Proceedings of the International Conference of Steel and Composite for Engineering Structures

Frontmatter

Solving Engineering Optimization Problems Using Machine Learning Classification-Assisted Differential Evolution

Abstract

This paper aims to introduce an efficient method called Machine Learning Classification-assisted Differential Evolution (CaDE) for solving engineering optimization problems. In the selection step of the Differential Evolution optimization, an AdaBoost model is employed to classify whether an individual is feasible or not. If the offspring individual is predicted infeasible and its objective function value is greater than that of the parent individual, it will be intermediately discarded. Otherwise, the offspring individual will be evaluated by the true fitness function. The benefit of the proposed technique is to reduce unnecessary fitness evaluations, thereby speeding up the optimization process. The effectiveness of the CaDE is illustrated through five benchmark engineering problems including the welded beam design problem, the tension or compression spring design problem, the pressure vessel design problem, the speed reducer design problem, and the three-bar truss design problem. Additionally, a real-size 30 × 30 m double-layer grid structure is also optimized using the proposed method to show its applicability in practice. The results show that the CaDE requires from 11% to 55% fewer function calls than the standard Differential Evolution for achieving the same optimal designs. In comparison with other meta-heuristic algorithms, the CaDE has a faster convergence speed with the least number of fitness evaluations.

Tran- Hieu Nguyen, Huong-Duong Nguyen, Anh-Tuan Vu

Damage Detection in Structures Using Strain Measurement

Abstract

Vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a non-destructive method and is widely used in recent years. To measure the vibration response of the structure under impact load, uniaxial/triaxial accelerometers, displacement, and velocity meters are used. Many works use modal parameters extracted from vibration such as frequency, mode shape, and modal curvature to detect damage. Among these parameters, modal curvature is proved very sensitive to damage. Modal strains (or curvatures) can be derived from displacement mode shape using the central difference method, but this procedure may contain cumulative errors. In this paper, direct modal strain measurement will be used. A steel slab equipped with strain transducers is set up in the laboratory. The strain response will be recorded and analysed directly to find the modal strains. From direct modal strain measurements, the damage location will be identified. Two damage scenarios are examined to verify the method.

Duong Huong Nguyen, Nhu Mai Thi Nguyen, Xuan Hung Doan, Quoc Bao Nguyen, Viet Phuong Nguyen, Duy Hoa Pham

Damage Detection in Structures by Wavelet Transforms: A Review

Abstract

Wavelet transform is a mathematical technique with many applications in signal processing. Anomaly and faults in signals can be detected using wavelet transform due to their sensitivity to local discontinuity and singularity. One of the most important applications in signal processing through wavelet transform is damage detection in structures. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review is performed on notable works about damage detection in structures by wavelet method to introduce various applications of the wavelet transforms for detecting damages in different structures. Depending on the type of signal acquired from the structures, two types of wavelet analysis can be performed: one-dimensional wavelet transform and two-dimensional wavelet transform. This paper describes one-dimensional wavelet transform analyses to clarify how the wavelet analysis may be helpful for damage detection in structures.

Yasin Faghih Larijani, Yaser Rostamian, Samir Khatir

Experiences on Anchorage Systems for FRP Rods

Abstract

In recent years, investigation on FRP rods for prestressing tendons both for high strength and high resistance to corrosion, lightweight, nonconducting, and nonmagnetic properties is increasing. Anchorage systems are often not completely reliable because the characteristic of orthotropic material of FRP with high strength for loads parallel to the axis while a low capacity in normal direction to axis doesn’t allow to use anchorage systems typically used for steel. This paper presents experimental experiences on anchorage systems for FRP rods. Firstly, the behaviour of anchorages with metallic tubular and filled resin around the FRP rod, adopted in tensile tests of Carbon and Glass FRP rods is investigated. Then, anchorage for prestressing FRP rods with experimental tests on clamp and split wedge anchorage types is analysed. Results of experimental campaign are shown and discussed with the aim to provide recommendations for the future research.

Roberto Capozucca, Abdelwahhab Khatir, Erica Magagnini

Behaviour of Brickwork Masonry Strengthened with B/GFRP Strips

Abstract

The response of masonry walls to loading depends to many factories: strength of units, thickness of bed mortar, presence of infilled mortar joints, arrangements of units and joints, and to direction of loads respect to mortar joints. Nowadays, a common method for improving the mechanical tensile strength of masonry is to strengthen old masonry structures in seismic areas with externally bonded (EB) Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs). EB FRP strips are typically used to increase the historic masonry walls’ shear capacity under in-plane loading although the response of strengthened walls has not been deeply analysed considering the inclination of FRP strips respect the mortar bed joints. In this work, the strength of brickwork masonry walls strengthened by Basalt FRP and Glass-FRP strips with different strengthening inclinations has been experimentally analysed by diagonal compression tests. Finally, discussion and comparison of results obtained by experimental campaign have been developed to evaluate the efficiency of the different strengthening configurations in terms of strength and mechanism of failure.

Roberto Capozucca, Erica Magagnini, Giuseppe Pace

Concrete Plates Reinforced with Embedded CFRP Rods and Carbon/Steel Strips

Abstract

Plates and shells are structural elements present in many civil constructions. These elements are usually built with reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete for considerable plane dimensions. The use of FRP rods during casting instead steel bars may allow to improve the behaviour under high loading and durability avoiding corrosion processes of steel. This work presents an investigation about the behaviour of concrete rectangular plates without steel bars reinforcing in tension. An experimental campaign was carried out on orthotropic and isotropic rectangular concrete plates reinforced, respectively, with carbon fibre polymer (CFRP) rods and carbon/steel fibre (C/SF) strips embedded in concrete in the tensile side. Static load was applied on the centres area of plate models. Evolution of cracking and deflections were monitored during experimental tests and results are shown and discussed.

Elisa Bettucci, Roberto Capozucca, Abdelwahhab Khatir, Samir Khatir, Erica Magagnini

Structural Health Monitoring for RC Beam Based on RBF Neural Network Using Experimental Modal Analysis

Abstract

This paper presents an application using Radial basis Function with Neural Network RBF-NN to predict damage identification. Free vibration experiments at various degrees of damage analysis is done to study the complex behavior of RC beams affected by notches. Both intact and damaged states are analyzed based on experimental measurement. Different damages degrees concentrated in the middle area, a beam model with a notch is built. The frequency response function (FRF) envelope acquired by the dynamic experimental tests is established and the changes in normal frequency values are compared with the degree of damage in the models of the RC beams. The action of damaged beams under free vibration is improved by implementing analytical models with equivalent stiffness reduction and identification processes. In order to verify the damage analysis procedure based on vibration testing and the recommended analytical method, a comparison of experimental and analytical results is given as the first stage. In the second stage, the effectiveness of (RBF-NN) is provided for different damage scenarios to predict the notches depth and width of RC beam. The results showed the robustness of RBF-NN to predict the notches depth and width of RC beam with a high accuracy.

A. Khatir, R. Capozucca, E. Magagnini, S. Khatir, E. Bettucci

Experimental Acoustic-Wavelet Method for Damage Detection on Laminated Composite Structures

Abstract

Since laminated composite structures have many high-speed and lightweight applications, they are subjected to various damages. Thus, damage detection on laminated composite structures is an essential task. In this paper, a novel damage detection method called the Acoustic-wavelet transform (AWT) technique is proposed for damage detection on laminated composite structures. In this way, first, a graphite/epoxy laminated composite plate is constructed using the vacuum infusion processing (VIP) method. Then, several real crack-form and slot-form damage scenarios are considered to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method for damage detection in real-world applications. One dimensional continuous wavelet transform is applied to detect damages in the measured acoustic signals produced from impacts on laminated composite structures. Findings show that the proposed method is efficient for sound-based crack-form and slot-form damages detection on laminated composite structures. Also, results demonstrate that the proposed AWT technique can detect damaged locations under noisy conditions.

Morteza Saadatmorad, Ramazan-Ali Jafari-Talookolaei, Mohammad-Hadi Pashaei, Samir Khatir

Damage Identification in Thin Steel Beams Containing a Horizontal Crack Using the Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract

This investigation presents damage identification in thin steel beams containing a horizontal crack using artificial neural networks. In this way, finite element modeling of the cracked beam is developed to generate natural frequencies corresponding to various horizontal cracks scenarios. Then, the artificial neural network is used to create a predictor model for localizing horizontal cracks in steel beams. Results of the current paper show that The proposed technique is an effective method for detecting horizontal crack damage in steel beams. The regression index obtained in this study is equal to 0.979.

Amirhossein Heshmati, Morteza Saadatmorad, Ramazan-Ali Jafari Talookolaei, Paolo S. Valvo, Samir Khatir

Polycarbonate Degradation Under Heat and Irradiation

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the effect of the exposure of a polycarbonate (PC) to the simultaneous effects of heat and ultraviolet radiation. PC is an amorphous polymer widespread in commerce. Transparency, impact resistance, and low density are just a few of the many intriguing properties of this material, this is why it is used like a material of greenhouses, windows of headlights, body parts, anti-shock windows, anti-vandal panes. However, long exposure to the heat and radiation makes it fragile and translucent. In this study, we have submitted the PC to the simultaneous action of ultraviolet (UV) with wavelength of 253nm combined to temperature of 120 ℃ for 72, 144 and 2016 h. The effects were highlighted by the physico-chemical analyzes and mechanical tests. Thus, the modification of chemical bonds was revealed by spectrometry by spectroscopy FTIR and changes of the mechanical properties was revealed by the compression and traction tests.

Sonya Redjala, Said Azem, Nourredine Aït Hocine

Influence of Decarburization on the Erosion and Corrosion Resistance of a High Chromium Cast Iron

Abstract

In this paper, we present a case study that illustrates the detrimental effects decarburization has on the resistance of high chromium cast iron to erosion and corrosion. Two samples are analysed: the first was extracted from a heat-treated impeller used for phosphoric acid slurry pumping. This resulted in decarburization and a gradual change in microstructure from the surface to the core of the material where zones closer to the surface not only had a smaller CVF (Carbide Volume Fraction) but formed a continuous carbide network which facilitated cracking propagation. This led to a significant drop in surface hardness. The second sample was extracted from an unused, non-treated pump made using a similar chemical composition to the failed impeller. This sample had a microstructure that is uniform across its regions. Samples were subjected to corrosion testing in a phosphoric acid solution at 80 ℃, and then cleaned and eroded using a sand jet impingement erosion tester, and corrosion-tested again in the same conditions. A comparison is made each time between the mass losses and polarization curves of the samples as well as a microstructural analysis of their cross-sections to evaluate the erosion and corrosion resistance of the high chromium cast irons at their two different states.

ElJersifi Adnane, Chbihi Abdelouahed, Semlal Nawal, Bouaouine Hassan, Naamane Sanae

Experimental Research on New Sustainable Geopolymer Mortars Reinforced and Not Reinforced with Natural Fibers

Abstract

The paper describes experimental research voted to verify the mechanical characteristics of very sustainable geopolymer mortars and to try to improve their mechanical characteristic using natural fibers.

Particularly, there were used and tested geopolymer mortars using a geopolymer matrix obtained from very cheap and sustainable fly ashes (as they come from the waste recycling). About the natural fibers, they were used hemp short fibers as they are very durable and sustainable.

It was designed and performed a bending test program for twelve reference samples of geopolymer mortar beams (without fibers) divided into two group of six samples with different proportions between fly ashes and sand. Then, it was designed and performed the bending test program for the geopolymer mortars with the addition of hemp short fibers: twelve samples with a lower percentage of fiber and twelve samples with a higher percentage of fibers. Each group of twelve samples was divided into two group of six samples with different proportions between fly ashes and sand.

Then it was designed and performed a compression test program: there were used the same beams, after their cracking in the bending tests, to obtain cubic samples (after a regularization of the faces). Thus, there were twenty-four reference cubic samples without fibers and forty-eight cubic samples with fibers for the compression tests.

Alberto Viskovic, Michał Lach, Łukasz Hojdys, Piotr Krajewski, Arkadiusz Kwiecien

Mechanical Performance of Reinforced Pultruded Columns for Curtain Walls

Abstract

The present work is aimed at evaluating the mechanical performance of pultruded beams subjected to bending stresses through experimental tests. Such beams are intended to be used in a curtain wall construction system as a variant to a patent application (n.102020000025636) which includes wood columns. This variant wants to meet the need of smaller dimensions of the columns and keep guaranteeing the mechanical performance. The columns are made of pultruded I-beams, reinforced with glued metal plates and two prestressed threaded bars placed in the central axis of symmetry of the section. First, the materials (pultruded, steel plates, threaded bars and structural glue) are mechanically characterized; then, three types of columns are tested by means of a 3-point bending test and 3 loading/unloading cycles: (i) n. 1 beam with no reinforcement plates or pretension bars, (ii) no. 2 beams with reinforcement plates and no pretension bars, (iii) no. 2 beams with reinforcement plates and pretension bars. The maximum deformation in the elastic range for all reinforced beams (11.48 mm) is measured by applying a load of approximately 10 kN, corresponding to a wind pressure of more than double the requirement for windows (2000 Pa). The contribution of the threaded bars to the maximum applicable load is negligeable, which can be ascribed to their placement in the middle of the section. This first solution is chosen because of the small dimensions of the GFRP profile section.

Rosa Agliata, Michele Serpilli, Placido Munafò

Vibration-Based Damage Assessment in Truss Structures Using Local Frequency Change Ratio Indicator Combined with Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms

Abstract

Structural damage assessment is of a crucial importance issue in civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering. In this study, an approach based on Local Frequency Change Ratio (LFCR) as a damage indicator and optimization techniques as a tool of damage identification is proposed. Firstly, simple and multiple damage locations are detected using the concept of LFCR. Secondly, to determine the extent of the damage accurately, an optimization problem is investigated using an objective function based on the LFCR indicator. Five recent optimization algorithms are presented, namely, Prairie Dogs Optimization (PDO), Tasmanian Devil Optimization (TDO), Artificial Ecosystem-based Optimization (AEO), Student Psychology Based Optimization (SPBO) and Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA). To test the performance of the proposed approach, two structures are studied, including a 20-Bar 2D Truss and a 28-Bar 3D Truss with different scenarios of damage. The numerical results show that the LFCR can detect and locate the damage precisely and the presented optimization techniques can define its severity accurately. Moreover, the convergence and the CPU time analysis are discussed, where a comparison between the algorithms reveals the supremacy of the SPBO over the other optimization techniques. In terms of convergence, the PDO algorithm provides less competitive outcomes.

Amar Kahouadji, Samir Tiachacht, Mohand Slimani, Amar Behtani, Samir Khatir, Brahim Benaissa

Improved ANN for Damage Identification in Laminated Composite Plate

Abstract

This paper presents an improved Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for structural health monitoring of composite materials. Simply supported three-ply \(\left[ {0^\circ \,\,90^\circ \,\,0^\circ } \right]\) square laminated plate modeled with a 9 × 9 grid is provided and validated based on the literature review. Modal strain energy change ratio (MSE_cr) is used to localize the damaged elements and eliminate the healthy elements. Next, improved ANN using the Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) used for structural quantification. AOA aims to optimize the parameters of ANN for better training. Several scenarios are considered to test the accuracy of the presented approach. The results showed that the approach can localize and quantify the damage correctly.

Mohand Slimani, Samir Tiachacht, Amar Behtani, Tawfiq Khatir, Samir Khatir, Brahim Benaissa, Mohamed Kamel Riahi

An Analytical Approach for Describing the Bond Mechanism Between FRP and Curved Masonry Substrate

Abstract

Nowadays, the application of externally bonded FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) material to reinforcement projects for existing buildings has become quite usual. In the applications of masonry structures, the curved masonry members, including arches, vaults, domes, etc., as common bearing components in masonry structures, have also received attention. The curvature of the substrate will introduce additional normal stress to the FRP-masonry interface, leading to different bond behaviors according to experimental observations. This paper attempts to reproduce the behavior of FRP strengthened curved masonry prism under shear, under the assumption of a classical model including three parts of an elastic FRP strip, a zero-thickness interface, and a rigid substrate. By simplifying the interface stress-slip law into a three-stage linear relationship, i.e., the initial elastic stage, the softening stage, and the residual strength stage, the analytical solutions of the stress and strain along the full length of the FRP can be obtained. The effect of the normal stress appearing along the interface is manifested by the change in the interface relationship. The effectiveness of the analytical model is verified by comparison with existing experimental data and numerical model. Due to the fast and stable calculation procedure, this model can explore the influence of various parameters on the model behavior at a small computational cost, and give some insight into the bonding mechanism of FRP reinforced curved structures.

Yu Yuan, Gabriele Milani

Collapse Analysis of Reinforced Masonry Arches: A Comparison of Associated and Non-associated Sliding

Abstract

In this paper, the standard formulation for rigid block limit analysis is extended to simulate the effect of innovative strengthening (FRP/FRCM), with a suitable modification of the constitutive constraint that governs the behavior of contact joints. The proposed modeling is applied to both associated and non-associated sliding. The change of the failure surface of a representative contact joint after the reinforcement is first derived. Casting it into a standard matrix form, the constitutive constraint in the lower bound theory is then modified to account for the strengthening effect. After that, the proposed technique is also extended to solve a non-associated problem. Utilizing this technique, the collapse of a 9-block 2D arch with FRP reinforcement is analyzed to compare predictions from associated and non-associated formulations. Detailed parametric studies are carried out to understand the influence of the critical parameters on the difference in the results from these two formulations. The results show that when analyzing the arch with reinforcement, the associated limit analysis may predict an incorrect collapse mechanism as well as an overestimated collapse load. Such overestimation could reach 70.5% in some cases. Employment of non-associated formulation is very necessary for more precise collapse analysis of reinforced masonry arches.

Yiwei Hua, Gabriele Milani

Deep Neural Network and YUKI Algorithm for Inner Damage Characterization Based on Elastic Boundary Displacement

Abstract

The efficiency of deep neural networks has been proven in several research fields. In this study, we suggest using this method of inverse crack identification based on the structural response of boundary displacement. This structural response is particularly challenging for surrogate modelling due to the overall similarity in the effect of different cracks. From the inverse problem perspective, this corresponds to a problem of many local minima. To solve this problem we use the newly suggested search technique of the dynamic search space reduction by the YUKI algorithm, build to solve this type of problem. We compare the performance of the suggested approach of the RBF modelling technique in terms of direct problem prediction and inverse problem identification accuracy. Deep Neural Networks are found to have better performance in both problems, although the computation time is significantly higher than RBF.

Nasreddine Amoura, Brahim Benaissa, Musaddiq Al Ali, Samir Khatir

Energy Dissipation Based Structural Condition Assessment Using Random Decrement Technique

Abstract

This study investigates the potential application of the random decrement (RD) technique for condition assessment in beam-like structure based on energy dissipation of material, when only acceleration responses are available for use. First, an analytical model of viscoelastic beam with various levels of energy dissipation was used, based on modal superposition principle, to obtain the response of systems to input force. Then, RD technique is employed to calculate to transform the random structural response into the free decay response. RD technique is only based output measurements, whereas other traditional methods need requirement of both input and output ones. In structural engineering, input ambient excitations (wind, earthquake and traffic load, etc.) are difficult to determine. Finally, a new feature established from the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of Randec signature, call the Displacement Loss Factor function (DLF), is used to assess structural condition. Numerical simulations of a linear beam loaded by white noise are used to verify the effectiveness of the method in assessing the structural condition.

Toan Pham-Bao, Thao D. Nguyen, Nhi Ngo-Kieu

An Analytical Model for Describing Tensile Behavior of FRCM

Abstract

As a newly emerged strengthening material, FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) has attracted the attention of many engineers and scholars due to the higher compatibility of the cementitious matrix with masonry structures compared to traditional organic matrix. Different from FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) material that similarly can be externally applied onto the structures for strengthening, FRCM exhibits more complex failure modes due to the weaker performance of the matrix. To investigate the complex failure mechanism, the tensile test on FRCM coupon is a simple and intuitive method commonly used, in which the failure of both material and interface can be observed. In this article, an analytical model was proposed to reproduce the tensile behavior of FRCM, with the possibility to consider all the failure modes. A simplified mathematical model consisting of the components of the mortar layer, the fiber layer, and a zero-thickness interface gives the basis of force analysis, and from which the ODE system presenting the model behavior can be deduced and solved. This model was then validated against existing experimental results in terms of the global stress-strain relationships. It can be concluded that the proposed model is fast and stable, while able to reproduce the failure mode, global and local behavior of FRCM under tension.

Yu Yuan, Gabriele Milani

Simplified Numerical Tool for a Fast Strength Estimation of Squared Masonry Columns Reinforced with FRP Jackets

Abstract

The work addresses the retrofitting of masonry columns with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) jackets. Experimentation is still at a higher level and the study tries to enrich the set of available numerical models to estimate the capacity of squared masonry columns with a periodic arrangement. The numerical procedure assumes a strain-based incremental formulation relying on equilibrium, compatibility, and kinematic equations and precluding strenuous integration of FEs. An elastic-perfectly plastic response with a Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria has been assumed for both brick units and mortar joints. Failure of the FRP is governed by limited tensile strength and tearing (in the corners of the columns). An associated plastic flow-rule is followed. The numerical strategy has been validated with data from several experimental campaigns, with existing literature approaches and code-based formulas. A good agreement has been found and the strategy demonstrated fast (1–2 s).

Luis C. M. da Silva, Ernesto Grande, Gabriele Milani

Concurrent Multiscale Hybrid Topology Optimization for Light Weight Porous Soft Robotic Hand with High Cellular Stiffness

Abstract

This article's primary objective is to investigate the topological optimization of soft robotic grips, using hybrid topology optimization. For the goal of creating light weight and porous soft gripper designs. This task is constituted of two design problem, for which we developed a hybrid SIMP-ESO approach, where SIMP solves the macroscale and ESO solves the microscale optimization. We formulate the microstructure as the maximum allowable young moduli that can be achieved for high weight minimization for the microscale, considering the case of orthotropic materials. To examine the performance of the suggested method we evaluate several macro scale and microscale combinations. The results attained robust and 3D printable designs.

Musaddiq Al Ali, Masatoshi Shimoda, Brahim Benaissa, Masakazu Kobayashi

Reliability Assessment of Low-Rise Roof Structures Under Wind Loads in the Southern Region of Vietnam

Abstract

Low-rise buildings are common types of construction in the Southern region of Vietnam, which have from one to three stories and one or two sloped roofs. The roofs usually are covered with corrugated metal sheets roofs, and purlins are cold-formed steel. In this region, most people have limited economic conditions, and then they build houses by traditional methods based on experience. Therefore, many buildings do not comply with constructed standards, which will affect structural safety. This southern region is considered to be less affected by storms. However, in the rainy season (from August to December), high winds often appear and cause significant damage to the roofs of buildings. Therefore, in this study, the roof structure will be analyzed using the reliability theory. The author uses the Monte Carlo method to simulate random design parameters such as wind load, steel strength, and cross-sectional dimensions. The analysis results will show the safety level of the roof structure according to random variables. From this, the necessary recommendations are proposed to users and construction designers.

Bac An Hoang

A Practical Review of Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm in Solving Damage Identification Problems in Engineering Structures

Abstract

Up to now, the field of Structure Health Monitoring (SHM) is always a topic of interest to many researchers around the world. One of the core types of research in SHM is to apply and validate different state-of-art scientific and technological advances, especially optimization algorithms (OA), to improve the damage detection capability of the SHM system. Among the different OAs, natural-inspired OAs have emerged to be widely preferred due to their robustness and high level of accuracy thanks to their redundancy of being trapped in local minima. The non-stop evolution of natural-inspired OAs has led to the discovery of many advanced algorithms in the last twenty years, though many of them have not been assessed in solving the more complex optimization problems, notably in civil engineering structures. In this study, the authors will review the effectiveness and practicality of a recently introduced optimization algorithm called the Prairie Dog Optimization algorithm (PDO) in solving damage identification problems of engineering structures. To evaluate its efficiency, the PDOA algorithm will be compared with some other natural-inspired algorithms such as Cuckoo Search (CS), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in a damage detection case of a bridge structure in Vietnam.

Lan Ngoc-Nguyen, Hoa-Tran, Samir Khatir, Huu-Quyet Nguyen, Thanh Bui-Tien, Magd Abdel Wahab

2D Mixed Polygonal Finite Elements for Fluid Computation – An Overview

Abstract

The polygonal finite element method (PFEM) is one of the most well-known and reliable numerical techniques used to solve various engineering issues. And in the last decade, the development of PFEM for fluid flow computation issues has been the subject of several noteworthy research. Therefore, it could quickly mention several PFEM developments, mainly a novel mixed polygonal finite element (PFE). They are specifically mixed polygonal finite elements, such as the low-order mixed PFE - Pe₁Pe₀, the equal-order mixed PFE - Pe₁Pe₁, and the high-order PFE - MINIPe. Consequently, the primary objective of this work is to provide an overview of recent advancements in PFEM for fluid flow calculation issues. In this paper, the techniques used to enhance the PFEs for fluid flow problems are detailed and compiled.

T. Vu-Huu, Thanh Cuong-Le

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