Quantitative Analysis of Heat Dissipation and Turret Rotation Effects on Vortex Formation in Steel Flow During Continuous Ladle Teeming

Vortex formation during ladle teeming leads to slag entrainment, compromising steel cleanliness and causing material losses. A key contributor to vortex formation is tangential velocity, yet its origin remains unclear, limiting understanding of the underlying mechanism. While prior studies explored the roles of Coriolis force and initial disturbances, the effects of liquid steel heat dissipation and ladle turret rotation require further examination. This study employs numerical simulations to analyze the ladle teeming process under varied holding times and rotational conditions, with experimental modeling used for validation. Results reveal that both heat dissipation and turret rotation enhance tangential velocity, thereby promoting vortex formation. The critical vortex height under turret rotation reaches 0.215 m, 0.125 m higher than that caused by heat dissipation alone. A 20-minute holding period before rotation lowers the critical height to 0.138 m. Furthermore, heat dissipation-induced flow disturbances reduce the maximum tangential velocity by 0.062 m/s. These findings provide new insights into tangential velocity development and support strategies for vortex suppression and cleaner steel production.