Radar Interferometry for Early Stage Warning on Monuments at Risk

Prevention measures on monuments affected by landslides and instability processes can effectively avoid damages to the elements at risk if the warning phase takes place at an ‘early stage’, i.e. when the phenomena are not completely triggered and developed. To realize this warning approach, satellite and ground-based radar interferometry techniques were tested, exploring their capabilities for detection and monitoring of structural deformation on the monuments of archaeological areas in Rome (Italy). Thanks to a procedure shared with the local conservators, fully involved in both investigation and feedback phases, early stage warning was carried out. Updated mapping products were obtained, identifying the most critical sectors to be stabilized. The recognition of definite deformation patterns allowed a high level of alert to be activated because of the significant threat for the monument conservation and public safety. Temporal series analysis highlighted the onset of probable instability processes, suggesting appropriate mitigation countermeasures.