Top

Fire Technology

Published in:

01-03-2016

Pulsation Behavior of Pool Fires in a Confined Compartment with a Horizontal Opening

Authors: Xiao Chen, Shouxiang Lu, Xiaomin Wang, Kim Meow Liew, Changhai Li, Jiaqing Zhang

Published in: Fire Technology | Issue 2/2016

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This study reveals the flame pulsation behavior of pool fires in a confined compartment with a horizontal opening. A series of tests were carried out in a small-scale compartment with a central horizontal opening to obtain parameters, such as the mass loss rate (MLR), oxygen concentration, flame height, flame pulsation frequency. Results showed that the average MLR in the steady burning period varied with the opening size, whereas the oxygen concentration value at extinction remained constant for larger horizontal opening size. The mean flame height as obtained by image processing was compared with the predicted correlation for different horizontal openings. The flame pulsation frequency was obtained by performing a fast Fourier transform on the flame height. The influences of the pool fire diameter and horizontal opening size on the flame pulsation frequency were considered. The empirical correlation with exponent of −0.5 between the pulsation frequency and diameter was verified for confined compartments, as well as the effect of the horizontal opening size on the flame pulsation frequency. In addition, the flame pulsation frequency could be characterized by a scaling relationship between the Strouhal number and Froude number.

previous article Doorway Flows Induced by the Combined Effects of Natural and Forced Ventilation in Case of Multi-compartments Large-Scale Fire Experiments

next article Ignition and Flame Propagation of Externally Heated Electrical Wires with Electric Currents

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Hamins A, Yang JC, Kashiwagi T (1992) An experimental investigation of the pulsation frequency of flames. Symp (Int) Combust 24(1):1695–1702. doi:10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80198-0 CrossRef

Bejan A (1991) Predicting the pool fire vortex shedding frequency. J Heat Transf 113(1):261–263. doi:10.1115/1.2910540 CrossRef

Albers BW, Ajay KA (1999) Schlieren analysis of an oscillating gas-jet diffusion flame. Combust Flame 119(1):84–94. doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00034-6 CrossRef

Malalasekera WMG, Henk KV, Gilchrist K (1996) A review of research and an experimental study on the pulsation of buoyant diffusion flames and pool fires. Fire Mater 20(6):261–271. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199611)20 CrossRef

Byram GM, Nelson RM Jr (1970) The modeling of pulsating fires. Fire Technol 6(2):102–110. doi:10.1007/BF02588896 CrossRef

Alger RS, Corlett RC, Gordon AS, Williams FA (1979) Some aspects of structures of turbulent pool fires. Fire Technol 15(2):142–256. doi:10.1007/BF01983759 CrossRef

Cetegen BM, Ahmed TA (1993) Experiments on the periodic instability of buoyant plumes and pool fires. Combust Flame 93(1):157–184. doi:10.1016/0010-2180(93)90090-P CrossRef

Cetegen BM (1997) Measurements of instantaneous velocity field of a non-reacting pulsating buoyant plume by particle image velocimetry. Combust Sci Technol 123(1):377–387. doi:10.1080/00102209708935636 CrossRef

Cetegen BM, Dong Y (2000) Experiments on the instability modes of buoyant diffusion flames and effects of ambient atmosphere on the instabilities. Exp Fluids 28(6):546–558. doi:10.1007/s003480050415 CrossRef

10.

Cetegen BM, Kasper KD (1996) Experiments on the oscillatory behavior of buoyant plumes of helium and helium air mixtures. Phys Fluids 8(11):2974–2984CrossRef

11.

Sato H, Kenji A, Masataka A (2008) Scale modeling of puffing frequencies in pool fires related with Froude number. Prog Scale Model 133–147. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8682-3_11 CrossRef

12.

Ito A, Tadashi K, Kozo S (2008) Scale effects on flame structure in medium-size pool fires. Prog Scale Model 99–107. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8682-3_8

13.

Tu R, Fang J, Zhang YM (2013) Effects of low air pressure on radiation-controlled rectangular ethanol and n-heptane pool fires. Proc Combust Inst 34(2):2591–2598. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.036 CrossRef

14.

Hu LH, Tang F, Wang Q (2013) Burning characteristics of conduction-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires in a reduced pressure atmosphere at high altitude in Tibet. Fuel 111:298–304. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.04.032 CrossRef

15.

Tang F, Hu LH, Wang Q (2014) Flame pulsation frequency of conduction-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires of different aspect ratios in a sub-atmospheric pressure. Int J Heat Mass Transf 76:447–451. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.04.047 CrossRef

16.

Joulain P (1998) The behavior of pool fires: state of the art and new insights. Symp (Int) Combust 27(2). doi:10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80125-2

17.

Finney MA, McAllister SS (2011) A review of fire interactions and mass fires. J Combust. doi:10.1155/2011/548328

18.

Yilmaz N, Donaldson AB, Lucero RE (2008) Experimental study of diffusion flame oscillations and empirical correlations. Energy Convers Manag 49(11):3287–3291. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2007.10.035 CrossRef

19.

Wu YC (2012) Novel methods for flame pulsation frequency measurement with image analysis. Fire Technol 48(2):389-403. doi:10.1007/s10694-011-0227-8 CrossRef

20.

Ghoniem AE, Lakkis I, Soteriou M (1996) Numerical simulation of the dynamics of large fire plumes and the phenomenon of puffing. In: Proc Combust Inst. doi:10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80375-4

21.

Cheung SCP, Yeoh GH (2009) A fully-coupled simulation of vortical structures in a large-scale buoyant pool fire. Int J Therm Sci 48(12):2187–2202. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.04.011 CrossRef

22.

Li CH, Wu YC, Lu SX (2010) Study on flame pulsation of pool fire in closed compartments. J Univ Sci Technol China (in Chinese)

23.

Pretrel H, Audouin L (2013) Periodic puffing instabilities of buoyant large-scale pool fires in a confined compartment. J Fire Sci 31(3):197–210. doi:10.1177/0734904112462361 CrossRef

24.

Otsu N (1979) A threshold selection method from gray-level histogram. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9(1):62–66. doi:10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076 MathSciNetCrossRef

25.

Weckman EJ, Sobiesiak A (1989) The oscillatory behaviour of medium-scale pool fires. Symp (Int) Combust 22(1):1299–1310. doi:10.1016/S0082-0784(89)80141-9 CrossRef

26.

Zhang JQ, Lu SX, Li Q (2012) Smoke filling in closed compartments with elevated fire sources. Fire Safety J 54:14–23. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.08.003 CrossRef

27.

Chen B, Lu SX, Li CH (2011) Initial fuel temperature effects on burning rate of pool fire. J Hazard Mater 188(1):369–374. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.122 CrossRef

28.

Fang J, Tu R, Guan JF (2011) Influence of low air pressure on combustion characteristics and flame pulsation frequency of pool fires. Fuel 90(8):2760–2766. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.035 CrossRef

29.

Chen ZB (2008) Flame oscillation frequency based on image correlation. J Combust Sci Technol 14(4): 367–371.

30.

Heskestad G (2002) Fire plumes, flame height, and air entrainments. In: DiNenno PJ, Drysdale D, Beyler CL, Walton WD, Richard LP, Hall JR, Watts JM (eds) The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, 3rd edn. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy

31.

McCaffrey BJ (1979) Purely buoyant diffusion flames: some experimental results. NBSIR 79-1910. National Bureau of Standards

32.

Zukoski EE (1995) Properties of fire plumes. In: Cox G (ed) Combustion fundamentals of fire. Academic, London

33.

Karlsson B, Quintiere J (1999) Enclosure fire dynamics. CRC Press, New YorkCrossRef

34.

Tang F, Hu LH, Delichatsios MA (2012) Experimental study on flame height and temperature profile of buoyant window spill plume from an under-ventilated compartment fire. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55:93–101. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.08.045 CrossRef

35.

Yoshihara N, Ito A, Torikai H (2013) Flame characteristics of small-scale pool fires under low gravity environments. Proc Combust Inst 34(2):2599–2606. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.088 CrossRef

36.

Ding YM (2014) The effect of azeotropism on combustion characteristics of blend fuel pool fire. J Hazard Mater. 271:82–88. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.012 CrossRef

37.

Gottuk DT, White DA (2002) Liquid fuel fires. In: DiNenno PJ, Drysdale D, Beyler CL, Walton WD, Richard LP, Hall JR, Watts JM (eds) The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, 3rd edn. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy

Title: Pulsation Behavior of Pool Fires in a Confined Compartment with a Horizontal Opening
Authors: Xiao Chen
Shouxiang Lu
Xiaomin Wang
Kim Meow Liew
Changhai Li
Jiaqing Zhang
Publication date: 01-03-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Fire Technology / Issue 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0015-2684
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8099
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0484-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 2/2016

Special Issue in Fire Hazards in Energy Systems

Ignition and Flame Propagation of Externally Heated Electrical Wires with Electric Currents

Polyamide 6 and Polyurethane Used as Liner for Hydrogen Composite Cylinder: An Estimation of Fire Behaviours

Experimental Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Primary Lithium Batteries Fire

Thermal History Resulting in the Failure of Lightweight Fully-Wrapped Composite Pressure Vessel for Hydrogen in a Fire Experimental Facility

Theoretical Flammability Diagrams for Oxy-combustion