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Quantum Interactive Oracle Proofs

  • 2026
  • OriginalPaper
  • Chapter
Published in:
Authors
Baocheng Sun
Thomas Vidick
Published in
Theory of Cryptography
Publisher
Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

The chapter delves into the quantum analog of the PCP theorem, known as the quantum PCP conjecture (qPCP), and its significant implications for the foundations of quantum mechanics. It introduces quantum Interactive Oracle Proofs (qIOP) as a relaxation of the qPCP conjecture, presenting two distinct constructions based on different technical approaches. The first construction is based on teleportation and the use of a PCP of proximity, while the second protocol employs a multi-qubit test to delegate measurements to the prover and classical PCP techniques. The chapter also explores the potential of qIOPs for developing quantum succinct arguments for QMA languages and discusses open questions regarding the connection between qIOPs and quantum PCPs. Additionally, it provides a technical overview of related works and the challenges in analyzing the robustness of the protocols. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the potential cryptographic applications of the qIOP model and the possibility of applying a Fiat-Shamir transformation to obtain a non-interactive succinct quantum argument for QMA.
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previous chapter How to Verify that a Small Device is Quantum, Unconditionally
next chapter NISQ Security and Complexity via Simple Classical Reasoning
Title
Quantum Interactive Oracle Proofs
Authors
Baocheng Sun
Thomas Vidick
Copyright Year
2026
Book
Theory of Cryptography

Print ISBN: 978-3-032-12295-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-032-12296-4

Copyright Year: 2026

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-12296-4_14
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