Top

Topics in Catalysis

Published in:

01-04-2019 | Original Paper

Pt–Ga Model SCALMS on Modified HOPG: Growth and Adsorption Properties

Authors: Chantal Hohner, Miroslav Kettner, Corinna Stumm, Christian Schuschke, Matthias Schwarz, Jörg Libuda

Published in: Topics in Catalysis | Issue 12-16/2019

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Single atom catalysts hold a great potential in heterogeneous catalysis. In this model study, we report on the observation of Pt single atoms in low-melting-point Pt–Ga alloy prepared on modified highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. In the first part, we examined the growth of Pt nanoparticles (NP) on HOPG modified by Ar⁺ bombardment. In the second part, we used physical vapor co-deposition of Pt and Ga to prepare model systems for supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions. We employed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecule and atomic force microscopy to study the growth and adsorption properties of Pt–Ga aggregates in comparison to Pt NPs. The presence of CO during Pt deposition leads to formation of ordered Pt particles mainly exposing terrace sites. On Pt–Ga nanoalloys, CO induces Pt segregation to the surface. In contrast, Ga deposition onto Pt in UHV or evaporation of small amounts of Pt onto Ga results in the formation of isolated Pt atoms on the surface of the alloy. Comparing alloys with different Pt concentrations, we show that the coordination environment around Pt influences the binding energy of the adsorbed CO.

previous article Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) as a Way to Prepare New Mixed-Oxide Catalyst Supports: The Case of Alumina Addition to Silica-Supported Platinum for the Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde

next article Site Selective Detection of Methane Dissociation on Stepped Pt Surfaces

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Liu J (2017) Catalysis by supported single metal atoms. ACS Catal 7:34–59. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b01534 CrossRef

Liang S, Hao C, Shi Y (2015) The power of single-atom catalysis. ChemCatChem 7:2559–2567. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500363 CrossRef

Wang A, Li J, Zhang T (2018) Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2:65–81. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-018-0010-1 CrossRef

Lykhach Y, Bruix A, Fabris S et al (2017) Oxide-based nanomaterials for fuel cell catalysis: the interplay between supported single Pt atoms and particles. Catal Sci Technol 7:4315–4345. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CY00710H CrossRef

Li H, Zhang H, Yan X et al (2018) Carbon-supported metal single atom catalysts. New Carbon Mater 33:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(18)60322-1 CrossRef

Kyriakou G, Boucher MB, Jewell AD et al (2012) Isolated metal atom geometries as a strategy for selective heterogeneous hydrogenations. Science 335:1209–1212. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215864 CrossRefPubMed

Im J, Choi M (2016) Physicochemical stabilization of Pt against sintering for a dehydrogenation catalyst with high activity, selectivity, and durability. ACS Catal 6:2819–2826. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b00329 CrossRef

Redekop EA, Galvita VV, Poelman H et al (2014) Delivering a modifying element to metal nanoparticles via support: Pt-Ga alloying during the reduction of Pt/Mg(Al, Ga)Ox catalysts and its effects on propane dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 4:1812–1824. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500415e CrossRef

Sattler JJHB, Gonzalez-Jimenez ID, Luo L et al (2014) Platinum-promoted Ga/Al₂O₃ as highly active, selective, and stable catalyst for the dehydrogenation of propane. Angew Chemie Int Ed 53:9251–9256. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201404460 CrossRef

10.

Föttinger K, Rupprechter G (2014) In situ spectroscopy of complex surface reactions on supported Pd–Zn, Pd–Ga, and Pd(Pt)–Cu nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 47:3071–3079. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500220v CrossRefPubMed

11.

Haghofer A, Föttinger K, Girgsdies F et al (2012) In situ study of the formation and stability of supported Pd₂Ga methanol steam reforming catalysts. J Catal 286:13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2011.10.007 CrossRef

12.

Taccardi N, Grabau M, Debuschewitz J et al (2017) Gallium-rich Pd–Ga phases as supported liquid metal catalysts. Nat Chem 9:862–867. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2822 CrossRefPubMed

13.

Kettner M, Maisel S, Stumm C et al (2019) Pd-Ga model SCALMS: characterization and stability of Pd single atom sites. J Catal 369:33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.027 CrossRef

14.

Grabau M, Erhard J, Taccardi N et al (2017) Spectroscopic observation and molecular dynamics simulation of Ga surface segregation in liquid Pd-Ga alloys. Chem-A 23:17701–17706. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201703627 CrossRef

15.

Upham DC, Agarwal V, Khechfe A et al (2017) Catalytic molten metals for the direct conversion of methane to hydrogen and separable carbon. Science 921:917–921. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao5023 CrossRef

16.

Rodríguez-Reinoso F (1998) The role of carbon materials in heterogeneous catalysis. Carbon NY 36:159–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00173-5 CrossRef

17.

Mao X, Rutledge GC, Hatton TA (2014) Nanocarbon-based electrochemical systems for sensing, electrocatalysis, and energy storage. Nano Today 9:405–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2014.06.011 CrossRef

18.

Lee J, Kim J, Hyeon T (2006) Recent progress in the synthesis of porous carbon materials. Adv Mater 18:2073–2094. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501576 CrossRef

19.

Favaro M, Agnoli S, Perini L et al (2013) Palladium nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped HOPG: a surface science and electrochemical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:2923. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp44154c CrossRefPubMed

20.

Yang DQ, Sacher E (2002) Ar⁺-induced surface defects on HOPG and their effect on the nucleation, coalescence and growth of evaporated copper. Surf Sci 516:43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02065-4 CrossRef

21.

Faisal F, Toghan A, Khalakhan I et al (2015) Characterization of thin CeO₂ films electrochemically deposited on HOPG. Appl Surf Sci 350:142–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.198 CrossRef

22.

Bolina AS, Wolff AJ, Brown WA (2005) Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption studies of the adsorption and desorption of amorphous and crystalline water on a graphite surface. J Phys Chem B 109:16836–16845. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0528111 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Bolina AS, Wolff AJ, Brown WA (2005) Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption investigations of the interaction of methanol with a graphite surface. J Chem Phys 122:44713. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1839554 CrossRefPubMed

24.

Heidberg J, Warskulat M, Folman M (1990) Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy of carbon monoxide physisorbed on highly oriented graphite. J Electron Spectros Relat Phenom 54–55:961–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(90)80287-K CrossRef

25.

Boyd DA, Hess FM, Hess GB (2002) Infrared absorption study of physisorbed carbon monoxide on graphite. Surf Sci 519:125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02207-0 CrossRef

26.

Nalezinski R, Bradshaw AM, Knorr K (1995) Orientational phase transitions in polar physisorbed molecules: an IRAS study of dichlorodifluoromethane on graphite. Surf Sci 331–333:255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)00227-8 CrossRef

27.

Nalezinski R, Bradshaw AM, Knorr K (1997) A vibrational spectroscopy study of the orientational ordering in CH₃Cl monolayers physisorbed on graphite. Surf Sci 393:222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00588-8 CrossRef

28.

Kettner M, Stumm C, Schwarz M et al (2019) Pd model catalysts on clean and modified HOPG: growth, adsorption properties, and stability. Surf Sci 679:64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2018.08.022 CrossRef

29.

Kovnir K, Armbrüster M, Teschner D et al (2007) A new approach to well-defined, stable and site-isolated catalysts. Sci Technol Adv Mater 8:420–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stam.2007.05.004 CrossRef

30.

Prinz J, Gaspari R, Stöckl QS et al (2014) Ensemble effect evidenced by CO adsorption on the 3-fold PdGa surfaces. J Phys Chem C 118:12260–12265. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp501584f CrossRef

31.

Nečas D, Klapetek P (2012) Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis. Cent Eur J Phys 10:181–188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2 CrossRef

32.

Greenler RG, Brandt RK (1995) The origins of multiple bands in the infrared spectra of carbon monoxide adsorbed on metal surfaces. Colloids Surf A 105:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(95)03336-X CrossRef

33.

Haneda M, Watanabe T, Kamiuchi N, Ozawa M (2013) Effect of platinum dispersion on the catalytic activity of Pt/Al₂O₃for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and propene. Appl Catal B 142–143:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.04.055 CrossRef

34.

Lundwall MJ, McClure SM, Goodman DW (2010) Probing terrace and step sites on Pt nanoparticles using CO and ethylene. J Phys Chem C 114:7904–7912. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9119292 CrossRef

35.

Primet M (1984) Electronic transfer and ligand effects in the infrared spectra of adsorbed carbon monoxide. J Catal 88:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(84)90003-4 CrossRef

36.

Steininger H, Lehwald S, Ibach H (1982) On the adsorption of CO on Pt (111). Surf Sci 123:264–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(82)90328-4 CrossRef

37.

Kung KY, Chen P, Wei F et al (2000) Sum-frequency generation spectroscopic study of CO adsorption and dissociation on Pt(111) at high pressure and temperature. Surf Sci 463:627–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00639-7 CrossRef

38.

Klünker C, Balden M, Lehwald S, Daum W (1996) CO stretching vibrations on Pt(111) and Pt(110) studied by sum-frequency generation. Surf Sci 360:104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00638-3 CrossRef

39.

Tüshaus M, Schweizer E, Hollins P, Bradshaw AM (1987) Yet another vibrational study of the adsorption system Pt{111}-CO. J Electron Spectros Relat Phenom 44:305–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(87)87031-7 CrossRef

40.

Hayden BE, Bradshaw AM (1983) The adsorption of CO on Pt(111) studied by infrared-reflection-adsorption spectroscopy. J Electron Spectros Relat Phenom 30:51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(83)85033-6 CrossRef

41.

Yang DQ, Zhang GX, Sacher E et al (2006) Evidence of the interaction of evaporated Pt nanoparticles with variously treated surfaces of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. J Phys Chem B 110:8348–8356. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060513d CrossRefPubMed

42.

Primet M, Basset JM, Mathieu MV, Prettre M (1973) Infrared study of CO adsorbed on Pt Al₂O₃. A method for determining metal-adsorbate interactions. J Catal 29:213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(73)90225-X CrossRef

43.

Jin T, Zhou Y, Mains GJ, White JM (1987) Infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on platinum/ceria. J Phys Chem 91:5931–5937. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100307a023 CrossRef

44.

Fox SG, Browne VM, Hollins P (1990) Correlated infrared studies of platinum single crystals and supported catalysts. J Electron Spectros Relat Phenom 54–55:749–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(90)80267-E CrossRef

45.

Sobota M, Happel M, Amende M et al (2011) Ligand effects in SCILL model systems: site-specific interactions with Pt and Pd nanoparticles. Adv Mater 23:2617–2621. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201004064 CrossRefPubMed

46.

Brandt RK, Hughes MR, Bourget LP et al (1993) The interpretation of CO adsorbed on Pt/SiO₂of two different particle-size distributions. Surf Sci 286:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(93)90552-U CrossRef

47.

Podkolzin SG, Shen J, De Pablo JJ, Dumesic JA (2000) Equilibrated adsorption of CO on silica-supported Pt catalysts. J Phys Chem B 104:4169–4180. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp993833o CrossRef

48.

Hollins P (1992) The influence of surface defects on the infrared spectra of adsorbed species. Surf Sci Rep 16:51–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5729(92)90008-Y CrossRef

49.

Barth R, Pitchai R (1989) Thermal desorption-infrared study of carbon monoxide adsorption by alumina-supported platinum. J Catal 70:61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(89)90075-4 CrossRef

50.

Bourane A, Dulaurent O, Bianchi D (2000) Heats of adsorption of linear and multibound adsorbed CO species on a Pt/Al₂O₃catalyst using in situ infrared spectroscopy under adsorption equilibrium. J Catal 196:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2000.3030 CrossRef

51.

Ertl G, Neumann M, Streit KM (1977) Chemisorption of CO on the Pt(111) surface. Surf Sci 64:393–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(77)90052-8 CrossRef

52.

Bauer T, Maisel S, Blaumeiser D, et al (2019) Operando DRIFTS and DFT study of propane dehydrogenation over solid- and liquid-supported Ga_xPt_y catalysts. ACS Catal 9:2842–2853. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04578 CrossRef

53.

Therrien AJ, Hensley AJR, Marcinkowski MD et al (2018) An atomic-scale view of single-site Pt catalysis for low-temperature CO oxidation. Nat Catal 1:192–198. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0028-2 CrossRef

54.

Qiao B, Wang A, Yang X et al (2011) Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Pt₁/FeOx. Nat Chem 3:634–641. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1095 CrossRefPubMed

55.

Moses-Debusk M, Yoon M, Allard LF et al (2013) CO oxidation on supported single Pt atoms: experimental and ab initio density functional studies of CO interaction with Pt atom on θ-Al₂O₃(010) surface. J Am Chem Soc 135:12634–12645. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja401847c CrossRefPubMed

56.

Brummel O, Waidhas F, Faisal F et al (2016) Stabilization of small platinum Nanoparticles on Pt-CeO₂ thin film electrocatalysts during methanol oxidation. J Phys Chem C 120:19723–19736. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05962 CrossRef

57.

Redhead PA (1962) Thermal desorption of gases. Vacuum 12:203–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207X(62)90978-8 CrossRef

Title: Pt–Ga Model SCALMS on Modified HOPG: Growth and Adsorption Properties
Authors: Chantal Hohner
Miroslav Kettner
Corinna Stumm
Christian Schuschke
Matthias Schwarz
Jörg Libuda
Publication date: 01-04-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Topics in Catalysis / Issue 12-16/2019
Print ISSN: 1022-5528
Electronic ISSN: 1572-9028
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-019-01167-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 12-16/2019

Epitaxial Growth of Ultrathin δ-Like ΜοΝ Films on Ru(0001)

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) as a Way to Prepare New Mixed-Oxide Catalyst Supports: The Case of Alumina Addition to Silica-Supported Platinum for the Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde

Molecular Insights on the Role of (CTA+)(SiO−) Ion Pair into the Catalytic Activity of [CTA+]–Si–MCM-41

Femtosecond and Attosecond Electron Transfer Dynamics of Semiconductors Probed by the Core-Hole Clock Spectroscopy

Oleic Acid Esterification Catalyzed by Zeolite Y-Model of the Biomass Conversion

Determination of the Metal Dispersion of Supported Catalysts Using XPS

Premium Partners