Processes in GeoMedia—Volume IX

Table of Contents

1. Assessment of the Hydrosphere Conditions in the Hydrocarbon Production Area of Western Orenburg Region

   I. V. Kudelina, T. V. Leontyeva, M. V. Fatyunina

   Abstract

   The territory of the west of the Orenburg region is the southeastern part of the Volga-Kama artesian basin and borders on the Caspian artesian basin. Due to the intensification of oil and gas production, the hydrosphere of the Southern Urals is undergoing major changes. Within the western Orenburg region, the territory of the Kurmanaevskoye and Tananykskoye oil fields is allocated, located in one of the oldest oil production areas (Mukhanovo-Erokhovsky oil and gas region) with a developed oil field and social infrastructure. Its rapid development is especially relevant for maintaining the optimal structure of the mineral resource base of the Orenburg region. The purpose of the study is to assess the hydrosphere condition in the hydrocarbon production area of the Western Orenburg region. As a result, it was concluded that there are periodic excesses of such indicators as: iron, manganese, ammonia, copper, oil products in the influence zone of the Kurmanaevskoye and Tananykskoye oil fields. The hydrochemical situation at these oil fields is generally satisfactory. Regular monitoring, well repair and implementation of new technologies, in particular, the use of complex barriers, are recommended.

2. Conditions for the November Storms in the Black Sea

   T. E. Danova, T. M. Bayankina

   Abstract

   The paper discusses the conditions for the rare, non-standard processes in the ocean–atmosphere system that lead to catastrophic storms in the Black Sea region. We consider the weather patterns of storms on November 11, 2007, November 11, 2009 and November 26–27, 2023. The data from pressure topography maps, satellite imagery in the visible and infrared (IR) spectral ranges, as well as data from a surface network of weather stations on the Crimean Peninsula show the movement of Mediterranean cyclones to the Black Sea region, which then intensify to severe storms. We show the effect of orographic features of the Crimean Peninsula, temperature fluctuations, in the month of November, of the underlying land and sea surface on the intensity of latitudinal mixing of air masses. According to 3-h observations at coastal weather stations, at the time when storms pass, an excess of the heat threshold is recorded at the level of the 95% percentile of maximum air temperature values.

3. Variational Algorithms for Identification of Transfer Model Parameters and Experimental Planning

   S. V. Kochergin, V. S. Kochergin

   Abstract

   The aim of the work is to build and implement variational algorithms for identifying the capacities of a series of pollution sources in a passive impurity transfer model. The paper considers an example of variational assimilation of impurity concentration data in the upper layer based on minimizing the prediction quality functional and an approach based on variational filtering of linear systems of equations. In both cases, an essential element of the algorithms is the solution of related problems, which are also used in the construction of information matrices. The paper considers an example of variational assimilation of data on the concentration of suspended matter in the upper layer of the Sea of Azov in the area of the Dolgaya Spit, which is of great importance for navigation in this area. When solving the problem of identifying the power of pollution sources in the passive impurity transfer model based on measurement data, the question arises of building optimal plans to improve the computational properties of algorithms. The computational properties of the algorithms used in this case can be significantly improved by choosing the most optimal measurement scheme.

4. Analytical Model of Wind Circulation Under Variable Wind Action

   S. V. Kochergin, V. S. Kochergin, S. N. Sklyar

   Abstract

   The paper provides an analytical solution for a three-dimensional model of wind currents under the influence of wind of complex configuration. The availability of analytical solutions for barotropic velocity components, additional velocities, and vertical components is important when testing and analyzing difference schemes and algorithms in the process of constructing hydrodynamic models of reservoir dynamics.

5. Quantum Kinetic Theory and the Quantum Image Particle Method for Kinetic Simulation of Wakes Including Particles with Spin

   Maxim G. Ponomarev

   Abstract

   Availability of the quantum mechanical model with particle spin is demonstrated in addition to the previous classical physics, classical mechanics models. The spin is introduced using a spin transform, or Q-transform. Quantum kinetic theory with particle spin and the quantum Image Particle Method are formulated for simulations of charged particle fluxes, which allow to include effects of generated electric and magnetic fields in addition to all previous results for charged particle flows simulations in external electromagnetic fields. A spin transform, or Q-transform, and gauge invariant Wigner function have been introduced in this paper for kinetic simulation of wakes, disturbances in plasma with formulation in terms of general electro-magnetic fields. These spin transform and Wigner formulation are the natural ways to describe quantum transport, and to monitor decoherence of macroscopic quantum states in interaction with the environment. According to this new quantum Image Particle Method with particle spin, the collision integrals, corresponding simulated collision operators for these “image particles” describe the effects from the generated electric and magnetic fields. In addition to quantum generalization these models show obvious comparison and correspondence with previous both analytical, and numerical Boltzmann and Vlasov models.

6. The Influence of Cosmophysical Factors on Anthropogenesis

   A. V. Zhabin, V. G. Gadiyatov, D. A. Dmitriev, A. A. Zhabina

   Abstract

   The paper considers the influence of cosmic events on the evolutionary transformations of primates in the Cenozoic period. The basis of evolution is the competition between species, genera and higher taxa in acquiring new qualities that contribute to the capture of more resources. The driving forces of anthropogenesis are catastrophes of cosmic origin. The main species of primates are shown, which are the ancestors of not only humans, but also all living monkeys. At the same time, new species appeared quite suddenly, being better adapted to the environment. Correlative connections between cataclysms and the emergence of new species and genera of hominids are given. It is concluded that the recognition of Eternity unites atheism and religion. The Universe as a whole personifies a system that has no beginning and end, that is, it is “immortal”. But it, in turn, consists of objects that have, although long in time, but finite boundaries of existence, changing, like in a kaleidoscope, their location in space.

7. Multidimensional Digital Investigation of the Morphometric Properties of Sand Removed from the Gas Condensate Field Reservoir on the Basis of ΜCT Analysis

   V. V. Khimulia

   Abstract

   This paper presents the results of statistical and geometric digital analysis of the morphological properties of sand removed from the reservoir of a gas condensate field as a result of geomechanical modeling of sand production processes. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and digital core analysis techniques were used to construct three-dimensional models of sand particles derived from tomography data. These models facilitated a detailed quantitative examination of particle shapes and sizes. The analysis was conducted on sand produced during mechanical testing of reservoir rocks using the “hollow cylinder” scheme to investigate sand production and borehole fracture mechanisms. Particle sphericity was evaluated using the Krumbein and Sheppard methods, and size distribution data provided insights into the fractional composition of the reservoir fracture products. A thorough understanding of the sand's morphometric properties is essential for optimizing the design and selection of downhole equipment, as well as for improving geomechanical and hydrodynamic reservoir models. The insights obtained from X-ray CT imaging complement laboratory experiments and in-situ studies, providing a more comprehensive understanding of reservoir behavior.

8. Development of a System for Monitoring the Thermal State of the Snow Cover

   D. М. Frolov, V. E. Gagarin, A. V. Koshurnikov, G. A. Rzhanitsyn

   Abstract

   The work is devoted to studies of the thermal state of snow, which are carried out with the help of the developed measuring system. The monitoring system can be useful for assessing the thermal state of melting glaciers, preparation of ski slopes on them, as well as for understanding the mechanical properties of the snow column important for construction and transportation of cargo in polar regions. The paper presents the author's developed methodology and system for monitoring the thermal state of the snow strata.

9. Creation of a Three-Dimensional Geomechanical Model for the Construction of a Multi-storey Building on a Previously Constructed Pile Foundation

   G. V. Alekseev

   Abstract

   This Chapter investigates the impact of multi-story building construction on an existing pile foundation in dense urban settings. Through analytical modeling, the study assesses the foundation’s operational safety and determines the need for reconstruction, protective measures, or structural strengthening. The analysis evaluates whether the current pile foundation can be reused and identifies necessary engineering interventions to ensure long-term stability. The results highlight the critical role of an integrated design approach in urban redevelopment, demonstrating how proactive measures can minimize risks to adjacent structures while optimizing project feasibility.

10. Behavior and Characteristics of the First Faraday Wave on the Free Surface of Water

    E. A. Danilova

    Abstract

    The results of an experimental study on the lowest wave mode of Faraday gravity waves arising on the free surface of a liquid under vertical oscillations of a container are presented. Resonance dependencies, wave profiles, wave steepness, and the formation of a planar jet were investigated. The experiments were conducted in a rectangular container with variable liquid depth, using high-speed imaging and data processing in the ImageJ software. It was shown that an increase in liquid depth changes the slope of the resonance curves, which is associated with nonlinear effects. Transitions from regular waves to jet splashes, accompanied by the formation of a planar jet and intense splashing, were recorded. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical models of Faraday parametric resonance and revealed important characteristics of wave interactions with the sidewalls of the container, which are of practical relevance for engineering applications.

11. A Simple Model of Ice and Snow Thermodynamics Applied to the Rybinsk Reservoir Within the Framework of Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation

    D. S. Gladskikh, E. V. Mortikov, R. A. Ahtamyanov, V. A. Lomov

    Abstract

    A simple description of the thermodynamics of ice and snow is implemented in a three-dimensional numerical model of an inland water body. Numerical experiments aimed at studying the periods of freeze-up and ice break-up on the Rybinsk Reservoir are conducted. The results of the modelling were compared with both field measurement data and satellite images obtained using remote sensing of the Earth. It is confirmed that the model correctly describes the ice regime of the water object under study.

12. On Fluvial Paleostructures of the Gelendzhik Bay and the Mezyb River Near Divnomorskoe on the Black Sea Shelf According to Seismic–acoustic Profiling Data

    M. S. Klyuev, A. A. Schreider, A. S. Zverev, V. G. Gainanov, A. E. Sazhneva, A. L. Brekhovskikh, I. Ya. Rakitin

    Abstract

    The surrounding topography, bathymetry and structure of the bottom strata of the Gelendzhik Bay and the mouth of the Mezyb River in Divnomorskoe on the Black Sea shelf are considered. As a result of continuous seismic–acoustic profiling using the Geont-Shelf complex, fluvial paleostructures of the bottom strata were discovered. Seismic-stratigraphic analysis of the bottom strata of the Gelendzhik Bay and the mouth of the Mezyb River in Divnomorskoe on the Black Sea shelf was carried out based on the original methods of the authors. The main parameters of the discovered intra-bottom fluvial paleostructures are presented and their mapping is performed. Assumptions are made about possible mechanisms of formation of the discovered structures.

13. Advancements in Geomechanical and Digital Core Analysis for Reservoir Characterization

    V. V. Khimulia

    Abstract

    This article explores recent advancements in geomechanical testing and digital core analysis for reservoir characterization. It highlights the influence of stress conditions on rock deformation, filtration properties, and sand production processes. The study reviews various laboratory techniques, including uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, as well as true triaxial loading apparatus (TTLA), which enable a more comprehensive understanding of rock behavior under complex stress conditions. Additionally, the integration of digital technologies, such as computed X-ray tomography, machine learning for core analysis, and numerical simulations, is discussed in relation to improving the accuracy of reservoir modeling and wellbore stability assessments. Special attention is given to Russian and global research efforts, emphasizing the need for further development of integrated geomechanical and digital approaches for optimizing hydrocarbon recovery. The results of recent research conducted in the geomechanics laboratory of IPMech RAS are presented. The presented results of comprehensive studies allowed to determine optimal parameters for safe and efficient operation of specific fields, including determination of permissible drawdowns in wells and characteristics of downhole equipment. The conducted research forms the basis for an integrated approach to studying reservoir properties to determine well operation parameters based on computer tomography, digital core analysis, laboratory experiments, and unique mechanical tests. The findings suggest that a combined use of experimental and digital methods provides deeper insights into reservoir heterogeneity, stress-dependent permeability changes, and long-term rock behavior, which are critical for sustainable resource extraction.

14. Axisymmetric Distribution of Oil Products in Arctic Conditions

    V. P. Pakhnenko

    Abstract

    The article considers the process of axisymmetric and one-dimensional spreading (e.g., spill is in a river mouth or canal) of oil products in Arctic conditions, in particular on the ice surface. The dynamics of crude oil and motor oil slick spreading on the ice surface is analyzed under different experimental parameters, such as oil product temperature, initial oil product volume, ice surface, and environment temperature. It is shown that low temperatures and rough ice structure significantly affect the viscosity of oil products, their adhesion to surfaces and the rate of spreading. The paper discusses the key factors determining the behavior of oil slicks (temperature, roughness, spreading process, etc.) and their influence on the efficiency of traditional cleaning methods.

15. Synthesis and Magnetic Characterization of Dispersed Titanomagnetite Microcrystals Prepared by the Modified Glass–Ceramic Method

    Natalia S. Bezaeva, Dmitriy A. Chareev, Myriam Kars

    Abstract

    Titanomagnetites (Fe_3−xTi_xO₄) are common magnetic minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks and also occur in meteorites. This paper presents a new synthesis method of model rocks—submicron grains of titanomagnetite, quasi-uniformly distributed in a glass–ceramic matrix (much needed for rock magnetic experiments in the laboratory). We used as a basis the glass–ceramic method (Worm and Markert, Phys Earth Planet Inter 46:263–269, 1987) and introduced there some modifications, which allowed synthesizing samples without using a high-temperature gas-mixing furnace and corresponding gas equipment unavailable in most laboratories. We carried our four independent synthesis runs with different synthesis parameters and described the obtained samples: its geometry, density and distribution of titanomagnetite grains in a non-magnetic matrix, samples’ magnetic properties such as Curie temperature, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic hardness. Titanomagnetite inclusions demonstrate a predominantly single-domain behavior and are characterized by low titanium content (x < 0.1). The described synthesis method is promising for obtaining artificial (titano)magnetite-bearing rock samples with controlled properties such as titanium content in titanomagnetites, size, concentration, and distribution of magnetic grains in a glass–ceramic matrix and can be used for investigating rock magnetic effects in laboratory conditions.

16. Changes in Total Ozone Content, Ultraviolet Radiation Fluxes, and Cosmic Rays Over Northern Europe

    A. V. Kholoptsev, R. G. Shubkin, G. F. Batrakov

    Abstract

    Among the factors that affect the oncological morbidity of the population in the Northern European regions, there are changes in the fluxes of incoming ultraviolet radiation. One of the reasons for these changes is changing distribution of the total ozone content above them. It is hypothesized that changes in the total ozone content and ultraviolet radiation fluxes may be caused by variations in the cosmic ray flux. The purpose of this work is to verify the hypothesis, as well as to identify areas of Northern Europe for which the influence of these factors is significant. It was established that the hypothesis is valid for many parts of Northern Europe. The sites, for which the change in their total areas and the corresponding signs of correlation between the studied processes allows them to be associated with the movement of the North Geomagnetic Pole occurring in the same years, were identified.

17. Impact of Clay Liner Integrity Breaches on Leachate Migration in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

    Ya. N. Parshakova, R. I. Kataev

    Abstract

    This study aims to investigate how the dimensions of breaches in a landfill's clay liner (protective screen) influence the migration of leachate at the base of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. Numerical modeling of pollutant transport was conducted in homogeneous porous media, with the liner represented as a loam layer modeled as a homogeneous porous medium. The breaches are simulated as horizontal discontinuities within the loam layer, with a fixed length of approximately 10 m and variable widths. These discontinuities are entirely filled with a technogenic (engineered) material in the model. The time-dependent advection–dispersion equations governing pollutant transport were solved numerically, as no analytical solution exists for this class of problems.

18. Experiment on Studying Thermophysical Properties of Snow Cover

    D. M. Frolov, A. V. Koshurnikov, V. E. Gagarin, G. A. Rzhanitsyn

    Abstract

    This work is devoted to the study of the thermal properties of snow cover, in particular its thermal conductivity, which plays a key role in understanding the heat exchange between the atmosphere, snow cover and soil. Snow cover represents an important part of the Earth's cryosphere and is subject to significant variations depending on climatic conditions and other factors such as wind, humidity and solar radiation. These variations affect the physical properties and structure of snow, which requires a thorough understanding of the heat and mass transfer processes within the snow thickness. A series of experiments analysed the temperature distribution in snow using modern measurement techniques. The results confirmed the complexity of the heat transfer process through snow and the need for additional research to more accurately determine the effective thermal conductivity. Understanding these processes is critical for predicting avalanche behaviour, assessing the effect of snow on soil freezing and developing strategies for natural resource management in winter conditions.