Radioaktive Elemente: Actinoide

Acton QA (2013) Oxides – advances in research and application, 2013 edition. Scholarly Editions, Atlanta. ISBN 978-1-481-67865-0

Adachi J et al (2005) A molecular dynamics study of thorium nitride. J Alloys Compd 394(1–2):312–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.11.005CrossRef

Ahrland S et al (1973) The chemistry of the actinides, pergamon texts in inorganic chemistry, Bd 10, 1. Aufl. Pergamon Press, Oxford, S 398. ISBN 008-018794-3

Aldred AT et al (1974) Magnetic properties of the neptunium monopnictides. Phys Rev B 9(9):3766–3778. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.9.3766CrossRef

Aldred AT et al (1980) Critical exponents of uranium telluride. J Magnet Magn Mat 20(3):236–242CrossRef

Allisy A (1996) Henri Becquerel: the discovery of radioactivity. Rad Protect Dosim 68(1–2):3–10CrossRef

Arnold PL et al (2009) Pentavalent uranyl complexes. Coord Chem Rev 253(15–16):1973–1978CrossRef

ARQ Contributors (2008) Plutonium processing at Los Alamos, actinide research quarterly (3rd quarter, 2008). United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC

Asprey LB (1954) New compounds of quadrivalent americium, AmF₄, KAmF₅. J Am Chem Soc 76(7):2019–2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01636a094CrossRef

Asprey LB, Haire RG (1973) On the actinide tetrafluoride lattice parameters. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 9(11):1121–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(73)80017-0CrossRef

Asprey LB, Keenan TK (1968) The preparation of berkelium tetrafluoride and its lattice parameters. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 4(9):537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(68)80028-5CrossRef

Asprey LB, Penneman RA (1961) First observation of aqueous tetravalent americium. J Am Chem Soc 83(9):2200. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01470a040CrossRef

Asprey LB, Penneman RA (1962) Preparation and properties of aqueous tetravalent americium. Inorg Chem 1(1):134–136. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50001a025CrossRef

Asprey LB et al (1950) A new valence state of americium, Am(VI). J Am Chem Soc 72(3):1425–1426CrossRef

Asprey LB et al (1951) Hexavalent americium. J Am Chem Soc 73(12):5715–5717CrossRef

Asprey LB et al (1955) Evidence for quadrivalent curium: X-ray data on curium oxides. J Am Chem Soc 77(6):1707–1708. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a108CrossRef

Asprey LB et al (1986) Formation of actinide hexafluorides at ambient temperatures with krypton difluoride. Inorg Chem 25(5):670–672. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00225a016CrossRef

Atterling H et al (1954) Element 100 produced by means of cyclotron-accelerated oxygen ions. Phys Rev 95(2):585–586. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2CrossRef

Atterling H et al (1957) Production of the new element 102. Phys Rev 107(5):1460–1462. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.107.1460CrossRef

Audi G et al (2003) The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nucl Phys A 729:3–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001CrossRef

Auskern AB, Aronson S (1967) Electrical properties of thorium nitrides. J Phys Chem Solid 28(6):1069–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(67)90224-7CrossRef

Awasthi SK et al (1971) Preparation and characterisation of some Np(VII) compounds. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 7:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(71)80143-5CrossRef

Balasubramanian K (2001) Potential energy surfaces of lawrencium and nobelium dihydrides (LrH₂ and NoH₂). J Chem Phys 116(9):3568–3575. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1446029CrossRef

Barber RC et al (1993) Discovery of the transfermium elements. Part II: introduction to discovery profiles. Part III: discovery profiles of the transfermium elements. Pure Appl Chem 65(8):1757. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199365081757CrossRef

Baybarz RD (1968) The Berkelium oxide system. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(7):1769–1773. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(68)80352-5CrossRef

Baybarz RD et al (1972) On the californium oxide system. J Inorg Nucl Chem 34(2):557–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(72)80435-4CrossRef

Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt (2006) Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz. In: Radioaktivität und Strahlungsmessung, 8. Aufl., S 187

Becquerel AH (1896a) Sur les radiations invisibles émises par les sels d’uranium. Comptes Rendus 122:689–694

Becquerel AH (1896b) Émission de radiation nouvelles par l’uranium métallique. Comptes Rendus 122:1086–1088

Becquerel AH (1896c) Sur diverses propriétés des rayons uraniques. Comptes Rendus 123:1086–1088

Becquerel AH (1897) Recherches sur les rayons uraniques. Comptes Rendus 124:438–444

Becquerel AH (1900) Sur le rayonnement de l’uranium et sur diverses proprietes physiques du rayonnement des corps radio-actifs. In: Rapports présentés au Congrès international de physique réuni à Paris en 1900 sous les auspices de la Société française de physique, Bd 3. Gauthier-Villars-Verlag, Paris, S 47–78

Beitz JV, Williams CW (1990) Photochemical removal of NpF₆ and PuF₆ from UF₆ gas streams. In: International symposium to commemorate the 50th anniversary of discovery of transuranium elements, Washington, DC

Beitz JV et al (1983a). ISBN 0-8412-0772-0) Plutonium hexafluoride gas photophysics and photochemistry. Plutonium Chemistry, ACS Symposium Series 216(11):155–172. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1983-0216.ch011CrossRef

Beitz J et al (1983b) 5f state interaction with inner coordination sphere ligands: Es³⁺ ion fluorescence in aqueous and organic phases. J Less Comm Met 93(2):331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(83)90178-9CrossRef

Benedict U et al (1986) Neptunium compounds under high pressure. J Less Comm Met 121:461–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90563-1CrossRef

Benefiel GT et al (1994) The plutonium story. The journals of professor Glenn T. Seaborg 1939–1946. Batelle Press, Columbus. ISBN 0-935470-75-1

Benz R (1969) Thorium-Thorium dioxide phase equlibria. J Nucl Mater 29:43–49CrossRef

Bernard H (1989) Advanced fuel fabrication. J Nucl Mat 166(1–2):105–111CrossRef

Berninger EH (1974) Otto Hahn in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. Rowohlt-Verlag, Reinbek

Bernstein ER, Meredith GR (1977) Vibrational spectra of transition metal Hexafluoride Crystals: III. Exciton band structures of MoF₆, WF₆ and UF₆. Chem Phys 24(3):311–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(77)85091-XCrossRef

Berzelius JJ (1829) Untersuchung eines neuen Minerals und einer darin enthaltenen zuvor unbekannten Erde. Ann Phys Chem 92:385–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18290920702CrossRef

Bibler NE (1979) α and β radiolysis of plutonium hexafluoride vapor. J Phys Chem 83(17):2179–2186. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100480a001CrossRef

Binder HH (1999) Lexikon der chemischen Elemente. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, S 18–23/174–178/469–476. ISBN 3-7776-0736–3

Blaise A et al (1981) Electrical resistivity of neptunium mono and diarsenide. Solid State Commun 37(8):659–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(81)90543-3CrossRef

Boggs JE, El-Chehabi M (1957) The thermal decomposition of uranium peroxide, UO₄·2H₂O. J Am Chem Soc 79(16):4258–4260. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01573a003CrossRef

Booth HS et al (1946) Uranium tetrafluoride. J Am Chem Soc 68(10):1969–1970. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01214a028CrossRef

Boulogne AR, Faraci JP (1971) A method of preparing a californium-252 neutron source (US 3627691, French Atomic Energy Commission, veröffentlicht 14. Dezember 1971)

Brauer G (1975) Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie, Bd I, 3. Aufl. Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart, S 1135–1148/1170–1182, 1208/1225–1232/1241–1245. ISBN 3-432-02328-6

Brauer G (1978) Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie, Bd II, 3. Aufl. Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart, S 1083/1158/1203–1207/1210–1218/1241–1245/1268–1272/1293/1299–1305. ISBN 3-432-87813-3

BREDL (Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League). Southern anti-plutonium campaign, Glendale Springs

Brenna JG et al (1986) Chemistry of trivalent uranium metallocenes: electron-transfer reactions with carbon disulfide. Formation of [(RC₅H₄)₃U]₂[μ-η1,η2-CS₂]. Inorg Chem 25(11):1756–1760. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00231a007CrossRef

Brewer L et al (1945) Reports CN-3300 und CN-3378. University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley

Brewer L et al (1950) The higher fluorides of plutonium, Report UCRL-633. University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley

Brown D (1979) The polymorphism of protactinium pentabromide. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 15:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(79)80132-4CrossRef

Brown HS et al (1942a) Metallurgical laboratory report CN-343. University of Chicago, Chicago

Brown HS et al (1942b) Metallurgical laboratory report CN-363. University of Chicago, Chicago

Brown D et al (1969) The crystal structure of β-protactinium pentabromide. Acta Cryst Sect B, Struct Crystall Cryst Chem 25:178–182. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740869007357CrossRef

Bryhni I (2009) Jens Esmark. In: Store norske lexikon. MyhrensVerksted, Torshov

Burlet P et al (1992) Neutron diffraction study of the magnetic ordering in NpBi. Physica B 180:131–132

Burnett JL (1966) Melting points of CmF₃ and AmF₃. J Inorg Nucl Chem 28(10):2454–2456. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(66)80158-6CrossRef

Burney GA, Tober FW (1965) Precipitation of plutonium trifluoride. Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 4(1):28–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/i260013a009CrossRef

Burns PC, Hughes K-A (2003) Studtite, [(UO₂)(O₂)(H₂O)₂](H₂O)₂: the first structure of a peroxide mineral. Am Mineral 88:1165–1168CrossRef

Burns JH, Peterson JR (1971) The crystal structures of americium trichloride hexahydrate and berkelium trichloride hexahydrate. Inorg Chem 10(1):147–151. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50095a029CrossRef

Burns JH et al (1973) Hexagonal and orthorhombic crystal structures of californium trichloride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35(4):1171–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(73)80189-7CrossRef

Burns JH et al (1975) Crystallographic studies of some transuranic trihalides: ²³⁹PuCl₃, ²⁴⁴CmBr₃, ²⁴⁹BkBr₃ and ²⁴⁹CfBr₃. J Inorg Nucl Chem 37(3):743–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(75)80532-XCrossRef

Burns RC et al (1981) Reactivity of transition metal fluorides – XII: plutonium hexafluoride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 43(6):1231–1238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(81)80023-1CrossRef

Burns JB et al (1998) Enthalpy of solution of californium oxychloride; calculation of the standard enthalpy of formation of CfOCl. J Alloys Compd 271–273:676–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00185-6CrossRef

Carlisle R (2004) Scientific American inventions and discoveries. Wiley, Hoboken, S 256. ISBN 0-471-24410-4

Carmack WJ (2004) Internal gelation as applied to the production of uranium nitride space nuclear fuel. AIP Conf Proc 699:420–425. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1649601CrossRef

Carnall WT et al (1965) Reactions in molten salt solutions. I. Uranate and neptunate formation in molten lithium nitrate-sodium nitrate. Inorg Chem 4(12):1808–1813. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50034a034CrossRef

Carniglia SC, Cunningham BB (1955) Vapor pressures of americium trifluoride and plutonium trifluoride, heats and free energies of sublimation. J Am Chem Soc 77(6):1451–1453. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a015CrossRef

Chang AHH, Pitzer RM (1989) Electronic structure and spectra of uranocene. J Am Chem Soc 111(7):2500–2507. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00189a022CrossRef

Chang C-TP et al (1990) Magnetic susceptibility of californium fluorides. Phys Rev B 14(13):9045–9048. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.9045CrossRef

Chetham-Strode A, Holm L (1956) New Isotope Einsteinium-248. Phys Rev 104(5):1314. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.104.1314CrossRef

Chikalla TD, Eyring L (1968) Phase relationships in the Americium-Oxygen system. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(1):133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(68)80072-7CrossRef

Choppin GR (2003) Mendelevium. Chem Eng News 81:36

Choppin GR et al (1954) Nuclear properties of some isotopes of californium, elements 99 and 100. Phys Rev 94(4):1080–1081. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080CrossRef

Choppin GR et al (1956) A new eluant for the separation of the actinide elements. J Inorg Nucl Chem 2(1):66–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(56)80105-XCrossRef

Claassen HH et al (1970) Raman Spectra of MoF₆, TcF₆, ReF₆, UF₆, SF₆, SeF₆, and TeF₆ in the vapor state. J Chem Phys 53(1):341–348. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1673786CrossRef

Clark DL (2000) The chemical complexities of Plutonium. Los Alamos Science 26:373

Clark JP, Green JC (1977) An investigation of the electronic structure of bis(eta-cyclo-octatetraene)-actinoids by helium-(I) and -(II) photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 5:505–508. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9770000505CrossRef

Clark DL et al (2006) Plutonium. In: Fuger J et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 813–1264. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_7CrossRef

Clark DL et al (2013) Chemical speciation of neptunium(VI) under strongly alkaline conditions. Structure, composition, and oxo ligand exchange. Inorg Chem 52(7):3547–3555. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic3020139CrossRefPubMed

Coenen F (1966) The preparation of α-UO₃ by the high temperature hydrolysis of uranyl halides. J Inorg Nucl Chem 28:1733–1734. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(66)80077-5CrossRef

Cohen D et al (1968) The preparation and crystal structure of some berkelium compounds. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 4(5):257–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(68)80125-4CrossRef

Coleman JS et al (1963) Preparation and properties of americium (VI) in aqueous carbonate solutions. Inorg Chem 2(1):58–61CrossRef

Collin J et al (2000) Uranium iodides as catalysts for diels-al-der reactions. J Mol Catal A: Chemical 160(2):263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(00)00257-0CrossRef

Copeland JC, Cunningham BB (1969) Crystallography of the compounds of californium. II. Crystal structure and lattice parameters of californium oxychloride and californium sesquioxide. J Inorg Nucl Chem 31(3):733–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(69)80020-5CrossRef

Cordfunke EHP, Ouweltjes W (1981) Standard enthalpies of formation of uranium compounds VII. UF₃ and UF₄ (by solution calorimetry). J Chem Thermod 13(2):193–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(81)80025-0CrossRef

Costantini JM et al (1983) Crystal chemistry, magnetic, and electrical properties of the tetragonal plutonium oxide telluride Pu₂O₂Te. J Solid State Chem 47(2):210–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(83)90010-5CrossRef

Cranston JA, Soddy F (1918) The parent of actinium. Nature 100:498–499

Crookes W (1899) Radio-activity of uranium. Proc Roy Soc Lond A 66:409–423. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1899.0120CrossRef

Cunningham BB (1966) Compounds of the actinides. In: Jolly WL (Hrsg) Preparative and inorganic reactions, Bd 3. Wiley, New York, S 79–121. ISBN 978-0470446966

Cunningham B, Wallmann J (1960) Element 98 prepared. Sci News Lett 78:26

Cunningham BB, Wallmann JC (1964) Crystal structure and melting point of curium metal. J Inorg Nucl Chem 26(2):271–275CrossRef

Cunningham BB, Werner LB (1949) The first isolation of Plutonium. J Am Chem Soc 71(5):1521–1528. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01173a001CrossRef

Curie M (1899) Effets chimiques produits par les rayons de Becquerel. Comptes Rendus 129:823–825

Curie M (1900) Sur la charge électrique des rayons déviables du radium. Comptes Rendus 130:647–650

Curie M (1906) Sur la diminution de la radioactivité du polonium avec le temps. Comptes Rendus 142:273–276

Curie M, Curie P (1898) Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende. Comptes Rendus 127:175–178

Curie M, Mascart E (1902) Sur le poids atomique du radium. Comptes Rendus 135:161–163

Curie M et al (1898) Sur une nouvelle substance fortement radio-active contenue dans la pechblende. Comptes Rendus 127:1215–1217

Dabos S et al (1986) High-pressure X-ray diffraction on neptunium compounds: recent results for NpAs. Physica B 144:79–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(86)90296-2CrossRef

Dallinger RF et al (1978) Resonance Raman spectroscopy of uranocene: observation of an anomalously polarized electronic band and assignment of energy levels. J Am Chem Soc 100(25):7865–7870. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00493a013CrossRef

Damien D, Wojakowski A (1975) Preparation et paramètres de maille des monoseleniures et monotellurures de neptunium et d'americium. Radiochem Radioanal Lett 23:145–154

Damien D et al (1975) Preparation and lattice parameters of curium sulfides and selenides. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 11(7–8):451–457CrossRef

Damien D et al (1979) Curium-248 monopnictides and monochalcogenides. J Less Comm Met 68(2):159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(79)90052-3

Damien D et al (1980a) Preparation and lattice parameters of ²⁴⁹Bk monopnictides. J Inorg Nucl Chem 42(7):995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(80)80390-3CrossRef

Damien D et al (1980b) Californium-249 monoarsenide and monoantimonide. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 16(9–12):537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(80)80006-7CrossRef

Das HA et al (1971) Scandium in rocks, minerals and sediments and its relations to iron and aluminium. Contrib Mineral Petrol 32:231–244CrossRef

De Witt R (1960) Uranium hexafluoride: a survey of the physico-chemical properties. Technical Report, GAT-280, Goodyear Atomic Corporation, Portsmouth. https://doi.org/10.2172/4025868CrossRef

Debets PC (1966) The structure of β-UO₃. Acta Crystallogr 21:589–593. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X66003505CrossRef

Debierne A-L (1899) Sur une nouvelle matière radio-active. Comptes Rendus 129:593–595

Debierne A-L (1900) Sur un nouvel élément radio-actif: l’actinium. Comptes Rendus 130:906–908

Delapalme A et al (1982) NpAs₂: Magnetic form factor and tentative crystal field model. J Magnet Magn Mat 30(1):117–121CrossRef

Diamond H et al (1954) Identification of californium isotopes 249, 250, 251, and 252 from pile-irradiated plutonium. Phys Rev 94(4):1083. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.1083CrossRef

Dias H et al (2003) Critical mass calculations for ²⁴¹Am, ²⁴²mAm and ²⁴³Am, Nippon Genshiryoku Kenkyujo JAERI Conference, S 618–623

Ditte A (1880) Sur les composés fluorés de l’uranium. Comptes Rendus 91:115–118

Ditte A (1884) Recherches sur l'uranium. Ann Chim Phys 6(1):338–358

Dodge RP et al (1967) The crystal structure of protactinium pentachloride. Acta Crystallogr 22:85–89. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X67000155CrossRef

Donets ED et al (1965) Synthesis of the isotope of element 103 (lawrencium) with mass number 256. Sov Atom Energy 19(2):109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01126414CrossRef

Douglass RM, Staritzky E (1957) Crystallographic Data. 153. Uranium Tetrabromide, UBr₄. Anal Chem 29:459–459. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60123a607CrossRef

Drobyshevskii YV et al (1978) Synthesis and some properties of neptunium oxide tetrafluoride and neptunium pentafluoride. Radiokhim 20:238–243

Drobyshevskii YV et al (2002) Application of physical methods for reducing plutonium hexafluoride. Atom Energy 93(1):578–588CrossRef

Edelstein N et al (1970) Bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)neptunium(IV) and bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)plutonium(IV). J Chem Phys 92(16):4841–4845. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00719a014CrossRef

Eick HA (1965) Plutonium borides. Inorg Chem 4:1237–1239. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50030a037CrossRef

Eick HA, Mulford RNR (1969) Americium and neptunium borides. J Inorg Nucl Chem 31(2):371–375CrossRef

Einstein A (1905a) Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann Phys 322:549–560CrossRef

Einstein A (1905b) Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. Ann Phys 322:891–921CrossRef

Einstein A (1905c) Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann Phys 323:639–641CrossRef

Einstein A (1906) Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen (Dissertation, Universität Zürich, 1905). Ann Phys 324:289–305

Eisenstein JC, Pryce MHL (1960) Theory of the magnetic and spectroscopic properties of neptunium hexafluoride. Proc Royal Soc Lond, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 255(1281):181–198. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1960.0061CrossRef

Eliav E et al (1995) Transition energies of ytterbium, lutetium, and lawrencium by the relativistic coupled-cluster method. Phys Rev A 52:291–296. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.291CrossRefPubMed

Eller PG et al (1998) Reactions of dioxygen difluoride with neptunium oxides and fluorides. J Alloys Compd 269(1–2):63–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00005-XCrossRef

Emeleus HJ, Sharpe AG (1970) Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, S 15/205–206. ISBN 978-0-08-057861-3

Emsley J (2001) Nature’s building blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press, Oxford, S 347–349. ISBN 0-19-850340–7

Engel M (1999) Noddack, Ida Eva. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie, Bd 19. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, S 307. ISBN 3-428-00200-8

Engelkemeir DW et al (1958) Neptunium isotopes: 234, 235, 236. Phys Rev 109(4):1263–1267. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.109.1263CrossRef

Ensor DD et al (1981a) Absorption spectrophotometric study of berkelium (III) and (IV) fluorides in the solid state. J Inorg Nucl Chem 43(5):1001–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(81)80164-9CrossRef

Ensor DD et al (1981b) Absorption spectrophotometric study of ²⁵³EsF₃ and its decay products in the bulk-phase solid state. J Inorg Nucl Chem 43(10):2425–2427. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(81)80274-6CrossRef

Erdős P, Robinson JM (2012) The physics of actinide compounds, Nachdruck der 1. Auflage von 1983. Plenum Press, New York/London, S 38. ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3583-2

Eriksen TE et al (1993) Solubility of the redox-sensitive radionuclides ⁹⁹Tc and ²³⁷Np under reducing conditions in neutral to alkaline solutions. SKB Technical Report 93-18, Stockholm, S 1–32

Ermakov VA et al (1964) Synthesis of the element 102 of mass number 256. Atom Energy 16(3):233–245CrossRef

Eskola K et al (1971) Studies of lawrencium isotopes with mass numbers 255 through 260. Phys Rev C 4(2):632–642. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.4.632CrossRef

Eubanks ID, Thompson MC (1969) Preparation of curium metal. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 5(3):187–191CrossRef

European Commission (2015) Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements. © European Atomic Energy Community, Karlsruhe

Fahey JA (1986) Neptunium. In: Morss et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide elements, 1. Aufl. Chapman & Hall, New York, S 456

Fahey JA et al (1976) Decomposition, stoichiometry and structure of neptunium oxides. J Inorg Nucl Chem 38:495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(76)80291-6CrossRef

Fajans K (1913a) Die Stellung der Radioelemente im periodischen System. Phys Z 14(4):136–142

Fajans K (1913b) Radioactive transformations and the periodic system of the elements. Ber Dt Chem Ges 46:422–439CrossRef

Fajans K, Göhring O (1913a) Über die komplexe Natur des UrX₂. Die Naturwiss 1(14):339. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01495360CrossRef

Fajans K, Göhring O (1913b) Über das Uran X₂-das neue Element der Uranreihe. Phys Z 14:877–884

Fant K (1991) Alfred nobel: a biography. Arcade Publishing, New York. ISBN 1-55970-328-8

Federation of American Scientists. Uranium Production, Washington, DC 20036–4413

Fellows R et al (1975) X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies of crystalline einsteinium(III) bromide, ²⁵³EsBr₃. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 11(11):737–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(75)80090-0CrossRef

Fellows RL et al (1977a) Einsteinium. In: McCarthy GJ, Rhyne JJ (Hrsg) The rare earths in modern science and technology. Plenum Press, New York, S 493–499

Fellows RL et al (1977b) Report ORO-4447-048. In: Peterson JR (Hrsg) Physical–chemical studies of transuranium elements. Progress Report April 1976–March 1977, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Fellows RL et al (1981) Chemical consequences of radioactive decay. 2. Spectrophotometric study of the ingrowth of berkelium-249 and californium-249 into halides of einsteinium-253. Inorg Chem 20(11):3979–3983CrossRef

Fermi E (1934a) Radioactivity induced by neutron bombardment. Nature 133:757. https://doi.org/10.1038/133757a0CrossRef

Fermi E (1934b) Element No. 93. Nature 133:863–864. https://doi.org/10.1038/133863e0CrossRef

Fermi E (1934c) Possible production of elements of atomic number higher than 92. Nature 133:898–899. https://doi.org/10.1038/133898a0CrossRef

Fermi E (1934d) Molecole e cristalli. N. Zanichelli, Bologna

Fermi E (1938) Fisica per Istituti Tecnici. N. Zanichelli, Bologna

Fernandez A et al (2004) Advanced Fuels for Transmutation, a new method for americium nitride fabrication. Atalante Symposium, Nîmes

Ferro R (1955) The crystal structures of thorium arsenides. Acta Crystallogr 8:360CrossRef

Ferro R (1956) The crystal structures of thorium antimonides. Acta Crystallogr 9:817CrossRef

Fields PR, Friedman AM (1957) (Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA); J. Milsted (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Vereinigtes Königreich); B. Åström et al. (Nobel Institute of Physics, Stockholm, Schweden), Production of the new element 102. Phys Rev 107(5):1460–1462CrossRef

Fields PR et al (1954) Additional properties of isotopes of elements 99 and 100. Phys Rev 94(1):209–210. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.209CrossRef

Fields PR et al (1956) Transplutonium elements in thermonuclear test debris. Phys Rev 102(1):180–182. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.180CrossRef

Fischer RD (1977) NMR Spectroscopy of organometallic compounds of the f-elements: practical applications. In: Marks TJ, Fischer RD (Hrsg) Organometallics of the f-elements, NATO Advanced study Institutes series: series C – mathematical and physical sciences. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, S 337–377. ISBN 90-277-0990-4

Fischer J et al (1961) The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of plutonium hexafluoride. J Phys Chem 65(10):1843–1846. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100827a036CrossRef

Fischer J et al (1962) Plutonium hexafluoride thermal decomposition rates. Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev 1(1):47–51. https://doi.org/10.1021/i260001a010CrossRef

Fisher RW et al (1944) Report CN-1783. Iowa State College, Des Moines

Flerov GN (1967) On the nuclear properties of the isotopes ²⁵⁶103 and ²⁵⁷103. Nucl Phys A 106:476. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(67)90892-5CrossRef

Flerov GN et al (1968) Synthesis and investigation of element 102, atom. Energy 24(1):3–15

Florida Spectrum Environmental Services, Inc (2008) Spectrum element fact sheet: informationen zum element americium bei Fort Lauderdale. http://www.speclab.com. Zugegriffen am 08.10.2008

Florin AE (1950a) Plutonium hexafluoride, plutonium (VI) oxyfluoride: preparation, identification, and some properties, report LAMS-1118. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos

Florin AE (1950b) Plutonium hexafluoride: second report on the preparation and properties, report LA-1168. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos

Florin AE (1953) Thermodynamic properties of plutonium hexafluoride: a preliminary report, report LAMS-1587. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos

Florin AE et al (1956) Preparation and properties of plutonium hexafluoride and identification of plutonium(VI) oxyfluoride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 2(5–6):368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(56)80091-2CrossRef

Folcher GJ et al (1986) Hydroalumination of olefins by the LiAlH₄/UCl₄ system. Organomet Chem 309(1–2):C1–C3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-328X(00)99589-5CrossRef

Forbes TZ et al (2008) Metal-oxygen isopolyhedra assembled into fullerene topologies. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:2824–2827. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200705563CrossRef

Fournier J-M (1976) Bonding and the electronic structure of the actinide metals. J Phys Chem Solid 37(2):235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(76)90167-0CrossRef

Fowler RD et al (1965) Superconductivity of protactinium. Phys Rev Lett 15(22):860–862CrossRef

Fried S (1951) The preparation of anhydrous americium compounds. J Am Chem Soc 73(1):416–418. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a135CrossRef

Fried S (1954) Neptunium. In: Seaborg G, Katz JJ (Hrsg) The actinide elements. McGraw-Hill, New York, S 471

Fried S, Davidson N (1948) The preparation of solid neptunium compounds. J Am Chem Soc 70(11):3539–3547. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a003CrossRefPubMed

Fried S et al (1950) The preparation and identification of some pure actinium compounds. J Am Chem Soc 72:771–775CrossRef

Frisch F (1977) Klipp und klar, 100 × Energie. Bibliographisches Institut AG, Mannheim, S 184. ISBN 3-411-01704–X

Frlec B (1967) The density of liquid neptunium hexafluoride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 29(7):1804–1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(67)80227-6CrossRef

Fuger J et al (1981) A new determination of the enthalpy of solution of berkelium metal and the standard enthalpy of formation of Bk³⁺ (aq). J Inorg Nucl Chem 43(12):3209–3212CrossRef

Fuger J et al (1984) The enthalpy of solution of californium metal and the standard enthalpy of formation of Cf³⁺ (aq). J Less Comm Met 98(2):315–321CrossRef

Fuger J et al (1990) Molar enthalpy of formation of californium tribromide. J Less Comm Met 158(11):99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(90)90435-MCrossRef

Fuger J et al (2006) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 699–812. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_6CrossRef

Fuger J et al (2010) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 61/79/83/198/201/522/526/567/1002. ISBN 978-94-007-0211-0

Fujita D et al (1969a) The solution absorption spectrum of Es³⁺. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 5(4):245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(69)80192-3CrossRef

Fujita D et al (1969b) Crystal structures and lattice parameters of einsteinium trichloride and einsteinium oxychloride. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 5(4):307–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(69)80203-5CrossRef

Fulde P et al (1997) Low-lying electronic states of lanthanocenes and actinocenes M(C₈H₈)₂ (M=Nd, Tb, Yb, U). J Chem Phys 107(9):3584–3591. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474698CrossRef

Ganesan S et al (1999) A re-calculation of criticality property of ²³¹Pa using new nuclear data. Curr Sci 77(5):667–671

Ganguly C (2014) Advanced methods for the fabrication of mixed uranium plutonium oxide, monocarbide and mononitride fuels for fast breeder reactors. Trans Ind Ceram Soc 47(6):161–171CrossRef

Garrett AB (1947) The chemistry of elements 93, 94, 95 and 96 (neptunium, plutonium, americium and curium). Ohio J Sci XLVII(3):103–106

Ghiorso A (2003a) Einsteinium and fermium. Chem Eng News 81(36):174. https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p174CrossRef

Ghiorso A (2003b) Einsteinium and fermium (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley). In: Chemical & engineering news, Copyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html

Ghiorso A et al (1954) Reactions of U²³⁸ with cyclotron-produced nitrogen ions. Phys Rev 93(1):257–257. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.257CrossRef

Ghiorso A et al (1955a) New elements einsteinium and fermium, atomic numbers 99 and 100. Phys Rev 99(3):1048–1049. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048CrossRef

Ghiorso A et al (1955b) New element mendelevium, atomic number 101. Phys Rev 98(5):1518–1519. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.98.1518CrossRef

Ghiorso A et al (1961) New element lawrencium, atomic number 103. Phys Rev Lett 6(9):473–475CrossRef

Ghiorso A et al (1968) Nobelium, tracer chemistry of the divalent and trivalent ions. Science 160(3832):1114–1115PubMedCrossRef

Ghiorso A et al (1993) Responses on ‚Discovery of the transfermium elements‘ by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, California; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; and Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt followed by reply to responses by the Transfermium Working Group. Pure Appl Chem 65(8):1815–1824. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199365081815CrossRef

Gingerich KA, Wilson DW (1965) Preparation and properties of thorium monophosphide, ThP_1-x, and phase studies of the partial system Th-ThP. Inorg Chem 4(7):987–993CrossRef

Golliher W, Harris R (1973) Removal of plutonium from plutonium hexafluoride-uranium hexafluoride mixtures. US 3708568, Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC, veröffentlicht 2. Januar 1973

Goodman GL, Fred M (1959) Electronic structure of neptunium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 30:849–850. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1730060CrossRef

Gorlé F et al (1974) Uranium carbide fuel technology. J Nucl Mat 51(3):343–353CrossRef

Gradel G, Doerr W (2001) Method for manufacturing a nuclear fuel sintered body and nuclear fuel sintered body. DE10115015C1, Framatome ANP GmbH, veröffentlicht 27. März 2001

Graetzer HD, Anderson DL (1971) The discovery of nuclear fission. Nostrand-Reinhold, New York

Grebenkin KF et al (1997) Synthesis of plutonium trifluoride from weapons – plutonium as a potential fuel for power reactors. Atom Energy 83(2):614–621CrossRef

Green B (1947) Mycosis fungoides – treated with thorium X. Proc of the Royal Soc Medic 40(9):503CrossRef

Green JL, Cunningham BB (1967) Crystallography of the compounds of californium. I. Crystal structure and lattice parameters of californium sesquioxide and californium trichloride. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 3(9):343–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(67)80040-0CrossRef

Greenwood NN (1997) Recent developments concerning the discovery of elements 101–111. Pure Appl Chem 69(1):179–184. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199769010179CrossRef

Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A (1997) Chemistry of the elements, 2. Aufl. Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier, Oxford, S 1265. ISBN 0-08-037941-9

Grosse A von (1934a) Element 91. Science 80(2084):512–516

Grosse A von (1934b) Metallic element 91. J Am Chem Soc 56(10):2200–2201

Grosse A von (1935) Zur Herstellung von Protactinium, Ber Dt Chem Ges 68(2):307–309

Grosse A von (1941) Chemical properties of uranium hexafluoride, UF₆; technical report, A-83. Columbia University, New York. https://doi.org/10.2172/962915

Gruen DM et al (1956) Magnetic susceptibility of plutonium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 24(4):905–906. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1742635CrossRef

Gschneidner KA, Eyring LR (1995) Handbook of physics and chemistry of rare earths, Bd 21. Elsevier-Verlag, Amsterdam

Gupta CK (1990) Hydrometallurgy in extraction processes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, S 206–208. ISBN 978-0-8493-6805-9

Guseva L et al (1956) Experiments on the production of einsteinium and fermium with a cyclotron. J Nucl Energy 3(4):341–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-XCrossRef

Hahn O (1921) Über eine neue radioaktive Substanz im Uran. Ber Dt Chem Ges 54(6):1131–1142. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19210540602CrossRef

Hahn O (1926) Was lehrt uns die Radioaktivität über die Geschichte der Erde? Springer, BerlinCrossRef

Hahn O (1936) Applied radiochemistry. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

Hahn O (1938) Die chemischen Elemente und natürlichen Atomarten. Springer, Berlin

Hahn O (1941) Natürliche und künstliche Umwandlungen der Atomkerne. Verlag Schroll, Wien

Hahn D (1986) Otto Hahn – Mein Leben. Die Erinnerungen des großen Atomforschers und Humanisten, erw. Neuausgabe. Piper-Verlag, München. ISBN 3-492-00838-0

Hahn O, Meitner L (1918) Die Muttersubstanz des Actiniums, ein neues radioaktives Element von langer Lebensdauer. Phys Z 19:208–218. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19180241107CrossRef

Hainer RM (1950) Preparation of UF₆. US 2535572, veröffentlicht 26. Dezember 1950

Haire RG (1978) Report 5485. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge

Haire RG (1986) Preparation, properties, and some recent studies of the actinide metals. J Less Comm Met 121:379–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90554-0CrossRef

Haire RG (1990) Properties of the transplutonium metals (Am-Fm), metals handbook, Bd 2, 10. Aufl. ASM International, Materials Park, S 1198–1201

Haire RG (2006) Californium. In: Fuger J et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 1499–1576. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_11CrossRef

Haire RG (2007) Insights into the bonding and electronic nature of heavy element materials. J Alloys Compd 444–445:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.103CrossRef

Haire RG, Baybarz RD (1973) Identification and analysis of einsteinium sesquioxide by electron diffraction. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35(2):489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(73)80561-5CrossRef

Haire RG, Baybarz RD (1974) Crystal structure and melting point of californium metal. J Inorg Nucl Chem 36(6):1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(74)80067-9CrossRef

Haire RG, Baybarz RD (1979) Studies of einsteinium metal. J Phys 40:C4-101. https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1979431

Haire RG, Eyring L (1994) Lanthanides and actinides chemistry. In: Gschneidner KA Jr et al (Hrsg) Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths. Elsevier-Verlag, New York, S 414–505. ISBN 0-444-81724-7

Haire RG et al (1975) X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies of crystalline einsteinium-III-bromide, ²⁵³EsBr₃. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 11(11):737–742CrossRef

Haire RG et al (1977) Stabilization of Californium(II) in the solid state: californium dichloride, ²⁴⁹CfCl₂, radiochem. Radioanal Lett 31:277–282

Haire RG et al (1984) Henry’s Law vaporization studies and thermodynamics of einsteinium-253 metal dissolved in ytterbium. J Chem Phys 81:473–477CrossRef

Haire RG et al (1987) Studies of selected transuranium and lanthanide tri-iodides under pressure using absorption spectrophotometry. J Less Comm Met 133(1):167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(87)90470-XCrossRef

Haire RG et al (2003) First observation of atomic levels for the element fermium (Z = 100). Phys Rev Lett 90(16):163002PubMedCrossRef

Hall N (2000) The new chemistry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S 9–11. ISBN 0-521-45224-4

Hammond CR (2000) The elements, handbook of chemistry and physics, 81. Aufl. CRC Press, Boca Raton. ISBN 0-8493-0481-4

Harvey BG et al (1954) Further production of transcurium nuclides by neutron irradiation. Phys Rev 93(5):1129. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129CrossRef

Harvey B et al (1956) New isotopes of einsteinium. Phys Rev 104(5):1315–1319. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.104.1315CrossRef

Haschke JM, Allen TH (2001) Plutonium hydride, sesquioxide and monoxide monohydride: pyrophoricity and catalysis of plutonium corrosion. J Alloys Compd 320(1):58–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(01)00932-XCrossRef

Haschke JM et al (2000) Surface and corrosion chemistry of plutonium. Los Alamos Science, Los Alamos, S 252

Haug HO (1967) Curium Sesquioxide Cm₂O₃. J Inorg Nucl Chem 29(11):2753–2758. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(67)80014-9CrossRef

Haug HO, Baybarz RD (1975) Lattice parameters of the actinide tetrafluorides UF₄, BkF₄, and CfF₄. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 11(12):847–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(75)80112-7CrossRef

Hausen DM (1988) Characterizing and classifying uranium yellow cakes: a background. J Min 50(12):45–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-998-0307-5CrossRef

Hawkins NJ et al (1955) Infrared spectrum of plutonium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 23:2191–2192. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1740699CrossRef

Hayashi H (2013) Syntheses and thermal analyses of curium trichloride. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 297(1):139–144CrossRef

Hayashi H et al (2008) Synthesis of americium trichloride by the reaction of americium nitride with cadmium chloride. J Alloys Compd 456:243–246CrossRef

Hayashi H et al (2013) Separation and recovery of Cm from Cm – Pu mixed oxide samples containing Am impurity. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 296(3):1275–1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2304-yCrossRef

Haynes WM (2011) CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics, 92. Aufl. CRC Press, Boca Raton, S 4.121–4.123. ISBN 1439855110

Hecht F, Zacherl MK (1955) Handbuch der Mikrochemischen Methoden. Springer, Wien, ÖsterreichCrossRef

Heinzelmann A (1911) Das Uranhexafluorid, ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des sechswertigen Urans. Dissertation, Universität Danzig

Hektoen L, Corper HJ (1920) The Influence of Thorium X on Antibody-Formation. J Infect Dis 26(4):331–335CrossRef

Henkel P, Klemm W (1935) Magnetochemische Untersuchungen. XII. Das Magnetische Verhalten einiger flüchtiger Fluoride. Z Anorg Chem 222:70–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19352220110CrossRef

Henkie Z, Markowski PJ (1978) Preparation and semiconducting properties of Th₃As₄. J Phys Chem Solid 39(1):39–43CrossRef

Hermens RA, Kendall JB (1993) Gewinnung von Uran aus Lösungen (DE 3587334T2, Siemens AG, veröffentlicht 28. Oktober 1993)

Heyn B et al (1986) Anorganische Synthesechemie: Ein integriertes Praktikum. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 29. ISBN-13: 978-3-642-96955-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96954-6CrossRef

Hobart DE et al (1979) Electrochemical study of mendelevium in aqueous solution: no evidence for monovalent ions. J Inorg Nucl Chem 41(12):1749–1754. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(79)80117-7CrossRef

Hoekstra HR, Gebert E (1977) Some ternary oxides of neptunium and plutonium with the alkali metals. J Inorg Nucl Chem 39:2219–2221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(77)80399-0CrossRef

Hoffman DC et al (1971) Detection of plutonium-244 in nature. Nature 234:132–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/234132a0CrossRef

Hoffman DC, Ghiorso A, Seaborg † GT (2000) The transuranium people. The inside story. Imperial College Press, London. ISBN 1-86094-087-0CrossRef

Hoffman DC et al (2006) Transactinides and the future elements. In: Fuger J et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements, 3. Aufl. Springer, Dordrecht, S 1660/1686. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5

Hoffmann K (1979) Kann man Gold machen? Gauner, Gaukler und Gelehrte. Aus der Geschichte der chemischen Elemente. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig, S 233

Hofmann S (2002) On beyond uranium: journey to the end of the periodic table. CRC Press, Boca Raton, S 40–42. ISBN 0-415-28496-1CrossRef

Holleman AF, Wiberg E, Wiberg N (2007) Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102. Aufl. de Gruyter-Verlag, Berlin, S 1948–1956. / 1969-1972 / 1980 / 2149. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1CrossRef

Holley CE Jr et al (1984) The chemical thermodynamics of actinide elements and compounds, teil 6: the actinide carbides. International Atomic Energy Agency, Wien, S 49–51

Holmyard EJ (1929) Makers of chemistry. Clarendon Press, Oxford, S 267–273

Horovitz CT (2012) Scandium: its occurrence, chemistry, physics, metallurgy, biology and technology. Elsevier-Verlag, Amsterdam, S 50. ISBN 032314451–9

Housecroft CE, Sharpe AG (2005) Inorganic chemistry. Pearson Education, London, S 756

Howard CJ et al (1982) Crystallographic parameters in α-UF₅ and U₂F₉ by multiphase refinement of high-resolution neutron powder data. J Solid State Chem 45:396–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(82)90185-2CrossRef

Huber EJ Jr, Holley CE Jr (1968) Enthalpy of formation of neptunium dioxide. J Chem Eng Data 13(4):545–546. https://doi.org/10.1021/je60039a029CrossRef

Hulet EK (1979) Chapter 12. Chemistry of the heaviest actinides: fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, and lawrencium. In: Edelstein NM (Hrsg) Lanthanide and actinide chemistry and spectroscopy. ACS Symposium, Washington. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1980-0131.ch012. ISBN 978-0-8412-0568-0CrossRef

Hulet EK et al (1979) Non-observance of monovalent Md. J Inorg Nucl Chem 41(12):1743–1747. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(79)80116-5CrossRef

Hulliger F (1966) Thorium monoarsenide. Nature 209:499–500CrossRef

Hummel W et al (2002) Nagra/PSI, Chemical thermodynamic database 01/01. Universal Publishers, Parkland. ISBN 1-58112-620-4

Huray PG et al (1983) Magnetism of the heavy 5f elements. J Less Comm Met 93(2):293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(83)90175-3CrossRef

Huray PG et al (1984) Magnetic properties of Es₂O₃ and EsF₃. Inorg Chim Acta 94:120–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)94587-0CrossRef

Hurst R et al (1953) Plutonium hexafluoride, Part II, preparation and some physical properties, report A.E.R.E. C/R-1312. Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell

Hutchison CA, Weinstock B (1960) Paramagnetic resonance absorption in neptunium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 32:56–61. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1700947CrossRef

Hutchison CA et al (1962) Magnetic susceptibility of neptunium hexafluoride in uranium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 37:555–562. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1701373CrossRef

Ibers JA et al (2011) Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of Np₃S₅ and Np₃Se₅. Inorg Chem 50:1084–1088. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic101915xCrossRefPubMed

Ibers JA et al (2013) Reinvestigation of Np₂Se₅: a clear divergence from Th₂S₅ and Th₂Se₅ in chalcogen – chalcogen and metal – chalcogen interactions. Inorg Chem 52:9111–9118. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401384tCrossRefPubMed

Ihde AJ (1964) The development of modern chemistry. Harper & Row, New York, S 243–256

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire. Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport, www.irsn.fr, Fontenay-aux-Roses, S 16

Jain A et al (2013) The materials project: a materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation. Appl Mat 1:011002

Jander W (1924) Über Darstellung von reinem Uran. Z Anorg Allg Chem 138(1):321–329CrossRef

Jantsch G, Urbach W (1919) Über Verbindungen des Thoriums. I. Über Additions- und Substitutionsverbindungen des Thoriumchlorids. Helv Chim Acta 2:490–500. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19190020152CrossRef

Javorsky CA, Benz R (1967) Phase Equilibria in the Thorium – Thorium monophosphide system. J Nucl Mater 23:192–198CrossRef

Jeapes AP, Fields M (1998) Uranium Hexafluoride Purification. US-Patent 5723837, veröffentlicht am 3. März 1998

Jha PK, Sangal SP (1997) Structural phase transition in uranium arsenide and telluride. Phys Stat Sol 200(1):13–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(199703)200:1CrossRef

Johansson S (1954) Decay of UX₁, UX₂, and UZ. Phys Rev 96(4):1075. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.96.1075CrossRef

Johansson B, Rosengren A (1975) Generalized phase diagram for the rare-earth elements: calculations and correlations of bulk properties. Phys Rev B 11(8):2836–2857. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.11.2836CrossRef

Johnson GK (1979) The enthalpy of formation of uranium hexafluoride. J Chem Thermod 11(5):483–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(79)90126-5CrossRef

Kaji M (2003) Mendeleevs discovery of the periodic law: the origin and the reception. Found Chem 5:189–214CrossRef

Kaldor U, Wilson S (2005) Theoretical chemistry and physics of heavy and superheavy elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 57. ISBN 1-4020-1371-X

Kato Y et al (1996) Solid-liquid phase-equilibria Of Np(VI) and Of U(VI) under controlled CO₂ partial pressures. Radiochim Acta 74:21–25CrossRef

Katz JJ, Manning WM (1952) Chemistry of the actinide elements. Annu Rev Nucl Sci 1:245–262CrossRef

Katz JJ, Rabinowitch E (1951) The chemistry of uranium, Pt. 1. McGraw-Hill, New York, S 564–577

Keenan TK (1961) First observation of aqueous tetravalent curium. J Am Chem Soc 83(17):3719–3720CrossRef

Keenan TK, Asprey LB (1969) Lattice constants of actinide tetrafluorides including berkelium. Inorg Chem 8(2):235–238. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50072a011CrossRef

Keller C (1969/1970) Die Chemie des Neptuniums. Fortschr Chem Forsch 13(1):1–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0051170

Keller C (1971) The chemistry of the transuranium elements. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, S 544

Keller C, Seiffert H (1969) Li₅NpO₆, die erste kristalline Verbindung mit siebenwertigem Neptunium; zur Frage der Existenz von siebenwertigem Plutonium und Americium. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 5:51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(69)80236-9CrossRef

Keller C et al (1965) Die Reaktion der Oxide der Transurane mit Alkalioxiden – I: Ternäre Oxide der sechswertigen Transurane mit Lithium und Natrium. J Inorg Nucl Chem 27:1205–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(65)80083-5CrossRef

Kern S et al (1994) Temperature variation of the structural parameters in actinide tetrafluorides. J Chem Phys 101:9333–9337. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467963CrossRef

Kessie RW (1967) Plutonium and uranium hexafluoride hydrolysis kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev 6(1):105–111. https://doi.org/10.1021/i260021a018CrossRef

Khuyagbaatar J et al (2014) ( ⁴⁸Ca + ²⁴⁹Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z = 117: long-lived α-Decaying ²⁷⁰Db and discovery of ²⁶⁶Lr. Phys Rev Lett 112(17):172501. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501CrossRefPubMed

Kim KC, Mulford RN (1990) Vibrational properties of actinide (U, Np, Pu, Am) hexafluoride molecules. J Mol Struct 207(3–4):293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(90)85031-HCrossRef

Kimura M et al (1968) Electron-diffraction investigation of the hexafluorides of tungsten, osmium, iridium, uranium, neptunium, and plutonium. J Chem Phys 48(8):4001–4012. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1669727CrossRef

King D et al (2012) Synthesis and structure of a terminal uranium nitride complex. Science 337(6095):717–720. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223488CrossRefPubMed

Kirby HW et al (2006) Protactinium. In: Fuger et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 161–252. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5CrossRef

Kirshenbaum I (1943) The physical properties of uranium hexafluoride, technical reports 2M-503; 2R-464; A-753. SAM Labs/U. S. Department of Energy. https://doi.org/10.2172/4416966

Kleinschmidt PD (1989) Sublimation studies of plutonium trifluoride. JNucl Mat 167:131–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(89)90434-0CrossRef

Kleinschmidt PD et al (1984) Henry’s Law vaporization studies and thermodynamics of einsteinium-253 metal dissolved in ytterbium. J Chem Phys 81:473. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.447328CrossRef

Kleinschmidt PD et al (1992a) Sublimation studies of NpF₄. J Chem Phys 97:1950–1953. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463131CrossRef

Kleinschmidt PD et al (1992b) Sublimation studies of NpO₂F₂. J Phys Chem 97:2417–2421. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463080CrossRef

Koch G (1972a) Transurane. In: Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Teil C, System- Nummer 71, Transurane, Teil C. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 7–10. / 33 / 57-67 / 101-106 / 154 / 168 / 187-189 / 194 / 209

Koch G (1972b) Transurane. In: Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Teil A 2, System-Nummer 71, Transurane, Bd 7a. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 289

Koch G (1972c) Transurane. In: Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Teil B 1, System- Nummer 71, Transurane, Bd 7a. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 57–68

Koch L et al (1993) Verfahren zur Trennung von Stoffgemischen durch Lösungsmittelextraktion in wässrig/organischer Phase in Gegenwart von Laserstrahlung und dessen Anwendung zur Trennung von anorganischen und organischen Stoffgemischen. EP 0542179 A1, veröffentlicht 19. Mai 1993

Konings RJM (2001) Thermochemical and thermophysical properties of curium and its oxides. J Nucl Mater 298(3):255–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00652-3CrossRef

Kratz JV (2011) The impact of superheavy elements on the chemical and physical sciences. In: 4th international conference on the chemistry and physics of the transactinide elements, Sochi

Kroll P (2003) Hafnium nitride with thorium phosphide structure: physical properties and an assessment of the Hf-N, Zr-N, and Ti-N phase diagrams at high pressures and temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 90(12):125501PubMedCrossRef

Kronenberg A. PhD, Deutschland. http://www.kernchemie.de

Kruger OL et al (1965) Preparation of plutonium monosulfide and plutonium monophosphide. US 3282656 A, veröffentlicht 26. März 1965

Kruse FH, Asprey LB (1962) A crystalline fluoride complex of tetravalent americium. Inorg Chem 1(1):137–139. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50001a026CrossRef

Kruse FH et al (1965) Crystal structures of the trifluorides, trichlorides, tribromides, and triiodides of americium and curium. Inorg Chem 4(7):985–986. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50029a013CrossRef

Kugel R et al (1976) Isotope effects in the molecular spectrum of plutonium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 65(9):3486–3492. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433575CrossRef

Kulyukhin SA (1983) High-speed method for the separation of fermium from actinides and lanthanides. Radiokhim 25(2):158–161

Kumar N, Tuck DG (1984) The direct electrochemical synthesis of neutral and anionic halogen complexes of uranium(IV) and uranium(VI). Inorg Chim Acta 95(4):211–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)87469-1CrossRef

Laing M (2005) A revised periodic table: with the lanthanides repositioned. Found Chem 7(3):203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-004-5959-9CrossRef

Lange RG, Carroll WP (2008) Review of recent advances of radioisotope power systems. En Convers Manag 49(3):393–401CrossRef

Larson AC et al (1964) The crystal structure of UF₄. Acta Crystallogr 17:555–558. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X64001293CrossRef

Laubereau PG, Burns JH (1970) Microchemical preparation of tricyclopentadienyl compounds of berkelium, californium, and some lanthanide elements. Inorg Chem 9(5):1091–1095. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50087a018CrossRef

Lely D Jr, Hamburger L (1914) Herstellung der Elemente Thorium, Uran, Zirkon und Titan. Z Anorg Allg Chem 87(1):209–228. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19140870114CrossRef

Lemire RJ (2005) Chemical thermodynamics of neptunium and plutonium, 2. Aufl. Elsevier-Verlag, Amsterdam, S 352. ISBN 0-444-50379-X

Lessler RM, Michel MC (1960) Isotopes Np²⁴⁰ and Np²⁴¹. Phys Rev 118(1):263–264. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.118.263CrossRef

Levy JH et al (1975a) The structure of uranium tribromide by neutron diffraction profile analysis. J Less Comm Met 39(2):265–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(75)90200-3CrossRef

Levy JH et al (1975b) The structure of uranium(III) triiodide by neutron diffraction. Acta Crystallogr B 31:880–882. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740875003986CrossRef

Levy JH et al (1976) Structure of fluorides. Part XII. single-crystal neutron diffraction study of uranium hexafluoride at 293 K. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 3:219–224. https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9760000219CrossRef

Levy JH et al (1980) Crystal structure of uranium(IV) tetraiodide by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Inorg Chem 19:672–674. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50205a019CrossRef

Levy JH et al (1983) Neutron powder structural studies of UF₆, MoF₆ and WF₆ at 77 K. J Fluorine Chem 23(1):29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(00)81276-2CrossRef

Lewis BE (1998) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. In: Lexikon der Physik. Springer, Heidelberg

Lide DR (1993) CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, S 4–27. ISBN 084930595-0

Loopstra BO (1970a) The phase transition in α-U₃O₈ at 210 °C. J Appl Cryst 3:94–96. https://doi.org/10.1107/S002188987000571X

Loopstra BO (1970b) The structure of β-U₃O₈. Acta Crystallogr B 26:656–657. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740870002935CrossRef

Loopstra BO, Cordfunke EHP (1966) On the structure of alpha UO₃. Rec Trav Chim Pays-Bas Belg 85:135–142CrossRef

Loopstra BO et al (1977) Neutron powder profile studies of the gamma uranium trioxide phases. J Solid State Chem 20:9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(77)90046-9CrossRef

Los Alamos National Laboratories (2010). http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/neptunium.html

Los Alamos Science (2000) Plutonium – an element that odds with itself. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/00818006.pdf

Lumetta GJ et al (2006) Curium. In: Fuger J et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 1397–1443. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_9CrossRef

Lundqvist RH et al (1981) Electromigration method in tracer studies of complex chemistry. II. Hydrated radii and hydration numbers of trivalent actinides. Acta Chem Scand A 35:653–661. https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.35a-0653CrossRef

MacDonald MR et al (2013) Identification of the +2 oxidation state for uranium in a crystalline molecular complex, [K(2.2.2-Cryptand)][(C₅H₄SiMe₃)₃U]. J Am Chem Soc 135:13310–13313. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja406791tCrossRefPubMed

Macintyre JE et al (1992) Dictionary of inorganic compounds. Chapman and Hall, CRC Press, London, S. 2826 / 3511 / 3783. ISBN 978-0-412-30120-9CrossRef

Malm JG et al (1955) Infrared Spectra of NpF₆ and PuF₆. J Chem Phys 23:2192–2193. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1740700CrossRef

Malm JG et al (1958) The preparation and properties of NpF₆; a comparison with PuF₆. J Phys Chem 62(12):1506–1508. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150570a009CrossRef

Malm JG et al (1959) Vapour-Pressures of NpF₆ and PuF₆; Thermodynamic calculations with UF₆, NpF₆ and PuF₆. J Inorg Nucl Chem 11(2):104–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(59)80054-3CrossRef

Malm JG et al (1984) Low temperature synthesis of plutonium hexafluoride using dioxygen difluoride. J Am Chem Soc 106(9):2726–2727. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00321a056CrossRef

Malý J (1967) The amalgamation behaviour of heavy elements 1. Observation of anomalous preference in formation of amalgams of californium, einsteinium, and fermium. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 3(9):373–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(67)80046-1CrossRef

Mandleberg CJ et al (1953) Plutonium hexafluoride, Part I, preparation and some physical properties, Report A.E.R.E. C/R-1172. Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell

Mandleberg CJ et al (1956) Plutonium hexafluoride. JInorg Nucl Chem 2(5–6):358–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(56)80090-0CrossRef

Marsden C et al (2008) Simple N≡UF₃ and P≡UF₃ molecules with triple bonds to uranium. Angew Chem Int Ed 47(29):5366–5370. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200801120CrossRef

Martella LL et al (1984) Laboratory-scale evaluations of alternative plutonium precipitation methods. United States Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak RidgeCrossRef

Martienssen W, Warlimont H (2006) Springer handbook of condensed matter and materials data. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 462–464. ISBN 3-540-30437-1

Martin WC et al (1974) Ground levels and Ionization potentials for lanthanide and actinide atoms and ions. J Phys Chem Ref Data Monogr 3(3):771–779. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3253147CrossRef

Martin RC et al (2000) Applications of californium-252 neutron sources. Appl Radiat Isot 53(4–5):785–792PubMedCrossRef

Masi JF (1949) The heats of vaporization of uranium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 17:755–758. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1747395CrossRef

Matthews RB et al (1988) Fabrication and testing of uranium nitride fuel for space power reactors. J Nucl Mat 151(3):345. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(88)90029-3CrossRef

McDonald BJ, Stuart WI (1960) The crystal structures of some plutonium borides. Acta Crystallogr 13:447–448. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X60001059CrossRef

McGuire SA (1991) Chemical toxicity of uranium hexafluoride compared to acute effects of radiation, NUREG-1391. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, RockvilleCrossRef

McKay A (1984) The making of the atomic age. Oxford University Press, Oxford

McManus JF et al (2004) Collapse and rapid resumption of atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature 428:834–837PubMedCrossRef

McMillan E, Abelson PH (1940) Radioactive element 93. Phys Rev 57:1185–1186. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.57.1185.2CrossRef

McNamara B et al (2009) Thermal reactions of uranium metal, UO₂, U₃O₈, UF₄, and UO₂F₂ with NF₃ to produce UF₆. J Nucl Mat 394(2–3):166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.09.004CrossRef

McWhan DB et al (1962) Crystal structure, thermal expansion and melting point of Americium metal. J Inorg Nucl Chem 24(9):1025–1038CrossRef

McWhan DB et al (1990) Magnetic x-ray-scattering study of uranium arsenide. Phys Rev B Cond Matter 42(10):6007–6017CrossRef

Meek T et al (2000) Semiconductive properties of uranium oxides. Materials Science Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Meitner L (1906a) Wärmeleitung in inhomogenen Körpern. Dissertation, II. Physikalisches Institut der k. k. Universität Wien

Meitner L (1906b) Über die Absorption der α- und β-Strahlen. Phys Z 7:588–590

Meitner L, Hahn O (1919) Über das Protactinium und die Frage nach der Möglichkeit seiner Herstellung als chemisches Element. Naturwiss 7(33):611–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01498184CrossRef

Mendelejew DI (1871) Zur Frage über das System der chemischen Elemente. Ber Dt Chem Ges 4:348–352CrossRef

Mendelejew DI (1880) Zur Geschichte des periodischen Gesetzes. Ber Dt Chem Ges 12:1796–1804CrossRef

Mendelejew DI Die periodische Gesetzmässigkeit der chemischen Elemente. J Lieb Ann Chem Pharm Suppl 8(2):1871

Meyer L (1873) Zur Systematik der anorganischen Chemie. Ber Dt Chem Ges 6:101–106CrossRef

Meyer L (1880) Zur Geschichte der periodischen Atomistik. Ber Dt Chem Ges 13:259–265CrossRef

Meyer K (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a uranium(II) monoarene complex supported by δ backbonding. Angew Chem Int Ed 53(28):7158–7162. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402050CrossRef

Meyer G, Morss LR (1991) Synthesis of lanthanide and actinide compounds. Springer, Dordrecht, S 77. ISBN 0-7923-1018-7CrossRef

Mihalisin TW et al (1980) Crystalline electric field and structural effects in f-electron systems. Plenum Press, New York, S 269–274. ISBN 0-306-40443-5

Mikheev NB et al (1972) Reduction of fermium to divalent state in chloride aqueous ethanolic solutions. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 8(11):929–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(72)80202-2CrossRef

Mikheev NB et al (1977) Determination of oxidation potential of the pair Fm²⁺/Fm³⁺. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 13(12):651–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(77)80074-3CrossRef

Mikheev NB et al (1983) High-speed method for the separation of fermium from actinides and lanthanides. Radiokhim 25(2):158–161

Mills TR, Reese LW (1994) Separation of plutonium and americium by low-temperature fluorination. J Alloys Compd 213–214:360–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)90931-8CrossRef

Milman V et al (2003) Crystal structures of curium compounds: an ab initio study. J Nucl Mat 322(2–3):165–179CrossRef

Milner GWC et al (1966) The analysis of plutonium silicides and plutonium silicon carbides, Report AERE-R 5280. United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell

Minato K et al (2003) Fabrication of nitride fuels for transmutation of minor actinides. J Nucl Mat 320(1–2):18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(03)00163-6CrossRef

Mondal JU et al (1987) The enthalpy of solution of ²⁴³Am metal and the standard enthalpy of formation of Am³⁺ (aq). Thermochim Acta 116:235–240CrossRef

Mooney RCL (1949) The crystal structure of ThCl₄ and UCl₄. Acta Crystallogr 2:189–191. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X49000485CrossRef

Morss LR et al (1987) Enthalpy of formation and magnetic susceptibility of californium sesquioxide, Cf₂O₃. J Less Comm Met 127:251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(87)90385-7CrossRef

Morss LR et al (1993) Preparation, chemical reactions, and some physical properties of neptunium pentafluoride. J Alloys Compd 194(1):133–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(93)90658-ACrossRef

Morss LR et al (1994) Structural studies of Li₅ReO₆, Li₄NpO₅ and Li₅NpO₆ by neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. J Alloys Compd 203:289–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)90748-xCrossRef

Moser WS, Navratil JD (1984) Review of major plutonium pyrochemical technology. J Less Comm Met 100:171–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(84)90062-6CrossRef

Mosley WC (1972) Phases and transformations in the curium-oxygen system. J Inorg Nucl Chem 34(2):539–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(72)80434-2CrossRef

Nagame Y et al (2009) Oxidation of element 102, nobelium, with flow electrolytic column chromatography on an atom-at-a-time scale. J Am Chem Soc 131(26):9180–9181PubMedCrossRef

Nakajima und T, Groult H (2005) Fluorinated materials for energy conversion. Elsevier-Verlag, Amsterdam, S 559

Natkunarajah J, Cliff S (2009) Thorium X treatment: multiple basal cell carcinomas within a port-wine stain. Clin Exper Dermatol 34:e189–e191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03012.xCrossRef

Nave SE et al (1986) Magnetic susceptibility of CfN, CfAs and CfSb. J Less Comm Met 121:319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(86)90548-5CrossRef

Nave SE et al (1987) Magnetic susceptibility of CfCl₃ and its dependence on crystal structure. J Less Comm Met 127:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(87)90361-4CrossRef

Neck V et al (1992) Solubility and hydrolysis behaviour of neptunium(V). Radiochim Acta 56:25–30CrossRef

Nikonov MV et al (1994) Synthesis and characterization of Np(VI, VII) mixed-valence compound. Radiochem 36:237–238

Nilsson S, Jonsson M (2011) H₂O₂ and radiation induced dissolution of UO₂ and SIMFUEL pellets. J Nucl Mat 410(1–3):89–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.020CrossRef

Nishimura M, Sugikawa S (1979) Method for purifying plutonium hexafluoride. US 4172114, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, veröffentlicht 23. Oktober 1979

Noddack I (1934a) Das Periodische System der Elemente und seine Lücken. Angew Chem 47(20):301–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19340472002CrossRef

Noddack I (1934b) Über das Element 93. Angew Chem 47(37):653–655. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19340473707CrossRef

Noé M, Fuger J (1971) Self-radiation effects on the lattice parameter of ²⁴⁴CmO₂. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 7(5):421–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(71)80177-0CrossRef

Noé M, Peterson JR (1975) Preparation and study of elemental californium-249. In: Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on the transplutonium elements. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam/Baden-Baden, 13.–17. Sept 1975

Noé M et al (1970) Some recent Observations on Curium Sesquioxide. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 6(1):111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(70)80294-XCrossRef

Noël H (1996) Crystal structure and physical properties of β-USe₂ and USe_2−xTe_x (x= 0.24 and 0.72). J Solid State Chem 126:22–26. https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1996.0304CrossRef

Noël H et al (2000) A new ternary uranium arsenide, U₄Ru₇As₆. J Alloys Compd 302(1–2):L1–L2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(99)00584-8CrossRef

Novion CH de, Lorenzelli R (1968) Proprietes electroniques du monocarbure et du mononitrure de neptunium. J Phys Chem Solid 29(10):1901–1905. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(68)90174-1

Nugent LJ (1975) MTP. Int Rev Sci, Inorg Chem, Ser One 7:195–219

Nugent LJ et al (1969) Intramolecular energy transfer and sensitized luminescence in actinide(III) .beta.-diketone chelates. J Phys Chem 73(5):1540–1549. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100725a060CrossRef

Nugent LJ et al (1974) Electronic configuration in the ground state of atomic lawrencium. Phys Rev A 9(6):2270–2272. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.9.2270CrossRef

Nurmia M (2003) Nobelium. Chem Eng News 81(36):27–29CrossRef

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1984) The chemistry of berkelium. Adv Inorg Chem Radiochem 28:42

OECD Nuclear Energy Agency und Internationale Atomenergieorganisation (2008) Uranium 2007: resources, production and demand. OECD Publishing, Washington DC. ISBN 978-92-64-04768-6

Okamoto Y et al (1998) Structure and dynamic properties of molten uranium trichloride. J Alloys Compd 271–273:355–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00087-5CrossRef

Okamoto Y et al (2005) X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulation studies of molten uranium chloride. J Nucl Mater 344(1–3):109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.04.026CrossRef

Oliver GD et al (1953) The vapor pressure and critical constants of uranium hexafluoride. J Am Chem Soc 75(12):2827–2829. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01108a011CrossRef

Olson WM, Mulford RNR (1966) The melting point and decomposition pressure of neptunium mononitride. J Phys Chem 70:2932–2934. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100881a035CrossRef

Ono F et al (1971) Preparation of uranium phosphide from uranium tetrafluoride. J Nucl Sci Tech 8(10):553–557CrossRef

Östlin A, Vitos L (2011) First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals. Phys Rev B 84(11):113104. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104CrossRef

Paine RT et al (1974) Vibrational spectrum and force field of uranium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 61(9):3571–3580. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1682537CrossRef

Pattison Muir MM (1975) A history of chemical theories and laws. Arno Press, New York, S 353–375

Peacock RD, Edelstein N (1976) Some reactions of neptunium hexafluoride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 38:771–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(76)80353-3CrossRef

Peacock RD, Edelstein N (1997) High pressure X-ray diffraction experiments on NpS and PuS up to 60 GPa. High Press Res 15(6):387–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959708240482CrossRef

Peehs M et al (2007) Uranium, uranium alloys, and uranium compounds. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a27_281.pub2CrossRef

Peggs S et al (2012) Thorium energy futures. In: Proceedings of IPAC, New Orleans

Penneman RA, Mann JB (1976) Calculation chemistry of the superheavy elements; comparison with elements of the 7th period. In: Proceedings of the Moscow symposium on the chemistry of transuranium elements, S 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-020638-7.50053-1

Penneman RA et al (1973) Structural systematics in actinide fluoride complexes. Struct Bond 13:1–52CrossRef

Peppard DF et al (1951) Isolation of microgram quantities of naturally-occurring plutonium and examination of its isotopic composition. J Am Chem Soc 73(6):2529–2531CrossRef

Pereira CCL et al (2013) Synthesis and properties of uranium sulfide cations. An evaluation of the stability of thiouranyl, {S=U=S}²⁺. Inorg Chem 52(24):14162–14167. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic4020493CrossRefPubMed

Pernel C et al (2001) Partitioning of americium metal from rare earth fission products by electrorefining. In: Proceedings on pyrochemical separations. Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD Workshop, Avignon, S 275–284. ISBN 978-92-64-18443-5

Perry DL (2011) Handbook of inorganic compounds, 2. Aufl. CRC Press, Boca Raton, S 488–489

Persson K (2016) Materials data on Np₃Te₄ by materials project. https://doi.org/10.17188/1274723

Peterson JR (1967) The solution absorption spectrum of Bk³⁺ and the crystallography of berkelium dioxide, sesquioxide, trichloride, oxychloride, and trifluoride. PhD thesis, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, UCRL-17875

Peterson JR, Burns JH (1968) Preparation and crystal structure of californium oxyfluoride, CfOF. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(11):2955–2958. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(68)80155-1CrossRef

Peterson JR, Burns JH (1973) Single crystal and powder diffraction studies of curium-248 trichloride, ²⁴⁸CmCl₃. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35:1525–1530CrossRef

Peterson JR, Cunningham BB (1967) Crystal structures and lattice parameters of the compounds of Berkelium I. Berkelium dioxide and cubic berkelium sesquioxide. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 3(9):327–336CrossRef

Peterson JR, Cunningham BB (1968a) Crystal structures and lattice parameters of the compounds of berkelium IV. Berkelium trifluoride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(7):1775–1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(68)80353-7CrossRef

Peterson JR, Cunningham BB (1968b) Crystal structures and lattice parameters of the compounds of Berkelium II. Berkelium trichloride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(3):823–828CrossRef

Peterson JR, Hobart DE (1984) The chemistry of Berkelium. In: Emeléus HJ (Hrsg) Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry. Academic Press, Cambridge, S 53. ISBN 0-12-023628-1

Peterson JR et al (1969) The solution absorption spectrum of Es³⁺. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 5(4):245–250CrossRef

Peterson JR et al (1971) The crystal structures and lattice parameters of berkelium metal. J Inorg Nucl Chem 33(10):3345–3351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(71)80656-5CrossRef

Peterson JR et al (1978) Spectrophotometric studies of transcurium element halides and oxyhalides in the solid state. J Radioanal Chem 43(2):479–488CrossRef

Peterson JR et al (1983) X-ray Diffraction study of californium metal to 16 GPa. J Less Comm Met 93(2):353–356CrossRef

Peterson JR et al (1986) Absorption spectrophotometric and X-ray diffraction studies of the trichlorides of berkelium-249 and californium-249. Inorg Chem 25(21):3779–3782. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00241a015CrossRef

Pietsch EHE (1977) Uran. In: Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, Teil A, System-Nummer 55, Teil A. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 121–123

Podorozhnyi AM et al (1977) Determination of oxidation potential of the pair Fm²⁺/Fm³⁺. Inorg Nucl Chem Lett 13(12):651–656CrossRef

Polinski MJ et al (2014) Unusual structure, bonding and properties in a californium borate. Nat Chem 6(5):387–392. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1896CrossRefPubMed

Porter JA (1964) Production of neptunium dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Proc Design Devel 3(4):289–292. https://doi.org/10.1021/i260012a001CrossRef

Porter CE et al (1997) Fermium purification using Teva Resin extraction chromatography. Sep Sci Technol 32(1–4):83–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399708003188CrossRef

Pötsch WR (1988) Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig, S 324. ISBN 3-323-00185-0

Punjak WA et al (2001) Americium Extraction via in Situ Chlorination of Plutonium Metal. In: Proceedings on pyrochemical separations. Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD Workshop, Avignon, S 275–284. ISBN 978-92-64-18443-5

Rabideau SW, Campbell GM (1987) Photochemical preparation of plutonium pentafluoride. US 4670239, US Energy Department, veröffentlicht 2. Juni 1987

Radchenko VM (2004) Synthesis and study of binary actinide and lanthanide compounds: XXV. Curium carbides. Radiochem 46(1):6–11CrossRef

Rao L et al (2006) Thermodynamics of Neptunium(V) Fluoride and sulfate at elevated temperatures, report # 59805. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, BerkeleyCrossRef

Raschella DL et al (1982) First determination of the enthalpy of solution of californium metal. Radiochim Acta 30:41–43CrossRef

Rezendes VS (1992) Plutonium processing in the nuclear weapons complex. Diane Publishing Co., Collingdale, S 21. ISBN 978-1-56806-568-7

Richter K, Sari C (1987) Phase relationships in the neptunium-oxygen system. J Nucl Mat 148(3):266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(87)90019-5CrossRef

Rife P (1992) Lise Meitner and the dawn of the nuclear age. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Berlin

Rivard MJ (2006) Dosimetry for Californium-252 (²⁵²Cf) Neutron-emitting Brachytherapy Sources and Encapsulation, Storage, and Clinical Delivery Thereof. US 7118524, New England Medical Center Inc., veröffentlicht 10. Oktober 2006

Roberts KE et al (2003) Precipitation of crystalline neptunium dioxide from near-neutral aqueous solution. Radiochim Acta 91(2):87–92CrossRef

Roddy JW (1974) Americium metallides: AmAs, AmSb, AmBi, Am₃Se₄, and AmSe₂. J Inorg Nucl Chem 36(11):2531–2533. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(74)80466-5CrossRef

Rodriguez G et al (2011) Ultrafast hopping dynamics of 5f electrons in the mott insulator UO₂ studied by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 107(20):207402–207405. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.207402CrossRef

Roesch N, Streitwieser A (1983) Quasirelativistic SCF-Xalpha Scattered-wave study of uranocene, thorocene, and cerocene. J Am Chem Soc 105(25):7237–7240. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00363a004CrossRef

Røst S (2019) Private Mitteilung

Ronen Y et al (2000) A novel method for energy production using ^242mAm as a nuclear fuel. Nucl Technol 129(3):407–417CrossRef

Rosenheim A et al (1903) Über Verbindungen des Thoriums. Z Anorg Chem 35:424–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19030350157CrossRef

Ruff O (1909) Über einige neue Fluoride. Chem Ber 42(1):495–497. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19090420175CrossRef

Ruff O, Heinzelmann A (1911) Über das Uranhexafluorid. Z Anorg Chem 72(1):63–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19110720106Deutschland, 1999). ISBN 0-8176-3732-XCrossRef

Runde WH, Schulz WW (2006) Americium. In: Fuger et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 1265–1395. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_8CrossRef

Salvato D (2016) Innovative preparation route for uranium carbide using citric acid as a carbon source. Ceram Int 42(15):16710–16717CrossRef

Sato TK et al (2015) Measurement of the first ionization potential of lawrencium, element 103. Nature 520:209–211. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14342. PMID 25855457CrossRefPubMed

Satyanarayana BS (1942) The fluorescence of the uranyl compounds and the raman spectrum of the uranyl ion. Proc Math Sci 15(5):414–416CrossRef

Schleid T et al (1987) Ternary chlorides of americium, A₂AmCl₅ (A = K, NH₄, Rb) and a facile synthesis of americium trichloride, AmCl₃. J Less Comm Met 127:183–187CrossRef

Schmidt F (1906) Kompendium der praktischen Photographie, 10. Aufl. Nemnich-Verlag, Leipzig, S. 191 / 268 / 291/339

Schubert F (2009) Die deutsche Marie Curie, Berühmte Niederrheiner. Rheinische Post, Düsseldorf, Bd 36, B 6, 15. August 2009

Schück H et al (1972) The man and his prizes, 3. Aufl. Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York. ISBN 978-0-444-00117-7

Scott RB et al (1948) The low temperature heat capacities, enthalpies, and entropies of UF₄ and UF₆. J Chem Phys 16:429–436. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1746914CrossRef

Seaborg GT (1942) Metallurgical laboratory report CN-125. University of Chicago, Chicago

Seaborg GT (1946) The transuranium elements. Science 104(2704):379–386PubMedCrossRef

Seaborg GT, Brown HS (1961) Preparation of neptunium hexafluoride. US 2982604, veröffentlicht 25. April 1961

Seaborg GT et al (1949a) The new element americium (Atomic Number 95). In: The transuranium elements: research papers, paper no. 22.1. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York

Seaborg GT et al (1949b) The new element curium (atomic number 96), National Nuclear Energy Series, Plutonium Project Record, Bd. 14 B. In: The transuranium elements: research papers, paper no. 22.2. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York

Seaborg GT et al (1950a) New isotopes of neptunium. Phys Rev 78(4):363–372. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.363CrossRef

Seaborg GT et al (1950b) The isotopes of americium. Phys Rev 79(3):530–531. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.79.530CrossRef

Seaborg GT et al (1950c) Chemical properties of berkelium. J Am Chem Soc 72(10):4832–4835CrossRef

Seaborg GT et al (1950d) The new element berkelium (atomic number 97). Phys Rev 80(5):781–789CrossRef

Seaborg GT et al (1955a) New element mendelevium, atomic number 101. Phys Rev 98(5):1518–1519CrossRef

Seaborg GT et al (1955b) Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA W. M. Manning et al., Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA R. W. Spence et al., Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, New elements einsteinium and fermium, atomic numbers 99 and 100. Phys Rev 99(3):1048–1049

Seaborg GT et al (1958) Element No. 102. Phys Rev Lett 1(1):18–21CrossRef

Seaborg GT et al (2000) The transuranium people, the inside story. Imperial College Press, S 190–191. ISBN 978-1-86094-087-3

Seelmann-Eggebert W et al (2006) Karlsruher Nuklidkarte, 7. Aufl. Nucleonica, Karlsruhe

Seifritz W (1984) Nukleare Sprengkörper – Bedrohung oder Energieversorgung für die Menschheit. Thiemig-Verlag, München. ISBN 3-521-06143–4

Seitz F, Turnbull D (1964) Solid state physics: advances in research and applications. Academic Press, New York, S 289–291. ISBN 0-12-607716–9

Sellers PA (1954) The preparation of some protactinium compounds and the metal. J Am Chem Soc 76:5935–5938. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01652a011CrossRef

Serizawa H et al (2001) The estimation of the heat capacity of NpO₂. J Chem Thermod 33(6):615–628. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.2000.0775CrossRef

Serrano K et al (2000) Preparation of uranium by electrolysis in chloride melt. J Nucl Mater 282(2–3):137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00423-2CrossRef

Sewtz M et al (2003) First observation of atomic levels for the element fermium (Z=100). Phys Rev Lett 90(16):163002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163002CrossRefPubMed

Sexl L, Hardy A (2002) Lise Meitner. Rowohlt-Verlag, Reinbek. ISBN 3-499-50439-1

Seyam AM (1985) Observations on the reaction of uranium tetrachloride and dichlorodioxouranium(VI) with lithium alkyls. Inorg Chim Acta 10(2):123–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)84567-3CrossRef

Seyferth D (2004) Uranocene. The first member of a new class of organometallic derivatives of the f elements. Organomet 23(15):3562–3583. https://doi.org/10.1021/om0400705CrossRef

Sharma BK (2001) Nuclear and radiation chemistry – transuranium elements. Krishna Prakashan Media, Meerut, S 128–129. ISBN 9788185842639

Sheft I, Fried S (1953) Neptunium compounds. J Am Chem Soc 75:1236–1237. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01101a067CrossRef

Shein IR, Ivanovskii AL (2010) Ab initio study of elastic and electronic properties of cubic thorium pnictides ThPn and Th₃Pn₄ (Pn = P, As and Sb). https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1009/1009.4282.pdf

Siegel S et al (1966) The crystal structure of high-pressure UO₃. Acta Crystallogr 20:292–295. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X66000562CrossRef

Sigmon GE et al (2009) Uranyl-peroxide interactions favor nanocluster self-assembly. J Am Chem Soc 131:16648–16649. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja907837uCrossRefPubMed

Silva RJ (2006) Fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, and lawrencium. In: Fuger J et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements, Bd 3, 3. Aufl. Springer, Dordrecht, S 1621–1651CrossRef

Silva RJ et al (1995) Chemical thermodynamics of americium. In: Mompean FJ et al (Hrsg) Chemical thermodynamics, Bd 2. Elsevier-Verlag, Amsterdam, S 117

Silva GWC et al (2008) Manufacturing methods for (U-Zr)N-fuels. Chem Mater 20:3076CrossRef

Silva GWC et al (2009) Reaction sequence and kinetics of uranium nitride decomposition. Inorg Chem 48(22):10635–10642. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic901165jCrossRefPubMed

Silva GWC et al (2012) Crystal and electronic structures of neptunium nitrides synthesized using a fluoride route. J Am Chem Soc 134(6):3111–3119. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja209503nCrossRefPubMed

Sime RL (2001) Lise Meitner. Ein Leben für die Physik. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig. ISBN 3-458-17066-9

Sluys WG van der et al (1992) Synthesis of actinide nitrides, phosphides, sulfides and oxides. US 5128112, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, DC, veröffentlicht 7. Juli 1992

Smirnov AI et al (1985) Production of microgram quantities of einsteinium-253 by the reactor irradiation of Californium. Inorg Chim Acta 110(1):25–26CrossRef

Smithells A (1883) On some fluorine compounds of uranium. J Chem Soc, Trans 43:125–135. https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8834300125CrossRef

Snyder MJ, Tripler AB Jr (1960) Some refractory uranium compounds – preparation and properties. American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International

Sokolov VB et al (2002) Low-Temperature Synthesis of Plutonium Hexafluoride. Atom Energy 92(1):57–63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015106730457CrossRef

Sokolov VB et al (2003) Reduction of plutonium hexafluoride using gaseous reagents. Atom Energy 95(4):701–708. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ATEN.0000010988.94533.24CrossRef

Spectrum.de (1998) Lexikon der Chemie – Plutoniumverbindungen. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg

Spirlet JC et al (1987) In: Emeléus HJ, Sharpe AG Advances in inorganic chemistry, Bd 31. Academic, Orlando S 1–41

Stakebake JL et al (1993) Characterization of the plutonium-water reaction II: formation of a binary oxide containing Pu(VI). J Alloys Compd 202(1–2):251–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(93)90547-ZCrossRef

Steindler MJ (1963) Laboratory investigations in support of fluid-bed fluoride volatility processes, Part II, the properties of plutonium hexafluoride, report ANL-6753. Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont. https://doi.org/10.2172/4170539CrossRef

Steindler MJ, Gunther WH (1964) The absorption spectrum of plutonium hexafluoride. Spectrochim Acta A 20(8):1319–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/0371-1951(64)80159-4CrossRef

Steindler MJ et al (1958) The fluorination of plutonium tetrafluoride, report ANL-5875. Argonne National Laboratory, LemontCrossRef

Steindler MJ et al (1959) The fluorination of plutonium tetrafluoride and plutonium dioxide by fluorine. Nucl Sci Eng 6(4):333–340CrossRef

Steindler MJ et al (1964) The decomposition of plutonium hexafluoride by gamma radiation. J Inorg Nucl Chem 26(11):1869–1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(64)80011-7CrossRef

Stevenson JN, Peterson JR (1973) The trigonal and orthorhombic crystal structures of CfF₃ and their temperature relationship. J Inorg Nucl Chem 35(10):3481–3486. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(73)80356-2CrossRef

Stevenson JN, Peterson JR (1979) Preparation and structural studies of elemental curium-248 and the nitrides of Curium-248 and Berkelium-249. J Less Comm Met 66(2):201–210CrossRef

Stevenson JN et al (1975) Crystallographic studies of some transuranic trihalides: ²³⁹PuCl₃, ²⁴⁴CmBr₃, ²⁴⁹BkBr₃ and ²⁴⁹CfBr₃. J Inorg Nucl Chem 37(3):743–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(75)80532-XCrossRef

Stirling WG et al (1983) Phonons in uranium antimonide and uranium arsenide. J Phys C: Solid State Phys 16(21):4093CrossRef

Stites JG et al (1955) Preparation of actinium metal. J Am Chem Soc 77(1):237–240CrossRef

Street K Jr et al (1950) Chemical properties of californium. J Am Chem Soc 72(10):4832. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01166a528CrossRef

Streitwieser A, Mueller-Westerhoff U (1968) Bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)uranium (uranocene). A new class of sandwich complexes that utilize atomic f orbitals. J Am Chem Soc 90(26):7364–7364. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01028a044CrossRef

Studier MH et al (1954) Elements 99 and 100 from Pile-Irradiated Plutonium. Phys Rev 93(6):1428. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428CrossRef

Stump NA et al (1993) Stokes and anti-Stokes luminescence from the trihalides of curium-248. Radiochim Acta 61(3–4):129–136. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1993.61.34.129CrossRef

Suzuki T (2007) Separation of americium and curium by use of tertiary pyridine resin in nitric acid/methanol mixed solvent system. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 272:257–262CrossRef

Tabuteau A, Pagès M (1985) Neptunium. In: Freeman AJ, Keller C (Hrsg) Handbook on the physics and chemistry of the actinides, 3. Aufl. Elsevier-Verlag, Amsterdam, S 184–241

Tagawa H (1976) Process for the production of uranium trifluoride. US 3976750, veröffentlicht 24. August 1976

Takano M et al (1999) Synthesis of americium mononitride by carbothermic reduction method. In: Proceedings of the international conference on future nuclear systems, Jackson Hole

Takano M et al (2008) Lattice thermal expansions of NpN, PuN, and AmN. J Nucl Mater 376:114–118CrossRef

Takano M et al (2014) Thermal expansion and self-irradiation damage in curium nitride lattice. J Nucl Mat 448(1–3):66–71CrossRef

Takeuchi K et al (1997) Structure and bond nature of the UF₅ monomer. Inorg Chem 36(9):1934–1938. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic961237sCrossRefPubMed

Tannenbaum IR, Florin AE (1953) An improved apparatus for the preparation of plutonium hexafluoride, report LA-1580. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos

Taylor JC, Waugh AB (1980) Neutron diffraction study of β-uranium pentafluoride between 77 and 403 K. J Solid State Chem 35(2):137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(80)90485-5CrossRef

Taylor JC, Wilson PW (1973) A Neutron-diffraction study of anhydrous uranium tetrachloride. Acta Crystallogr B 29:1942–1944. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740873005790CrossRef

Taylor JC, Wilson PW (1975) The structures of fluorides X. Neutron powder diffraction profile studies of UF₆ at 193°K and 293°K. J Solid State Chem 14(4):378–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(75)90059-6CrossRef

Taylor JC et al (1973) The structures of fluorides. I. Deviations from ideal symmetry in the structure of crystalline UF₆: a neutron diffraction analysis. Acta Crystallogr B 29:7–12. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740873001895CrossRef

Templeton DH, Dauben CH (1953) Crystal structures of americium compounds. J Am Chem Soc 75(18):4560–4562. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01114a051CrossRef

Templeton DH et al (1964) The crystal structure of thorium tetraiodide. Inorg Chem 3:639–644. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50015a007CrossRef

The Nuclear Metals XXXX. http://www.thenuclearmetals.com

Thévenin T et al (1982) Crystallographic and magnetic studies of a new neptunium selenide: Np₂Se₅. J Less Comm Met 84:133–137CrossRef

Thévenin T et al (1985) Crystal chemistry and ²³⁷Np mossbauer investigations on neptunium oxide chalcogenides NpOS and NpOSe. Mater Res Bull 20:723–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(85)90151-5CrossRef

Thompson SG (1956) New isotopes of einsteinium. Phys Rev 104(5):1315–1319CrossRef

Thompson SG, Cunningham BB (1958) First Macroscopic observations of the chemical properties of berkelium and californium, supplement to paper P/825. In: Second international conference of peaceful uses atomic energy, Genf

Thompson SG et al (1950a) Element 97. Phys Rev 77(6):838–839. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.77.838.2CrossRef

Thompson SG et al (1950b) Element 98. Phys Rev 78(3):298. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.298.2CrossRef

Thompson SG et al (1950c) The new element californium (atomic number 98). Phys Rev 80(5):790. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.80.790CrossRef

Thompson SG et al (1950d) Chemical properties of berkelium. J Am Chem Soc 72(6):2798–2801. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a538CrossRef

Thompson SG et al (1954a) Transcurium isotopes produced in the neutron irradiation of plutonium. Phys Rev 93(4):908. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.908CrossRef

Thompson SG et al (1954b) Chemical properties of elements 99 and 100. J Am Chem Soc 76(24):6229–6236. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a004CrossRef

Thompson SG et al (1956) A new eluant for the separation of the actinide elements. J Inorg Nucl Chem 2(1):66–68CrossRef

Thorpe JF, Kon GAR (1925) Cyclopentanone. Organic Synth 5:37. https://doi.org/10.15227/orgsyn.005.0037CrossRef

Tilk W, Klemm W (1939) Magnetochemische Untersuchungen. XXXI. Über den Paramagnetismus von Verbindungen des sechswertigen Chroms, Molybdäns, Wolframs und Urans. Z Anorg Chem 240:355–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400408CrossRef

Tollerud DJ et al (2010) Mortality patterns among paducah gaseous diffusion plant workers. J Occup Environ Med 52(7):725–732PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Tollerud DJ et al (2011) Increased suicide risk among workers following toxic metal exposure at the Paducah gaseous diffusion plant from 1952 to 2003: a cohort study. Int J Occup Environ Med 2(4):199–214PubMed

Toumanov IN (2007) Plasma and high frequency processes for obtaining and processing materials in the nuclear fuel cycle, 2. Aufl. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge. ISBN 978-1-60021-613-8

Toyoshima A et al (2009) Oxidation of element 102, nobelium, with flow electrolytic column chromatography on an atom-at-a-time scale. J Am Chem Soc 131(26):9180–9181. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9030038CrossRefPubMed

Toyoshima A et al (2013) Measurement of the Md³⁺/Md²⁺ reduction potential studied with flow electrolytic chromatography. Inorg Chem 52(21):12311–12313. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401571hCrossRefPubMed

Trevorrow LE et al (1961) The thermal decomposition of plutonium hexafluoride. J Phys Chem 65(3):398–403. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100821a003CrossRef

Trevorrow LE et al (1968a) Laboratory investigations in support of fluid-bed fluoride volatility processes, Part XVII, The fluorination of neptunium(IV) fluoride and neptunium(IV) oxide, Report ANL-7385. Argonne National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.2172/4492135

Trevorrow LE et al (1968b) The Fluorination of neptunium(IV) fluoride and neptunium(IV) oxide. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(10):2671–2677. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(68)80394-XCrossRef

Uhlíř J, Marečeka M (2009) Fluoride volatility method for reprocessing of LWR and FR fuels. J Fluor Chem 130(1):89–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.07.002CrossRef

Van Arkel AE, De Boer JH (1925) Darstellung von reinem Titanium-, Zirkonium-, Hafnium- und Thoriummetall. Z Anorg Allg Chem 148(1):345–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19251480133CrossRef

Volkmer AM (1996) Basiswissen Kernenergie. Hamburgische Elektricitäts-Werke AG, Hamburg, S 76. ISBN 3-925986-09-X

Wade WZ, Wolf T (1967) Preparation and some properties of americium metal. J Inorg Nucl Chem 29(10):2577–2587CrossRef

Wahl AC et al (1946a) Radioactive element 94 from deuterons on uranium. Phys Rev 69(7-8):366–367. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.69.367CrossRef

Wahl AC et al (1946b) Properties of element 94. Phys Rev 70(7–8):555–556. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.70.555CrossRef

Wallmann JC (1964) A structural transformation of curium sesquioxide. J Inorg Nucl Chem 26(12):2053–2057. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(64)80149-4CrossRef

Wallmann JC et al (1951) The preparation and some properties of curium metal. J Am Chem Soc 73(1):493–494. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a537CrossRef

Wallmann JC et al (1967) Crystal structure and lattice parameters of curium trichloride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 29(11):2745–2751. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(67)80013-7CrossRef

Walters RT, Briesmeister RA (1984) Absorption spectrum of plutonium hexafluoride in the 3000–9000 Å spectral region. Spectrochim Acta, Part A: Molec Spectr 40(7):587–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(84)80108-7CrossRef

Warren IH, Price CE (1964) Thermoelectric properties of thorium arsenide. Adv Energy Conv 4(3):169–178CrossRef

Weck PF (2012) Structures of uranyl peroxide hydrates: a first-principles study of studtite and metastudtite. Dalton Trans 41:9748–9752. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2dt31242eCrossRefPubMed

Weigel F, Kohl R (1985) Preparation and properties of some new curium compounds. In: Edelstein NM (Hrsg) Americium and curium chemistry and technology. D. Reidel Publishing Co, Dordrecht, S 159–191CrossRef

Weigel F, Marquart R (1983) Preparation and properties of some curium silicides. J Less Comm Met 90(2):283–290CrossRef

Weigel F, Schuster W (1985) The vapor pressure of americium(III) chloride: an ultramicro apparatus for the determination of saturation vapor pressures of actinide halides. J Less Comm Met 113(1):157–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(85)90157-2CrossRef

Weinstock B, Crist RH (1948) The vapor pressure of uranium hexafluoride. J Chem Phys 16:436–441. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1746915CrossRef

Weinstock B, Malm JG (1956) The properties of plutonium hexafluoride. J Inorg Nucl Chem 2(5–6):380–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(56)80092-4CrossRef

Weinstock B et al (1959) Vapour-pressures of NpF₆ and PuF₆; thermodynamic calculations with UF₆, NpF₆ and PuF₆. J Inorg Nucl Chem 11(2):104–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(59)80054-3CrossRef

Weis J (2001) Ionenchromatographie und darin genannte Literatur, 3. Aufl. VCH Wiley, Weinheim, S 4–49CrossRef

Weiss S et al (1972) The infrared spectrum of UF₆. Spectrochim Acta Part A: Mol Biomol Spectr 28(11):2025–2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(72)80176-4CrossRef

Weller MT et al (1988) The structure of δ-UO₃. Polyhedr 7(3):243–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)80559-8CrossRef

Werner LB, Perlman I (1951) The pentavalent state of americium. J Am Chem Soc 73(1):495–496CrossRef

Westrum EF Jr, Eyring LR (1951) The preparation and some properties of americium metal. J Am Chem Soc 73(7):3396–3398. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a116CrossRef

Wickleder MS et al (2006) Thorium. In: Fuger J (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 52–160. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5-3CrossRef

Wild JF et al (1975) Preparation of californium diiodide. In: Symposium commemorating the 25th anniversary of the discovery of elements 97 and 98, Berkeley. Zugegriffen am 20.01.1975

Wild JF et al (1978) Studies of californium (II) and (III) Iodides. J Inorg Nucl Chem 40(5):811–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(78)80157-2CrossRef

Willey RR (2002) Practical design and production of optical thin films. CRC Press, Boca Raton, S 276CrossRef

Willis C (2015) Special nuclear material, uranium chemistry, blog. https://carlwillis.worldpress.com/2008/02/20/uranium-chemistry/. Zugegriffen am 08.01.2015

Winchester RS (1957) Aqueous decontamination of plutonium from fission product elements. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, S 9–10

Witten VH et al (1951) Studies of thorium X applied to human skin. J Invest Dermatol 17:311–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1951.100CrossRefPubMed

World Nuclear Association (2013) Thorium test begins, World Nuclear News, 21.06.2013, London. http://www.world-nuclear.org

World Nuclear Association (2014) Smoke detectors and americium, London, zuletzt aktualisiert (Juli 2014). http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Non-Power-Nuclear-Applications/Radioisotopes/Smoke-Detectors-and-Americium/

Xu W-H, Pyykkö P (2016) Is the chemistry of lawrencium peculiar. Chem Phys 18:17351–17355. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02706gCrossRef

Yamashita T et al (1997) Thermal expansions of NpO₂ and some other actinide dioxides. J Nucl Mat 245(1):72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(96)00750-7CrossRef

Yoshida Z et al (2006) Neptunium. In: Fuger J et al (Hrsg) The chemistry of the actinide and transactinide elements. Springer, Dordrecht, S 699–812. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_6CrossRef

Young JP et al (1975) High temperature spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies of californium tribromide: proof of thermal reduction to californium (II). J Inorg Nucl Chem 37(12):2497–2501. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(75)80878-5CrossRef

Young JP et al (1978) Spectrophotometric studies of transcurium element halides and oxyhalides in the solid state. J Radioanal Chem 43(2):479–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02519508CrossRef

Young JP et al (1979) Crystal structures of α-UF₅ and U₂F₉ and spectral characterization of U₂F₉. Inorg Chim Acta 37(2):29–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)95530-0CrossRef

Young JP et al (1980) Chemical consequences of radioactive decay. 1. Study of ²⁴⁹Cf ingrowth into crystalline ²⁴⁹BkBr₃: a new crystalline phase of CfBr₃. Inorg Chem 19(8):2209–2212. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50210a003CrossRef

Young JP et al (1981) Chemical consequences of radioactive decay. 2. Spectrophotometric study of the ingrowth of berkelium-249 and californium-249 into halides of einsteinium-253. Inorg Chem 20(11):3979–3983. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a076CrossRef

Zachariasen WH (1948) Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. I. New structure types. Acta Crystallogr 1:265–268. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X48000703CrossRef

Zachariasen WH (1949) Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. XII. New compounds representing known structure types. Acta Crystallogr 2(6):388. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X49001016CrossRef

Zachariasen WH (1975) On californium metal. J Inorg Nucl Chem 37(6):1441–1442CrossRef

Zerr A et al (2003) Synthesis of cubic zirconium and hafnium nitride having Th₃P₄ structure. Nat Mater 2(3):185–189PubMedCrossRef

Zimen K-E (1987) Strahlende Materie. Radioaktivität – ein Stück Zeitgeschichte. Bechtle-Verlag, Esslingen/München

Zou Y et al (2002) Resonance transition energies and oscillator strengths in lutetium and lawrencium. Phys Rev Lett 88(2):183001. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.023001CrossRefPubMed

Zuckerman JJ (2009) Inorganic reactions and methods, formation of ceramics. Wiley, New York, S. 349. ISBN 0-470-14554-4

Springer Professional

19. Radioaktive Elemente: Actinoide

Zusammenfassung

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partners