Rainfall Trend Analysis in Coastal Region of Karnataka

Climate can be defined as the weather conditions or the weather patterns that is present in the particular geographical area for a very lengthy period. It can be assessed by the important factors like temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation. The climate of the region also depends on the latitude, terrain, water bodies, etc. Coastal Karnataka receives an average rainfall of 3456 mm; at summer, the temperature lies between 33.5 and 40 °C and the minimum temperature of 23.3 and 27.9 °C. Tropical monsoon climate covers whole coastal places of Karnataka and other nearby places too. Rainfall time series is divided into four periods. This region has a very hot climate with extreme rainfall in monsoon season, i.e., June to September. These drastic changes in the climate severely affect the various activities throughout the coastal area of Karnataka. Understanding the variability of climate in the region is essential. In this study, the variation in the climate for a period of 1984–2017 is observed and investigated and changes in the trend in the grid points can be noticed. Mann–Kendall trend test is applied for the precipitation to find trend patterns, and the magnitude of the trend is determined by Sen’s slope estimator. Increase in trend was found in the grid point 3 and grid point 4.