Skip to main content
Top

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Real-Time Implementation of Explicit Model Predictive Control

Authors : Michal Kvasnica, Colin N. Jones, Ivan Pejcic, Juraj Holaza, Milan Korda, Peter Bakaráč

Published in: Handbook of Model Predictive Control

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter explains the synthesis of explicit MPC feedback laws that allow for real-time implementation on hardware with limited computational and storage properties. Four methods are introduced. The first one replaces the potentially complex explicit MPC controller by a simpler feedback law by exploiting the geometry of explicit solutions. The second method reduces the storage footprint of explicit MPC by a complete elimination of critical regions, replaced by a direct evaluation of optimality conditions. The common denominator of both methods is that they preserve optimality while considerably reducing the complexity. The third method trades lower complexity for suboptimality while simultaneously minimizing the performance loss. Finally, a method for designing stabilizing explicit MPC controllers for control of nonlinear systems is introduced.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
If \(G_{\mathcal{A}}\) does not have a full row rank, it is always possible to identify a subset of \(\mathcal{A}\) such that all rows of \(G_{\mathcal{A}}\) are linearly independent, see, e.g., [37].
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ahmadi, A.A., Hall, G.: DC decomposition of nonconvex polynomials with algebraic techniques. arxiv.org (2015) Ahmadi, A.A., Hall, G.: DC decomposition of nonconvex polynomials with algebraic techniques. arxiv.org (2015)
2.
go back to reference Baldoni, V., Berline, N., De Loera, J.A., Köppe, M., Vergne, M.: How to integrate a polynomial over a simplex. Math. Comput. 80(273), 297 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef Baldoni, V., Berline, N., De Loera, J.A., Köppe, M., Vergne, M.: How to integrate a polynomial over a simplex. Math. Comput. 80(273), 297 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Baotić, M.: Optimal Control of Piecewise Affine Systems – a Multi-parametric Approach. Dr. sc. thesis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, March 2005 Baotić, M.: Optimal Control of Piecewise Affine Systems – a Multi-parametric Approach. Dr. sc. thesis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, March 2005
4.
go back to reference Baotić, M.: Polytopic computations in constrained optimal control. Automatica 50(3–4), 119–134 (2009) Baotić, M.: Polytopic computations in constrained optimal control. Automatica 50(3–4), 119–134 (2009)
5.
go back to reference Bemporad, A.: Hybrid Toolbox - User’s Guide. New Society, Gabriola (2003) Bemporad, A.: Hybrid Toolbox - User’s Guide. New Society, Gabriola (2003)
6.
go back to reference Bemporad, A.: A multiparametric quadratic programming algorithm with polyhedral computations based on nonnegative least squares. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 60(11), 2892–2903 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRef Bemporad, A.: A multiparametric quadratic programming algorithm with polyhedral computations based on nonnegative least squares. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 60(11), 2892–2903 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Bemporad, A., Morari, M., Dua, V., Pistikopoulos, E.: The explicit linear quadratic regulator for constrained systems. Automatica 38(1), 3–20 (2002)MathSciNetCrossRef Bemporad, A., Morari, M., Dua, V., Pistikopoulos, E.: The explicit linear quadratic regulator for constrained systems. Automatica 38(1), 3–20 (2002)MathSciNetCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Blanchini, F., Miani, S.: Set-Theoretic Methods in Control. Birkhauser, Boston (2008)MATH Blanchini, F., Miani, S.: Set-Theoretic Methods in Control. Birkhauser, Boston (2008)MATH
9.
go back to reference Borrelli, F., Bemporad, A., Morari, M.: Geometric algorithm for multiparametric linear programming. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 118(3), 515–540 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef Borrelli, F., Bemporad, A., Morari, M.: Geometric algorithm for multiparametric linear programming. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 118(3), 515–540 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Borrelli, F., Bemporad, A., Morari, M.: Predictive Control for Linear and Hybrid Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011)MATH Borrelli, F., Bemporad, A., Morari, M.: Predictive Control for Linear and Hybrid Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011)MATH
11.
go back to reference Christophersen, F.J., Kvasnica, M., Jones, C.N., Morari, M.: Efficient evaluation of piecewise control laws defined over a large number of polyhedra. In: Antsaklis, P.J., Tzafestas, S.G. (eds.) Proceedings of the European Control Conference ECC ’07, pp. 2360–2367 (2007) Christophersen, F.J., Kvasnica, M., Jones, C.N., Morari, M.: Efficient evaluation of piecewise control laws defined over a large number of polyhedra. In: Antsaklis, P.J., Tzafestas, S.G. (eds.) Proceedings of the European Control Conference ECC ’07, pp. 2360–2367 (2007)
12.
go back to reference Domahidi, A., Zeilinger, M., Morari, M., Jones, C.: Learning a feasible and stabilizing explicit model predictive control law by robust optimization. In: 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC), pp. 513–519 (2011) Domahidi, A., Zeilinger, M., Morari, M., Jones, C.: Learning a feasible and stabilizing explicit model predictive control law by robust optimization. In: 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC), pp. 513–519 (2011)
13.
go back to reference Domahidi, A., Ullmann, F., Morari, M., Jones, C.: Learning near-optimal decision rules for energy efficient building control. In: 2012 IEEE 51st Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 7571–7576 (2012) Domahidi, A., Ullmann, F., Morari, M., Jones, C.: Learning near-optimal decision rules for energy efficient building control. In: 2012 IEEE 51st Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 7571–7576 (2012)
14.
go back to reference Dórea, C.E.T., Hennet, J.C.: (A, B)-invariant polyhedral sets of linear discrete-time systems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 103(3), 521–542 (1999) Dórea, C.E.T., Hennet, J.C.: (A, B)-invariant polyhedral sets of linear discrete-time systems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 103(3), 521–542 (1999)
15.
go back to reference Drgoňa, J., Klaučo, M., Janeček, F., Kvasnica, M.: Optimal control of a laboratory binary distillation column via regionless explicit MPC. Comput. Chem. Eng. 96, 139–148 (2017)CrossRef Drgoňa, J., Klaučo, M., Janeček, F., Kvasnica, M.: Optimal control of a laboratory binary distillation column via regionless explicit MPC. Comput. Chem. Eng. 96, 139–148 (2017)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Grieder, P., Morari, M.: Complexity reduction of receding horizon control. In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Maui, December 2003, pp. 3179–3184 Grieder, P., Morari, M.: Complexity reduction of receding horizon control. In: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Maui, December 2003, pp. 3179–3184
17.
go back to reference Gupta, A., Bhartiya, S., Nataraj, P.: A novel approach to multiparametric quadratic programming. Automatica 47(9), 2112–2117 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRef Gupta, A., Bhartiya, S., Nataraj, P.: A novel approach to multiparametric quadratic programming. Automatica 47(9), 2112–2117 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Herceg, M., Kvasnica, M., Jones, C., Morari, M.: Multi-parametric toolbox 3.0. In: 2013 European Control Conference, pp. 502–510 (2013) Herceg, M., Kvasnica, M., Jones, C., Morari, M.: Multi-parametric toolbox 3.0. In: 2013 European Control Conference, pp. 502–510 (2013)
19.
go back to reference Herceg, M., Mariethoz, S., Morari, M: Evaluation of piecewise affine control law via graph traversal. In: 2013 European Control Conference (ECC), pp. 3083–3088. IEEE, Piscataway (2013) Herceg, M., Mariethoz, S., Morari, M: Evaluation of piecewise affine control law via graph traversal. In: 2013 European Control Conference (ECC), pp. 3083–3088. IEEE, Piscataway (2013)
20.
go back to reference Holaza, J., Takács, B., Kvasnica, M., Di Cairano, S.: Nearly optimal simple explicit MPC controllers with stability and feasibility guarantees. Optim. Control Appl. Methods 35(6), 667–684 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRef Holaza, J., Takács, B., Kvasnica, M., Di Cairano, S.: Nearly optimal simple explicit MPC controllers with stability and feasibility guarantees. Optim. Control Appl. Methods 35(6), 667–684 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Jones, C.N., Morari, M.: Polytopic approximation of explicit model predictive controllers. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 55(11), 2542–2553 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef Jones, C.N., Morari, M.: Polytopic approximation of explicit model predictive controllers. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 55(11), 2542–2553 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Klaučo, M., Drgoňa, J., Kvasnica, M., Di Cairano, S.: Building temperature control by simple MPC-like feedback laws learned from closed-loop data. In: Preprints of the 19th IFAC World Congress Cape Town (South Africa) August 24–August 29, 2014, pp. 581–586 (2014) Klaučo, M., Drgoňa, J., Kvasnica, M., Di Cairano, S.: Building temperature control by simple MPC-like feedback laws learned from closed-loop data. In: Preprints of the 19th IFAC World Congress Cape Town (South Africa) August 24–August 29, 2014, pp. 581–586 (2014)
23.
go back to reference Korda, M., Jones, C.N.: Stability and performance verification of optimization-based controllers. Automatica 78, 34–45 (2017)MathSciNetCrossRef Korda, M., Jones, C.N.: Stability and performance verification of optimization-based controllers. Automatica 78, 34–45 (2017)MathSciNetCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Korda, M., Mezić, I: Linear predictors for nonlinear dynamical systems: Koopman operator meets model predictive control. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.03537 (2017) Korda, M., Mezić, I: Linear predictors for nonlinear dynamical systems: Koopman operator meets model predictive control. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.03537 (2017)
25.
go back to reference Kvasnica, M., Fikar, M.: Clipping-based complexity reduction in explicit MPC. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 57(7), 1878–1883 (2012)MathSciNetCrossRef Kvasnica, M., Fikar, M.: Clipping-based complexity reduction in explicit MPC. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 57(7), 1878–1883 (2012)MathSciNetCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Kvasnica, M., Löfberg, J., Fikar, M.: Stabilizing polynomial approximation of explicit MPC. Automatica 47(10), 2292–2297 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRef Kvasnica, M., Löfberg, J., Fikar, M.: Stabilizing polynomial approximation of explicit MPC. Automatica 47(10), 2292–2297 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Lasserre, J.B.: Moments, Positive Polynomials and Their Applications, 1st edn. Imperial College Press, London (2009)CrossRef Lasserre, J.B.: Moments, Positive Polynomials and Their Applications, 1st edn. Imperial College Press, London (2009)CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Löfberg, J.: YALMIP: a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB. In: Proceedings of the CACSD Conference, Taipei (2004) Löfberg, J.: YALMIP: a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB. In: Proceedings of the CACSD Conference, Taipei (2004)
30.
go back to reference Milne, G.W.: Grumman f-14 benchmark control problem solution using BLKLAB. In: IEEE Control Systems Society Workshop on Computer-Aided Control System Design, December 1989, pp. 94–101 Milne, G.W.: Grumman f-14 benchmark control problem solution using BLKLAB. In: IEEE Control Systems Society Workshop on Computer-Aided Control System Design, December 1989, pp. 94–101
31.
go back to reference MOSEK ApS: The MOSEK optimization toolbox for MATLAB manual (2016) MOSEK ApS: The MOSEK optimization toolbox for MATLAB manual (2016)
32.
go back to reference Oberdieck, R., Diangelakis, N.A., Papathanasiou, M., Nascu, I., Pistikopoulos, E.: Pop-parametric optimization toolbox. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55(33), 8979–8991 (2016)CrossRef Oberdieck, R., Diangelakis, N.A., Papathanasiou, M., Nascu, I., Pistikopoulos, E.: Pop-parametric optimization toolbox. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55(33), 8979–8991 (2016)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Oishi, Y.: Direct design of a polynomial model predictive controlle. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45(13), 633–638 (2012)CrossRef Oishi, Y.: Direct design of a polynomial model predictive controlle. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45(13), 633–638 (2012)CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Oishi, Y.: Simplified approaches to polynomial design of model predictive controllers. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA), pp. 960–965 (2013) Oishi, Y.: Simplified approaches to polynomial design of model predictive controllers. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA), pp. 960–965 (2013)
35.
go back to reference Parisini, T., Zoppoli, R.: A receding-horizon regulator for nonlinear systems and a neural approximation. Automatica 31(10), 1443–1451 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRef Parisini, T., Zoppoli, R.: A receding-horizon regulator for nonlinear systems and a neural approximation. Automatica 31(10), 1443–1451 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Spjøtvold, J., Tøndel, P., Johansen, T.A.: A Method for Obtaining Continuous Solutions to Multiparametric Linear Programs. In: IFAC World Congress, Prague (2005) Spjøtvold, J., Tøndel, P., Johansen, T.A.: A Method for Obtaining Continuous Solutions to Multiparametric Linear Programs. In: IFAC World Congress, Prague (2005)
38.
go back to reference Tøndel, P., Johansen, T.A., Bemporad, A.: Evaluation of piecewise affine control via binary search tree. Automatica 39(5), 945–950 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef Tøndel, P., Johansen, T.A., Bemporad, A.: Evaluation of piecewise affine control via binary search tree. Automatica 39(5), 945–950 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Wen, Ch., Ma, X., Ydstie, B.E.: Analytical expression of explicit MPC solution via lattice piecewise-affine function. Automatica 45(4), 910–917 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef Wen, Ch., Ma, X., Ydstie, B.E.: Analytical expression of explicit MPC solution via lattice piecewise-affine function. Automatica 45(4), 910–917 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Real-Time Implementation of Explicit Model Predictive Control
Authors
Michal Kvasnica
Colin N. Jones
Ivan Pejcic
Juraj Holaza
Milan Korda
Peter Bakaráč
Copyright Year
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77489-3_17