mode was designed based on the input steering operation, vehicle speed, and fuzzy logic. The simulation results were in the form of fuel modes, such as economizer and stoichiometry. The economizer regulates the AFR fuel in the lean mixture (15.4), while the stoichiometry adjusts the AFR at the ideal mixture (14.67), respectively. Therefore, the fuel economy was realized when the steering operation and vehicle speed were both in the low cluster. Based on the simulation, it was concluded that the technology application designed, has a very high potential of being applied in real vehicles to assist in realizing energy-efficient vehicles.

The study try to solve the general problems in the inventory to maximize some variables in the inventory system with the hybrid methods to get the fitting data then polynomial model was applied to create the model. The data is simulated from the generate dataset, then it uses the algorithm of hybrid Artificial Neural Networks and Analytical Hierarchy Process (ANN-AHP). Moreover, fifth polynomial model is applied. The results shown that the model contribute the maximum revenue from some variables in the inventory system.The analysis demonstrated that the result from optimization method start to implement in to the real company. The analysis demonstrated that the result from optimization method start to implement in to the real company This is good for warehouse manager to maximize the profit when managing the inventory system. The paper provides a critical perspective on the minimize the risk through maximization the inventory’s variables when managing the inventory system. The result, the fifth polynomial mathematical model g(x) =  − f(x) =  − 0.00078*x5 + 0.027*x4 − 0.33*x3 + 1.7*x2 − 2.4*x + 27. With the result profit is $.5070.

Karo Regency is one of the coffee producing areas in North Sumatra. In 2015–2019, the total annual coffee production in Karo district was 4,808, 5,270, 6,877, 7,379, and 7,402 tons. Coffee growth in Karo has increased by around 648.25 tons/year. However, the growth of coffee in Karo is not supported by good coffee management. After making observations at 3 collectors, the researchers found a problem, namely the poor flow of information between farmers and collectors, namely the absence of quality standardization in determining prices, so that coffee prices were not uniform and varied. For this reason, it is necessary to improve the flow of information and pricing mechanisms. Improving the flow of information is done by making a coffee quality determination form based on SNI, use case diagrams and business process model and notation (BPMN). The result of this research is an electronic-based information flow model interface design platform. The conclusion of this study is to determination of prices at the collector level has standardization based on the quality that has been determined.

The spread of the coronavirus has been the focus the world's attention. The government has issued a new regulation on the coronavirus that obligates the entire community to always wear a face mask and implement social distancing to prevent the spread of viruses. These issues have been impacted by an increase in the use of face masks throughout the world and in Indonesia. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested using medical face masks. Furthermore, in the health care sector, the possible loading of pathogens in sub-micrometer sizes and properties such as splash resistance and the ability to prevent infection by reducing the concentration of inhaled particulates has created limitations on the types of face masks that can be used. Therefore it is necessary to design a face mask sterilizer device that can extend the life span of masks, thereby decreasing the masks consumption. An investigation on mask sterilizer devices based on heat pipes and thermoelectrics was conducted in this study. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal performance of the mask sterilizer device. The method used was an experimental method using variations in the input voltage on the thermoelectric, namely 9 V, 10 V, and 11 V, and the microcontroller was also adjusted to control the temperature by 70 ℃, 80 ℃, and 90 ℃. The results showed that the thermoelectrics can generate heat with a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side that can reach 80.11 ℃. In terms of voltage, the greater voltage that was given led to a greater resulting temperature of the sterilization device and reduced the amount of time to achieve the minimum sterilization temperature.

The high risk of mortality is one of the main problems faced by domestic egg-laying chicken farmers. This study examines the risks facing domestic egg-laying chicken farmers and the economic loss impacts contributed by those risks. The analysis methods used in this study were z-score and VaR (Value at Risk). The results show four types of production risks facing a group of farmers in Nagan Raya Regency: stocking density, changes in weather, predatory pests, and diseases. The most significant sources of risk come from diseases and changes in weather. The risk of disease has a probability of 17.8%, while the change in the weather is 12.7%. Stocking density and predatory pests, on the other hand, are the least significant sources of risk with the probability of only 4% and 2.2%, respectively. The risk of disease brings the most significant economic loss impact amounting to Rp.362,617.00, - and farmers lost Rp.117,926.00,-due to the weather changes.

Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a virus that is endemic almost all over the world, including Indonesia. COVID-19 was first confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, and then rapidly expanded outside of China. To suppress the Covid-19 case, medical volunteers are needed as the main actors in efforts to handle Covid-19 patients. This makes health care facilities also need to focus on the principles of health worker safety, not only focus on the principles of patient safety. This also makes health care facilities also need to focus on the principles of health worker safety, not only focus on the principles of patient safety. The use of hazmat clothes is one of the efforts to protect health workers when in contact with Covid-19 patients. Hazmat clothes are technically referred to as “encapsulated waterproof protective clothing” which is PPE that must be used for officers from the risk of contracting the Covid-19 virus through airborne droplets and contact with patients and patient body fluids. Although hazmat clothing is an important PPE for health workers to stay protected, the use of hazmat clothing for a long time often makes medical personnel feel uncomfortable when providing services. Based on the problems above, the researchers conducted a study on the heat pipe - thermoelectric hazmat suit cooling vest. This technology can absorb more heat than other methods by simply applying the principle of capillarity to the wicks on the pipe walls. schematic of testing a cooling vest on a hazmat suit. The loading on the thermoelectric is given through the DC - Power supply. The temperature data read by the sensor will be detected by the computer system using the NI 9123 and C-DAQ 9174 modules. The test results can be viewed using the NI LabView 2017 software. The temperature used in this experiment is the result of tests carried out for 30 min. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the heat pipe-based thermoelectric hazmat suit cooling vest has been able to reach the lowest thermoelectric temperature of 24,42 $$^\circ{\rm C} $$ ∘ C , which is distributed through heat pipes to body parts.

Non-contact scanning technology structured light projection has become an important choice in the field of engineering. It provides potential feasibility in terms of speed data acquisition, and precision of measurements. The proposed system of structured light scanning works by projecting different grayscale lines patterns and capturing the light once it falls on the scene using a camera and projector devices. That information from captured images that contained distortion lines patterns was used to reconstruct 3D geometry. Measurement of plane displacement objects is an objective of this application. In this study, the plane object was axially punched load varying with intervals 0.5 mm to 30 mm in displacement. The results of the displacement from the punch load were recorded and saved in the format of the image. Experimental and simulation results on the plane displacements of the object test shown onto 3D topographic histogram. The proposed scanning system still has an error of 0.005 mm. However, it has the potential feasibility to reconstruct 3D shape objects and offer the plane measurement displacement.

Solar heat is often used as a heater in the drying process, both traditional/conventional and mechanical drying with drying equipment. The objective of using a mechanical dryer is to increase the air temperature in the drying chamber by using heating from a solar collector or fuel. Heating from the solar collector commonly generates temperatures between 50 ℃ to 70 ℃ in the drying chamber. Many studies on collectors use a bottom absorber system with a glass cover. However, there are not many studies on the collector with an upper absorber system as a heater or upper heater. Solar collectors use materials with high thermal conductivity (materials with the ability to conduct heat), such as aluminum, copper and iron. In addition to high thermal conductivity, the material is also expected to function as a high absorber. This study examined the reduction in moisture content of agricultural products by utilizing heat from the roof as a solar heat absorber equipped with a heat collection channel to transfer heat into the drying room. Variations in roofing materials tested were aluminum, iron, iron coated with iron sand and zinc. To increase the temperature of the drying air in the heating channel, a sharp turn channel system was formed. Based on results obtained in this line of research, it indicated that the heater with the iron roof type was the best heater to distribute temperature, with discharge pipe of 63 ℃ and room temperature of 41.1 ℃. The four roof variations met the requirements for standards quality of agricultural product with an average reduction in moisture content of 9.7%. The iron roof type generated the fastest reduction rate in mass of agricultural product, while the aluminum roof type generated the longest reduction rate in mass of agricultural product.

The shipyard is used for shipbuilding and reparation of the old ship with various damage intensities activities. Therefore, the fishing port must have a shipyard facility. This research aims to assess the water quality surrounding the fishing port and its relation with the shipyard development. The research was conducted from December 2020–March 2021 in Kutaraja Fishing Port and Marine and Fisheries Faculty Laboratory, Syiah Kuala University. Each sampling point has a distance of 120 m vertically and 310 m horizontally. Water quality data recorded were pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. The pH value in Lampolu waters was categorized as good, ranging between 7.13 and 8.3, with the highest pH value measured at the waters near the land. The sea surface salinity in the research area was 32–34 PPT, which gradually increased towards the coastal area. The sea surface temperature was 27.5–30 ℃. Dissolved oxygen (DO) on the water surface ranges between 7.02 to 9 mg/L. Water quality parameter is one of the vital factors to determine shipyard location.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of car speed on the stress on a coil spring. 60-s strain signals measured on the coil spring of a car that was driving at speeds of below 20 km/h, 40–50 km/h, and above 70 km/h were utilized as the input. From the dynamic analyses, it was found that the increase in speed was directly proportional to the increase in stress. Each increase of the speed of 10 km/h was followed by an increase of stress by almost 10 kPa. The highest stress was obtained when the car was driving at a speed above 70 km/h, which was 645 kPa. This value was 43.7% of the yield strength of the material. Although the stress that occurred was relatively small, it could cause damage to the coil spring because the component is subjected to loading continuously.

This study aims to analyze the stresses that occur in the lower arm and coil spring of an automotive subjected to dynamic loads. The strain signals produced from the lower arm and coil spring of a car were used as the loads in these dynamic analyses. Based on the simulation results, the stress that occurs in the lower arm was 244,612 kPa or only 54.35% of the yield strength of the SAE 1513 carbon steel. Meanwhile, the stress on the coil spring was 542,893 kPa or only 36.5% of the yield strength of the SAE 5160 carbon steel. In conclusion, the risk of failure of the lower arm is greater than the coil spring. Although the stresses that occurred were relatively small compared to the yield strength of the material, these stresses can still cause failure because the component receives loads continuously.

It is planned that in 2025 the target for the utilization of New Renewable Energy (NRE) is 23% of the energy needs in Indonesia. Meanwhile, until now, the achievement of this figure is still very far from expectations. The demand for electrical energy is increasing with population growth and the progress of the times. One solution is to use a distributed generator (DG). DG is easy to construct the generator and improve power flow because it is close to the load. In this case, DG is prioritized from NRE. DG of NRE requires forecasting in the acquisition of output power. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict radiation intensity in determining the DG output of renewable energy. The training resulted in a significant regression value (R) close to 1; then, a simulation was carried out. The results obtained were the solar panel area of 1703.86, 1676.98, and 881.49 m2 needed to get the optimal power output. The optimization results with GA show a decrease in power losses of 81.5709% and an improvement in the voltage profile of 0.032745 p.u. The optimized DG results are placed on buses 9, 22, and 31 and are 317, 312, and 164 kW, respectively.

This paper discusses the analysis of mobile robot frames for planting water spinach seeds. This analysis aims to determine the displacement and the stresses distribution caused by the load acting on the frame. The method used in this research is simulation-based using the finite element analysis with Autodesk Inventor 2020. The material used for the frame is Galvanized Steel. The load location is carried out with a magnitude of 261.9 N on the left and right beam frame, and 284.09 N in the middle of the beam frame. This load is given from the calculation of the total weight of the storage volume and the total weight of the mobile robot components. The results showed that with the given loads, the maximum Von misses stress was 38.03 MPa and the maximum displacement was 1.49 mm. From these results, it can be concluded that the structural frame used for a mobile robot is safe at a safety factor of up to 5.4. It is proven that the yield stress, of course, occurs 38.03 MPa less than 207 MPa of the material.

Indonesia is a country that has the largest Muslim population in the world, which makes Indonesia a large market share for Sharia products and services, especially Indonesia has potential in the halal food industry. There are several standards for the halal management system that must be considered, such as in SNI 99001: 2016 Clause 3.4.1 which contains criteria, methods, including measurements and related performance indicators needed to ensure effective operation, and inter-process control. Thus, the organization or company is needed to be able to establish company criteria, methods and measurement of performance indicators in order to ensure effectiveness in the process. The purpose of this study is to determine the criteria for measuring the performance of the halal supply chain in the planning process, to design a system and interface for measuring the performance of the halal supply chain in the planning process based on SNI 99001: 2016. In the process of completing this research using the SCOR model and the AHP, OMAX, and TLS method. The results of the performance measurement for the criteria and sub-criteria are obtained. In this study, three criteria were produced for each part of the planning, namely reliability, responsiveness, and cost. For planning the procurement of raw materials there are 6 sub-criteria reliability, 1 sub-criteria responsiveness, and 1 sub-criteria cost. For production planning, there are 5 reliability sub-criteria, 3 responsiveness sub-criteria, and 1 cost sub-criteria. For raw material procurement planning, there are 7 reliability sub-criteria, 3 responsiveness sub-criteria, and 1 cost sub-criteria.

Electric vehicles are now a trend. Various types of electric vehicles have been produced. The development of electric vehicle propulsion motors is also continuously carried out to get the best performance. One type of electric motor that has a high efficiency is a brushless permanent magnet axial flux motor. This type of motor has a relatively large torque at low speeds. Therefore, this paper presents the results of testing the micro electric car propulsion system using a brushless permanent magnet axial flux motor with a modular system. Tests are carried out to obtain the value of torque, electric power, mechanical power, speed, and temperature rise of the motor. The driving motor is mounted on the rear axle of the micro electric car, then tested using a chassis dynamometer with disk brake loading. It tests with maximum torque of 37.8 Nm, at 550 rpm, with an electric power input of 1197 Watts. The highest efficiency is 76% obtained at 83rpm with 37,8Nm Torque. From the test results, the total efficiency of the drive system is considered low, it was due to mechanical losses on transmission and gear of the axle.

Shear failure in reinforced concrete columns in buildings often found after an earthquake. This type of failure occurs due to the column does not have sufficient shear reinforcement to support earthquake loads. Many studies have been carried out on shear failure in reinforced concrete. Munawir et al. (2012) have conducted research with several different placements of shear reinforcement. It has been found that the placement of shear reinforcement affects the confinement of reinforced concrete columns. Predicting the failure pattern of reinforced concrete columns using the finite element method is a challenge today. With the development of finite element method software this has become possible. This type of research has been developed recently, because it can be more efficient than research in the laboratory. The objectives of this research are to study the behavior of columns that carried axial loads and lateral loads and to predict crack pattern using software non-linear finite element method called ATENA V5. There were two specimens which have been tested experimentally by Munawir, et.al, 2012. There were two variations, namely three arms and crossties of stirrup reinforcement with axial load 0.3P0. Reinforced concrete column specimen with a square cross section of size 20 × 20 cm2 with 58 cm height. Main reinforcement were 12D11.6 mm, and stirrup reinforcement was D5.4 mm. Concrete compression strength ( $${\text{f}}_{c}^{^{\prime}}$$ f c ′ ) was 24.19 MPa. Reinforcement tensile strength was 356 MPa. In three arms of stirrup reinforcement specimens, It has been found that based on ATENA V.5 result, the shear load was 150 Mpa. The difference with experimental result was 2.08%. Based on ATENA V.5 result for deflection was 19.36 mm. The difference with experimental result was 12.43%. On the other hand, in crossties of stirrup specimen, it has been found that based on ATENA V.5 result, the shear load was 150 Mpa. The difference with experimental result was 3.88%. Based on ATENA V.5 result for deflection was 23.21 mm. The difference with experimental result was 23.21%. Meanwhile, prediction of crack pattern by non-linear finite element show the same pattern with experimental results for both three arms and crossties of stirrup reinforcement. The failure mode which has been found from numerical analysis showed that all columns had shear failure.

Coal ash, a fine, rounded and pozzolanic aggregate, is a waste product of coal combustion from steam power plant. The ash is an inorganic material undergoing mineral changes from the combustion process. It is a type of fly ash material with fine grain size and greyish color. The utilization of coal ash as a filler is expected to improve the quality of asphalt concrete mixture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of asphalt-concrete mixture using coal ash in dense-graded and gap-graded gradations. These gradations were used due to their higher amount of filler and fine particles than uniform and open-graded gradations. The study results revealed that the performance of the mixture using coal ash filler met the specifications of asphalt concrete mixture. In addition, this result indicated that the mixture would be able to withstand heavy traffic loads. Thus, the utilization of coal ash was recommended as a filler in asphalt-concrete mixtures.

Experimental studies of wind turbines require a long time and other obstacles such as weather. There is a need for an assessment system on the effect of the aerodynamic system used in wind turbine blades that is more practical and not affected by natural conditions. The purpose of this study is wind tunnel fabrication to facilitate studies of the characteristics of the turbine blade model that will be developed in the future. Wind tunnels are used with an open system type. The NACA 4412 horizontal axis wind turbine prototype with blade lengths of 70, 90, and 110 mm were tested for the number of blades 3, 4, and 5 at wind speeds between 3–8 m/s, the power generated by the rotor experienced a large change starting at wind speed. 6 m/s. By looking at the resulting blade rotation based on wind potential and speed, getting optimal results at a blade length of 110 mm with 5 blades. At a wind speed of 6 m/s, the rotation is 279.2 rpm, the rotor power is 0.39 W. The wind speed is 8 m/s with a rotation of 526.7 rpm, and the rotor power is 0.64 W.

Traditional drying still lacks one of the lengths of the curing process that takes 2–4 days depending on the condition of the sun, unlike the modern way of using dryer equipment. Previous research had created a multistoried dryer, but there was still a considerable temperature difference between the shelves. The study aims to reexamine the distribution of temperatures that occur in high-rise dryer equipment. Prior research has designed dryer appliances with a leveling 9 levels of hot gas line and a sharp turning fins, 45-degree bend on the left and right sides of the instruments. Still, they do not achieve the same temperature consistency in the dryer room. Achieving the right temperature in each dryer requires reshaping the fins of a hot gas line. From the long changes to the hot gas line, an efficient fin variation, a size of 35 mm in the gas duct, followed by a 5 mm increase in the last fin at the first deposit of 60 mm, but at the other end of the hot gas line at 7, 8, 9, was shut, with the experiment producing an evenly matched temperature between 1–2 ºC.

The lack of plants in multi-storey housing causes an increase in environmental temperature, causing global heat. Therefore, thermal comfort is not achieved for humans which will reduce the quality of life, to overcome this, air conditioning (AC) is used. However, due to the high ambient temperature causing an increase in the use of air conditioning which will cause electricity consumption to increase as well. One effort that can be done is to multiply hanging flower plants around multi-storey buildings. This solution is expected to reduce the environmental temperature around high-rise buildings. This study aims to determine the heat absorption by fifteen types of plants tested by the hanging method, so that it can be seen which plants are most suitable to be planted to reduce environmental temperatures. The plants tested were Devils Ivy (Epippremnum Aureum), Purple Heart (Tradescantia), Ant Bag (Discida Geri), Velvet (Gynura Aurantica), Purple Zabrina (Trandescantia Zabrina), Paperomia Hope, Spider Lily (Cholorophytum Comosum), Purple Spider Lily (Trandescantia Spathacea), Nerve Leaf, Anthurium, Pigeon Feet (Altheantera Ficoida), Creeping Charlie (P. Nummularifolia), Candle Flower (Begonia), Zebrakraut, and Episcia. From the results obtained indicate that hanging flower plants affect the decrease in environmental temperature. The most effective among the mentioned hanging flower plants on absorbing heat with the hanging method are Spider Lily (Chlorophytum Comosum).

Boom gate (parking portal), a tool that functions as an automatic barrier is usually used in parking areas, gates for office buildings, government buildings, police stations, hotels, toll roads, and other public places. The current parking barrier system cannot be separated from the controller system and electric motor as the source of electrical energy to move mechanical parts of the boom gate. However, the parking barrier system which are currently in operated, especially in the Sumatra region, still use an AC motor drive system; in some regions a hydraulic drive system is also utilized. The electricity to drive the system is mostly obtained from the national electricity company (PLN) electrical grid. So, in this study we design a mechanical system of automatic parking portal operated by a DC motor, instead of AC motors. From this study, it was found that the components needed by the boom gate to do the work of opening and closing the bars for 1.5 s, namely: DC motor 24V, 250 W, 2750 rpm, gearbox type 40 ratio 1:60, and sprocket ratio of 1: 4.5.

CNC machine is a machine that can operate automatically through processing commands performed by a computer. A machine is required for engraving concrete, that the engraving process can be faster and easier. The research is carried out to develop a concrete carving CNC machine. The machine components are grouped into two main parts, horizontal and vertical parts. The design of horizontal component includes analysis and selection of x table, y table, linear drive system, power screw, and motor. The design of the vertical component includes the analysis of the frame, and the spindle arm. Machine production begins with frame welding, spindle arm welding, crafting table, and component purchasing. Assembly begins with the assembly of the base and column frame, the table with its components, and the spindle arm and its spindle. Machine materials are selected from metal, wood and nylon. The workpiece used is concrete with a composition of cement and sand of 1:2. Workpiece dimension is 200 mm × 200 mm × 30 mm. The CNC electronic components are arduino, CNC shield, stepper motor driver and stepper motor. The accuracy of the machine was tested by comparing the results of machining the workpiece with the design on the computer. For testing the age of concrete, the highest accuracy value was obtained when the age of the concrete reached the value of 1 h. For testing patterns, small deviations were shown for testing the sides of each pattern, but slightly larger deviations for the experiment about 0 coordinates.

The small-scale Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is presently being used for environmentally friendly power plants, and is found to be affordable at pretty low costs. The system uses aerodynamic blades (airfoils) fitted to a rotor, which is either positioned upwind or downwind. Therefore, the analysis of increasing the performance of the HAWT is important for its overall capability. Based on these conditions, this numerical study aims to determine the effects of the angle of attackcharacteristics on blades ranging from 15–10°, using the NACA 4412 airfoil. This airfoil was applied from the blade base (root) to the tip, against the torque and mechanical power of the turbine. The aerodynamic characteristics produced with the rotor diameter in the HAWT was 4,90625 m2 along the swept of 2.5 m, as the TSR (tip speed ratio) of 6 on the wind speed ranged between 3–7 m/s. The results showed that 0.32, 54.49%, and 150.9 W of the coefficient, efficiency, and average mechanical powers of the turbine were produced in the simulation process, respectively. This indicated that the mechanical power of the HAWT increased with higher wind speed.

One of the business activities favored by the villagers is poultry farming. This happened because the harvest period is fast and the market is easy, especially for public consumption in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Due to the large number of people who are trying to raise ducks, chickens, and laying eggs, problems have arisen with the provision of these poultry seeds. So far, poultry seeds in the Aceh Province have been obtained from a small portion of the populationAcehnese themselves and the rest were imported from North Sumatra. This causes the fluctuating supply of seed poultry which will eventually disrupt the community's poultry farming business in Aceh Province. Seeing these problems, this research wants to produce a multilevel incubator heating system that maintains a uniform temperature for better incubator efficiency. The test is carried out by paying attention to the temperature distribution in the egg incubator. Thus, measuring the distribution temperature with a value range of 37 °C–38 °C at certain points through the test channel is the main thing that must be done. The variation in this research is the number of incandescent lamps/heating plates (4 and 6) which differs whether or not the zinc plate is under the incandescent lamp/heating plate with a power of 100 and 112 Watts for each heater. The heater in the incubator room will turn on at 37 °C and will turn off automatically at 38 °C due to the influence of the thermostat equipment. After testing, the temperature was 0.7 °C for 4 (four) heating plates without using a zinc plate under the heating plate and 0.8 °C for 4 (four) incandescent lamps without using a zinc plate under the incandescent lamp. However, there is a small comparison, namely 0.4 °C for 6 (six) heating plates using a zinc plate under the heating plate and 0.5 °C for 6 (six) light bulbs using a zinc plate under an incandescent lamp. Also 96% test results with various methods. It is a good heat transfer and efficient process of hatching egg incubators.

This research was conducted to analyze the work posture of tofu factory operators using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disease Questionnaire (CMDQ) and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method for operators that work at a tofu factory in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Data processing begins with direct interviews and closed questions to tofu factory workers toward the activity and posture disorders. From the results of the interview, a score was given based on the CMDQ answers to be integrated with RULA. Based on CMDQ, it can be seen that the operator feels uncomfortable in the upper limbs in sequence starting from the highest, namely the right shoulder (12%), right upper arm (12%), upper back (9%), left shoulder (8%), right and left forearms (8%). RULA measurements were carried out using the Ergofellow software with details of 1 process with a score of 3, 2 processes with a score of 5, 3 processes with a score of 6 and 7 processes with a score of 7. To reduce the critical position of body posture and to reduce the risk of injury to the operator, recommendations for improvement are given in the form of tools for work and determination of rest hours and work time according to standards.

The machining process is one of the production technologies that is almost required for every product. In this modern era, the industry continues to develop. Along with these developments, the miniaturization of machining processes is micro-milling. This research was conducted to determine the significance of cutting speed on the workpiece dimensions on the micro-milling process with pre-cooling of titanium 6Al-4V using the Anova test. The selected cutting speeds are 15, 20, and 25 m/min, and the initial cooling temperatures of the workpiece are 26 ℃, 0 ℃, and -3 ℃. The tools used are solid carbide HRC63 with a diameter of 0.4mm. The results obtained the cutting speed with 15, 20, and 25 m/min variation. The research found that all of those three cutting speeds affect the quality of the dimension of the workpiece with preconditioning temperature. The results obtained that the lowest deviation is at a temperature of −3 ℃ occurs at the three cutting speeds. It means that the cutting speed matters, and pre-cooling the workpiece at a temperature of −3 ℃ is the best.

Pyrolysis of plastic waste is an attempt to convert waste into alternative fuels. Besides being able to solve the problem of the energy crisis currently faced, it is also a solution in overcoming plastic pollution, especially HDPE, LDPE and PET. This study aims to investigate the effect of pyrolysis waste plastic oil (WPO) of HDPE; LDPE; PET as a mixture of pertamax (RON 92) fuel on the performance of a spark ignition (SI) engine at high speed rotation. The mixture of WPO-pertamax is varied in percentage namely 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the engine performance including the engine power, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency, is then analysed. It was found that the test results on each plastic waste oil mixture obtained that PET-10 at 2500 rpm rotation where the power and specific fuel consumption it produces are 2.98 HP and 0.32 kg/Kwh. Thermal efficiency of 18.95%.

Potential measurement on rebar reinforcing steel plays a vital role in the reinforced concrete corrosion investigation. One of the essential factors in the measurement is the reference electrode. Therefore, improving reference electrodes (RE) for potential collecting data is recommended for corrosion analysis. Liquid-based RE was used frequently by many researchers for this matter. However, the liquid-based RE performance reduction will occur due to the mechanical phenomenon on the RE, i.e. leakage of the electrode solution and range distance between rebar and the concrete cover. Thus, the research focuses on the solid-state RE developed for the potential distribution measurement on the reinforced concrete analysis. By using the method, the limitation of liquid-based RE was solved. Copper-copper Sulfate (CCS) was prepared for the reference solution. The Open Circuit Measurement (OCP) was applied for the stability performance analysis of the solid-state RE. Furthermore, Potential corrosion analysis on the rebar concrete was carried out and validated with the commercial Ag/AgCl RE. The result shows the stability performance of the CCS solid-state reference electrode and similar OCP behavior with Ag/AgCl commercial RE. The influence of distancing between rebar to reference electrode location was performed, and actual potential data from the rebar was measured on the reinforcing rebar. The real-time potential data was collected in order to reinforce concrete corrosion investigation. The result shows the high-risk corroding that occurred on the rebar and was validated by Ag/AgCl potential distribution value. Directly visualization from the rebar concrete specimen proved the high-risk corrosion phenomenon. Therefore, the results obtained allow us to conclude that solid-state RE is recommended for the rebar concrete corrosion analysis.

Crankshaft is a major engine component susceptible to mechanical failure. The purpose of this study is to determine the cause of crankshaft failure in a 2,500cc diesel engine pick up vehicle after 3 months of operation. Distance covered by the truck to convey commercial loads on a daily basis lies between 110–150 km. The study adopted an experimental approach encompassing visual observation, stress analysis, SEM fracture surface inspection as well as the evaluations of chemical composition, microstructure and hardness. Based on the chemical composition test with material standards ASTM A536 grade 80-55-06, nodular cast iron was discovered as the applied sample metal type. The SEM results showed an initial crack on the crank arm with subsequent extension leading to the final fracture, due to dynamic loading. Meanwhile, the stress analysis obtained a higher shear stress of 113.75 MPa, compared to the allowable estimate of 48.125 MPa. As a consequence, the crack propagation triggered the crankshaft failure.

Patchouli oil has been one of the industrial raw materials for ages. Several industries such as perfumery, pharmaceutical, and herbal industries use this commodity as the main raw materials. In the 90s, this commodity became well known among farmers, especially in the Aceh Jaya district because it has a fairly high selling power which makes most farmers in the area focus on developing patchouli plantations. With this lucrative potential, many people have contributed and taken advantage of the patchouli oil industry opportunities. BSN has issued a quality standard of patchouli oil in the SNI document 06-2385-2006 with the purpose that every industry can refer to a resembling standard. However, along with its development, the phenomenon of a decline in the selling price of patchouli oil began to emerge, which has become one of the main problems faced by stakeholders in the patchouli oil trading network, especially for farmers. It is difficult for farmers to delay their sales when the price drops, which leads to a decrease in their income. Instead of developing patchouli plantations, farmers are now starting to gradually convert the land to other commodities to maintain their economy. The identification of this problem starts from all entities that contribute to the supply chain system to the consideration of the contribution from each entity to the patchouli oil industry in Aceh Jaya Regency. This study examines the benefits of implementing a Patchouli Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) or Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) which aims to provide alternative solutions in stabilizing selling prices, especially to farmers’ income. With this price stability, farmers can increase the productivity of patchouli oil in hope that they can optimally supply the world's patchouli oil needs.

One of the problems causing low quality of essential oils is the high content of solvent resulting from traditional extraction process employing low purity metallic components. This extracted oil therefore requires further process to improve the patchouli alcohol content of the oil by removing unwanted components. One of the process is by mixing the oil with bentonite and zeolite. In this study, a sieve shaker is designed to be used at an integrated equipment for patchouli oil refining process. In order to have a dynamically stable shaker, it is necessary to investigate the effect of various components for the stability, particularly the spring stiffness. The simulation was conducted using Autodesk Inventor using a one degree of freedom model. It is shown from the result that, for the defined condition, the sieve shaker shown a stable condition for the spring stiffness value at least 10 kN/m. Spring stiffness lower than the value could cause detachment of the roll follower from the cam, resulting in impact between the components.