Recent Trends in Industrial and Production Engineering

Frontmatter

A Comparative Analysis of Different Techniques of Thermal Barrier Coating

Abstract

Numerous methods are used to put the ceramic material upon the substrate to form a film of the insulating material over it which is named as the thermal barrier coating to increase the life of the component and to reduce the pollution if applied in engine components. The coating is done to fulfill certain flaws of the substrate and to provide the surface that has the tendency to take the high temperature during operation. Also, thermal barrier coating is used to reach the higher efficiencies for a particular device like engine. The objective to enhance the efficiencies is to provide a substitute that can decrease the use of conventional resources like, fossil fuels. In this study, distinct techniques for the deposition of thermal barrier coating have been compared on the basis of their characteristics and forte. The methods are presented with their properties in this paper. It is not necessary that same method is used for the deposition of the top coat as well as the bond coat but there can be two different methods based on the requirement of the coating. The techniques used for the deposition not only affect the life of the thermal barrier coating but also the life of the component. So, the merits and demerits are compared for the different techniques in the present study.

Priyanka Sharma, Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Dipak Kumar

A Review on Post Additive Manufacturing Techniques to Improve Product Quality

Abstract

Since past three decades, direct printing of parts for various applications by the use of 3D-printing technology has gathered a lot of attention. However, many issues remain with the widespread applications of 3D-printed materials such as regulatory issues, sterile environment for part production, and the improvement of material properties with the desired structure. This article focuses on review of various post additive manufacturing processes to improve mechanical properties such as storage modulus and Young’s modulus and surface roughness. A heat treatment process after 3D printing was also discussed as potential method to achieve better mechanical properties by optimizing the crystalline structure of material. It was also reviewed that traditional AM technique produces products at a rapid rate and with minimum waste of materials and post processes could improve the surface finish as well as structure with higher strength in three dimensions.

Bhaskar Pandey, Rupesh Chalisgaonkar

A Review on Various Types of Burr Formation in Drilling

Abstract

The process of drilling is commonly employed in the processes involving the complex manufacturing processes. Burr exists in almost all these process whether it be drilling, milling or any kind other kind of manufacturing operations. The burrs that are generated on any of the component (part) may lead to several unwanted effects: practically like not having any proper contact between the members that are the carriers of currents and also the irregular arrangements between the contacted surfaces of the components. Burrs could also be injurious while performing some machining operations since they can be responsible for creating the wear of groove of the cutting edges. Subsequently, it is necessary to understand those elements that  influences the arrangement of burrs at the exit of the openings in drilling operations in order to decrease the burr size at the site of their generation. The central target of this review research work is to complete the previous several years in this significant theme. The paper remember the conversation for the burr development in different drilling procedure improvement, impacted by the cutting conditions and the drill geometry during penetrating of different sorts of work materials, utilizing turn drills. The drilling improvement is performed to decide the ideal benefits of cutting pace, feed, point edge and lip angle of clearance for a predefined drill distance across that at the same time limit burr size, to be specific, burr height (tallness) and thickness of the burrs.

Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Anas Islam

Application of 5s Methodology in a Small-Scale Enterprise: Case Study

Abstract

Small-scale industries or enterprises play a vital role in building up the economy and further enhancing the growth of any country. Likewise, there are several small-scale industries and startups that are currently active in our country. The countries like India where population holds the second place in the world small-scale enterprises are of the great importance. As far as the medium and the big industrial setups are concerned, there are always some methodologies that are adopted in order to enhance its growth and minimize the wastages. While in case of the small enterprises, there is no any as such provision for applying any lean manufacturing or management technique for enhancing the work culture and minimization of the wastages. In this regard, a very known 5s technique (lean manufacturing method) is applied in one of the small industries located in a district of Uttar Pradesh Aligarh. The name of the industry is “Reliable Tools,” and it is known for manufacturing the locks and its parts. After applying this technique, the results and the final effects of this technique were analyzed based on the wastages of materials, time and other miscellaneous items. Finally, the results are concluded by comparing costs incurred before and after applying this 5s technique.

Vijay Kumar Dwivedi, Anas Islam, Aman Sharma

Availability Analysis of Shoe Manufacturing Unit Using Petri Nets

Abstract

Today industries are under immense pressure to achieve production targets and high payback ratios for survival. This can only be accomplished by assuring the highest levels of system availability. Availability analysis is helpful to accomplish minimum failures objective or to enhance the mean time between failures to meet the production targets. The paper proposes Petri net-based modelling of a shoe manufacturing unit to compute the availability of various machines of the unit. The industrial system consists of four machines/subsystems namely sewing machine, skiving machine, moulding machine, and toe puffing machine. The dynamic nature of the system is studied through the MC simulation. The effect of failure and repair times on system availability have been analysed and discussed. The results can be presented to the maintenance personnel which; in turn; will help them to study the dynamic behavior of the plant and to decide maintenance priorities.

Ankur Bahl, Satnam Singh, Jaiinderpreet Singh

Delamination Detection and Evaluation in Composite Laminates Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves

Abstract

Demand from aircraft, automobile and manufacturing industries has generated the requirement of laminated composite materials with high strength, low weight, ease in manufacturing and desired control over properties. However, composite materials are susceptible to damages such as delamination and dis-bonding caused by abrupt loading or manufacturing defects. This study explored the utilization of ultrasonic waves for delamination detection and evaluation in glass-reinforced polymer composite laminates. Simulated delamination defects of varying extent and location in between layers of composite laminates were studied with the help of ultrasonic guided waves in terms of their effects on corresponding signal signature. Relative comparison of wave signatures in healthy and damaged composite laminates helped in the evaluation of delamination location and severity. Lamb wave through transmission signatures was mapped to determine the extent of delamination and pulse-echo signatures were used to determine the location of delamination by using 0.5 MHz transducers on laminated specimens submerged in water. Results indicated a marked decrease in signal amplitude with increase in delamination size. Also, it was revealed from experiment that ultrasonic can detect the delamination in between different layers at different depths by striking ultrasonic signal at particular angle to generate particular mode for detection. This study further established the ability of ultrasonic guided waves to detect the defects in composite laminated structures occurring due to manufacturing flaws or due to work loading or degradation, thus acting as effective tool for structural health monitoring.

Gurdyal Singh, Anoop Aggarwal, Sunil Kumar, Sushil Kalra

Development of a Systematic Framework to Optimize the Production Process in Shop Floor Management

Abstract

In the production process, waste elimination on the shop floor is an essential task to increase production levels. Various approaches like kaizen, total quality management, six sigma, and lean six sigma are used for this purpose; however, lean management proves itself a prominent approach to achieve a high level of productivity. This information paves the way for the present study. In this article, the authors attempted to develop a framework for optimizing the production processes by identification of the wastes in shop floor management. The results of the study showed that the developed framework can reduce processing time, production time, and production costs as well as improve the quality level. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the implementation of the developed framework has been lead to optimization and improvement in production on the shop floor. On the basis of acquired results, authors strongly believe that the present work will be highly beneficial for industry persons and researchers to improve shop floor management.

Varun Tripathi, Suvandan Saraswat, Girish Dutt Gautam

Effect of Process Parameters on Machining of D2 Steel Using Taguchi Method

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of the EDM process parameters on machining of D2 steel by using copper electrode. In the current study, the variations in the MRR, TWR, and the SR were examined for different input process parameters. The result reveals that the input current, pulse on time as well as the pulse off time has significant affected the MRR, TWR and SR. An L9 Taguchi array was used for the designing of experimental parameters and to identify the effect of process parameters (viz. current, pulse on time and pulse off time) on the output factors {viz. MRR, TWR and SR}. Based on the S/N ratio, Optimum results for MRR and TWR were obtained for the combination for current of 20 A, T_on of 500 μs and T_off of 40 μs and the optimum results for surface roughness were found for current of 10 A, T_on of 400 μs and T_off of 40 μs. SEM was used to analyze the structural morphology of the machined surface. SEM of EDMed surface indicates that the higher pulse on duration gives rougher surface with more craters and debris than that of lower pulse on time which limits the higher pulse on time for better surface finish.

Nalin Somani, Y. K. Tyagi, Parveen Kumar

Experimental Investigation of Water Absorptions and Charpy Test of Epoxy Composite Immersed in Different Aqueous Medium

Abstract

In this research work, an experimentation has been performed to investigate the water absorption and effect of rupture energy of the epoxy composite immersed in different aqueous medium. An attempt has been made to assess the rate of moisture absorption in composite materials. The percentage of moisture absorption in the specimen is observed when they are placed in four different mediums, i.e., normal water, air, half-saturated salt solution, and fully saturated salt solution. In order to check the moisture absorbed, the specimen is taken out after fixed intervals and their weights have been measured. In the beginning, a rough linear increment was observed in the weight gained by the specimens immersed in aqueous mediums. After the initial results, the results obtained were depicting non-Fickian type of moisture absorption behavior. Factors, such as initial swelling of matrix, percentage void content, edge effect, and the mechanical adhesion between fibers and matrix, greatly influenced the behavior of moisture absorption in composite. The diffusivity of the moisture in the specimens kept in air is very low owing to which a negligible change occurs in the weight of specimen immersed in air for the total period of experimentation.

Pankaj Singh Chandel, Nitin Kumar Gupta, Yogesh Kumar Tyagi, Kanishka Jha

Four Wheeler’s Health Monitoring by Sound Level Measurement: A Case Study

Abstract

Sound level emitted by vehicle components is having great importance in monitoring their health condition. Higher sound level from a vehicle than the specified not only signifies the sign of fault in the main component of automobile but also dangerous to the pedestrians. Over the time, moving parts of vehicle deteriorates and causes the higher level of sound is merely a guess. In this case study, attempt has been made to check the deterioration level of four different Honda city (diesel variant) cars on the basis of their emitted sound levels measured from various components and conditions. The cars were tested for mainly two conditions idle and moving and sound levels were recorded inside and outside the cabin. The cars have been classified on the basis of odometer reading and tested just after their regular service to remove the conditions of service lag. The measured levels of sound clearly state that the car started emitting the high level of sound over the time and can be said deteriorates with its use. The measured sound levels were also proven to be capable of detecting faults in some of the significant components of the vehicle.

Manpreet Singh, Simran Singh, Rajeev Kumar, Sumit Shoor, Piyush Gulati, Jaiinder Preet Singh, Harpreet Singh

Green Manufacturing a Modern Era for Indian Manufacturing Industries: A Review

Abstract

This paper gives the survey on effectiveness or implementation of green manufacturing in Indian manufacturing industries. This paper focus on the various factors considered for implementation the green manufacturing in industries and analyzes the importance of all these factors. This paper also highlights the use of green manufacturing to form sustainable product and to reuse the product, shorter life cycle. We also tried to discuss the sustainable manufacturing, lean manufacturing and zero waste manufacturing. The main objective of the green manufacturing is to save environment and to reduce the cost of the product.

Jasvinder Singh, Chandan deep Singh, Dharmpal Deepak

Investigation of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Process Parameters Influencing the Additively Manufactured Part Characteristics: A Review Paper

Abstract

The 3D printed parts made by using the additive manufacturing (AM) process are presently high in demand due to many advantages. This includes well-known features such as the cost-effective method of producing customized parts made of thermoplastic material and having a shorter lead time for a wider range of applications. However, it has also a few limitations like poor dimensional accuracy and resolution. Thus, this technology is not suitable for parts having interior details. So, it is very much essential that the parts being produced using this technology must be characterized and analyzed accordingly so as to increase their potential use in the present market. For this, a review paper has been made in order to study all the main characteristics affecting the rise in demand of parts. Several statistical and optimization techniques have been examined and reviewed. The optimal parameters corresponding to the specific characteristics causing an effect to a large extent have been observed.

Mohit Bhayana, Jaswinder Singh, Bineetpal Singh, Jaspreet Singh

Investigation of Manual Material Tasks Performed by Workers in North Indian Manufacturing Industries

Abstract

Lifting load more than the physical lifting capacity results in increase of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of manual material handling (MMH) tasks on musculoskeletal disorders observed by workers in manufacturing industries. A survey on worker’s musculoskeletal disorders was carried out using standard Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaires (CMDQ). The study population consisted of 206 workers from different industries in North India doing material handling work. A total 81.55% (n = 168) of workers reported that they had been troubled with musculoskeletal symptoms in one or more of the twelve defined body parts during the last 12 months. Results showed that due to a lack of standards for optimum load for MMH tasks, workers were exposed to musculoskeletal disorders. Lower back, wrist, shoulder, neck, upper back were the most painful problem areas which were observed in the workers.

Jaswinder Singh, Kulwinder Singh, K. Z. Molla, Rakesh Goyal, Rupesh Gupta

Investigation of Tribological Properties of Stir Cast Hybrid Aluminum Composites

Abstract

The need of enhanced properties of metal matrix composites for aerospace and automotive industries has led to the fabrication of hybrid composites. Use of ceramic particles for fabricating metal matrix composites has been in the eye of researchers. Many researchers have fabricated ceramic particles-reinforced aluminum composites to study their mechanical and tribological properties. This study reflects the effect of reinforcement (boron carbide and silicon carbide) and different loading conditions, on tribological properties of hybrid aluminum composite. Composite samples, Al − 0wt%B₄C + 0wt%SiC (non-reinforced), Al − 2.5wt%B₄C + 2.5wt%SiC, and Al-5wt%B₄C + 5wt%SiC, were tested and compared for their wear properties at different loads of 10, 15, and 20 N. From the results, it was found that reinforced particles had great influence on increasing the wear properties of the composite, whereas increased loading condition showed adverse effect on the wear properties.

Sunil Kumar Tiwari, Shashank Pal, Abhishek Sharma, Ankit Dasgotra, Jitendra Kumar Pandey

Investigations of Wear Behavior of Journal Bearing Materials

Abstract

Behavior of wear in tribological condition in metal-based brass and graphite material at dry and wet sliding conditions. Wear test of these materials were performed on wear test machine. The test of wear in mass loss was performed under different loads 10, 20, 30 N with interval and at different 1000, 1200, 1400 rpm speed, etc. Wear characteristics of materials are investigated through load, speed, and time. The main objective is to investigate the wear rate of journal bearing materials at different loads and different speeds.

Priya Gajjal, Shekhar Gajjal

Metallurgical and Mechanical Behavior of Friction Stir Processed WE43/Nano-SiC Surface Composite

Abstract

In this paper, various FSP parameters have been made on the metal and mechanical properties of WE43 Mg alloy reinforced with nano-SiC particles. In addition, the geometric impact of different tools has been investigated in many advanced Mg alloys metal alloys using FSP. It has been found that the FSP of picnic geometry tools has significantly influenced aspects of integration. From 22.42 to 8.17 µm, the grain size of the al alloy dropped significantly. In addition, the square of geometric pin has shown excellent results in terms of metal and mechanical properties. Fine coefficient production is considered a comforting action produced by a square tool in a plastic environment that provides uniform distribution of particle strength within the metal matrix.

Shivali Singla, Amardeep Singh Kang, T. S. Sidhu

Modal and Static Analysis for Analyzing the Effect of Loading on Crack Propagation Rate Using FEM

Abstract

Modal analysis is an important aspect for determining the mode shape generated by a component when excited by vibration and considered as a powerful tool to find dynamic characteristics of a structure which further helps in strength and reliability in initial stage of designing. In real-life application mode shape plays a vital role for determining the displacement. In the current study, taper roller bearing was modeled as per manufacture catalog using Creo and file was exported to ANSYS. Modal analysis is being done to find out the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Static analysis is being done to study the effect of loading conditions on crack propagation It has been found from results that loading has significant effect on crack propagation rate. Hence, FEM provides reference for failure analysis, design, optimization, and saves material time and cost.

Sumit Shoor, Manpreet Singh

Optimization and Validation of Material Removal Rate During EDM of HSLA Steel

Abstract

In this experimental work, electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is employed to machine the high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. This work proposed the effect of machining input parameters such as current (A), pulse on time (B), and pulse off time (C) on material removal rate (MRR). As per Taguchi approach, fractional factorial technique is adopted during design of experiment (DOE) to reduce the time and cost of experimentation, so orthogonal array (L₉) is selected. The output is converted into signal-to-noise ratio (higher is better) for MRR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to find the significance level of various input parameters at 95% confidence level. Optimum level of input parameters is determined with analysis of means (ANOM). Current is found the most significant parameter to improve MRR. The confirmation result shows the improvement of 17.78 mm³/min in MRR at optimum settings.

Kulwinder Singh, Rakesh Goyal, Jaswinder Singh, Rupesh Gupta, Manuj Madan

Parametric Influence on Material Removal Rate of K-90 Alumina Ceramics During Zircon Sand (Abrasives) Jet Assisted Machining

Abstract

Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a non-traditional machining process where removal of material from the workpiece takes place due to application of high-speed stream of abrasive particles carried by high-pressure air. Material removal takes place due to impact erosion of hard abrasive particles which cause brittle fracture of targeted tiny surface of the workpiece. In this paper, an experimental analysis is carried out to investigate material removal efficiency of AJM on K-90 Alumina ceramic in consideration with Zircon sand as abrasives. Effects of AJM parameters including standoff distance (4, 6, 8 mm), air pressure (3, 5, 7 kgf cm⁻²), abrasive grain size (average size 180, 500, 710 µm), and abrasive temperature (60, 80, 100 °C) on material removal rate are studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to derive a second-order mathematical relationship representing material removal rate as a function of selected AJM parameters. Beneficial effect in utilizing hot abrasives is evidenced in purview of improved material removal efficiency.

Santosh Kumar Sahu, Swastik Pradhan

Recent Development in Friction Stir Welding: An Advancement in Welding Technology

Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) has various applications focused on the different industries because of its efficiency and sustainability. The main different sectors of industries where FSW technique is utilized are automobiles, aerospace, shipbuilding and railways. This current experimental study describes about the background of the FSW technique and recent advances in welding technology which have occurred during the last few years. Furthermost, the development endeavored to conflict the problem of non-uniformity in temperature distribution in weld zone pinhole, which is left after the welding process in FSW. During the last two decades, many researchers have been working on the advanced welding technology of FSW because this technique could be made more optimized and sophisticated by using proper tool during the welding process. The application of various parameters such as tool rotation, plunge depth, feed rate, shoulder diameter of tool and tool pin geometry has made FSW process more uniform. Friction stir welding process is a cutting edge technology widely used nowadays throughout the globe for welding because of its very high strength. The joint formation in the process has a wide application in welding of two dissimilar materials, e.g., aluminum and steel. In this research paper, an attempt is made to provide some directions for future development in the friction stir welding technology.

Akash Sharma, Vijay Kumar Dwivedi

Recent Trends in Weldability and Corrosion Behavior of Low Nickel Stainless Steels

Abstract

The current nickel supply deficit and continuous change in its expense brought about getting the consideration of researchers to prompt different options of stainless steel which contains less measure of nickel as its alloying component. Among the different existing stainless steel (SS) grades, austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are used in roughly 60–70% of utilizations, however, ASS requires nickel as its major subsequent. One of the better choices to supplant austenitic stainless steel is ferritic grades, which contain less nickel and have fundamentally the same as execution at a generally lower cost. The current examination is an endeavor to feature the different welding methods (fusion/solid-state) which used most, for joining of these ferritic stainless steel (FSS) grades. The literature affirms that because of the metallurgical issues related to fusion welding processes, solid-state joining processes such as forge welding, pressure welding, ultrasonic welding, and friction stir welding (FSW) are advised to be used for joining of ferritic stainless steels depending their suitability. Moreover, the choice of an appropriate welding process for a particular stainless steel grade is also governed by the corrosion-related aspects, and to reduce the adverse effects of corrosion post welding it is recommended to use pre weld and post-weld heat treatment processes.

Prashant Kumar Pandey, Rajeev Rathi, Jagesvar Verma

Reliability Analysis—A Critical Review

Abstract

Present article discusses the problem of lesser availability of the operating systems in process industries. Complex systems, continuous breakdowns and unplanned maintenance strategies are the major reasons for poor performance of the plants. The concept of reliability plays a significant role in improving the system availability. Uninterrupted service and long-run availability are the basic needs of complex systems as in the sugar industry, thermal power plants, milk industry, mining, petroleum industries, etc. Different approaches are utilized by researchers in various fields to check the performance of the operating equipment. These approaches are genetic algorithm (GA), Petri nets (PN), fault tree analysis (FTA), supplementary variable technique (SVT), fuzzy Lambda-Tau technique, reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis, reliability, availability, maintainability, dependability (RAMD) analysis, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and degradation modelling techniques, etc. The improvement has been seen in the performance of the systems based on mathematical data using the above techniques. Article also proposes new areas where research can be carried out.

Janender Kumar, Suneev Anil Bansal, Munish Mehta

Shop Floor Productivity Enhancement Using a Modified Lean Manufacturing Approach

Abstract

Constantly improvement in shop floor management has become a necessity in today’s worldwide industries. Various approaches are used to fulfill this requirement, mainly including lean manufacturing, kaizen, total quality management, six sigma, and lean six sigma approaches. These approaches are used to improve shop floor management and optimization of resources in the present industrial environment. In the present article, the authors developed a modified lean manufacturing approach to enhance the shop floor productivity through optimization. The purpose of this research article is to suggest an approach to improving and optimizing production on the shop floor by research work have done in the area of the lean manufacturing approach. The authors of the current research work strongly believe that the present research method will be more profitable for young researchers and industry people to improve production on the shop floor.

Varun Tripathi, Suvandan Saraswat, GirishDutt Gautam, Dhananjay Singh

Simulation Model for Productivity, Production and Cost Improvement in an SME

Abstract

Every industry endeavoring its best to turn into smart intellective manufacturing to sustain the competition predicated on development following industry 4.0. Smart intellective manufacturing is predicated on smart intellective decision making. Smart intellective decisions can be taken with lots of paperwork, brainstorming, presentations, etc., and the utilization of these traditional techniques results in decremented productivity. Simulation software is the implement that fortifies astute decision making to amend productivity, production, and cost in a manufacturing unit. The perspicacious decision making is predicated on the analysis of data amassed from various activities of the manufacturing unit. This paper aims to spread vigilance about the utilization of such implements in Indian small medium enterprises (SMEs) for enhancing organizational performance. In this paper, the research work is predicated on modeling the problem of the plastics processing industry utilizing Arena simulation software to amend productivity, production, and cost. The selected manufacturing unit produces around 30 components and supplying them mainly to the furniture-making industry. The conception is to develop a simulation model that can be facilely utilized by the working executives of the SME. By changing various process parameters, different scenarios can be obtained with different outputs. The decision to select the best scenario with the optimum output can be utilized for implementation on the shop floor.

P. M. Kinge, U. C. Jha

STL Generation from Point Cloud Data with User-Controlled Triangulation for Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

In the last two decades, reverse engineering (RE) and additive manufacturing (AM) have been emerged together as a tool to fabricate intricate parts in minimum time. RE captures the point cloud data and converts it to standard triangulation language (STL) which is compatible to AM systems. The existing approaches to generate STL either use costly software or use decade-old algorithms, which are ambiguous and difficult to understand. The current research proposes a mesh construction algorithm (MCA), which endeavors to provide a detailed, simplified and modified algorithm to generate STL from unorganized point cloud data using Delaunay triangulation and its properties. An additional feature of proposed MCA is that user can control shape of mesh, and chooses best STL according to the requirement. Moreover, this article describes a descriptive algorithm to create STL from cloud data in easy way using MATLAB and its function. The generated STL files are compatible with other software and parts can be 3D printed directly using these files.

Sourabh Chasta, Narendra Kumar, Vishal Francis, Prashant K. Jain

Sustainable Green Lean Six Sigma Methodology and Application Status: A Perspective Review

Abstract

Green lean six sigma (GLS) is an all-inclusive methodology, assists in optimal usage of resources, minimizes wastes, and dispenses a pathway for sustainable development. The progressive manufacturing sectors are in search of approaches that will validate them to be sustainable along with yield competitive assistance. Green, lean, and six sigma strategies are some of the extensively employed tools which assist the organizations towards sustainability. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature on GLS strategy, methodology, and successful implementation in various sectors like manufacturing, food processing, and construction, automobile, mine, and public sectors. A qualitative kind of review methodology was embraced to carry out the review. Research articles associated with GLS strategy were acquired from well-reputed journal databases. Almost thirty-five research articles from the previous seven years related to the GLS approach have been taken for this purpose. The analysis shows that a framework for the execution of GLS was instigated. The proposed GLS framework will help the manufacturing sectors through the mitigation of rejections, CO₂ emissions, and imperfections in the manufacturing processes. This review manuscript emphasizes the perception of green lean six sigma by carrying out a methodical review concerning all sectors like manufacturing, food processing, construction, automobile, mine, and public sectors and the development of a framework which is equally important from a sustainability point of view. This manuscript assists the researchers to execute GLS strategy to achieve functional and operational benefits.

Vishwas Yadav, Pardeep Gahlot, Mahender Singh Kaswan, Rajeev Rathi, Mahipal Singh

The Effect of Gating System on Quality of Traditional Rural Metal Castings of India

Abstract

Wax-based investment casting is a popular technique to produce complex-shaped products that require very little machining for use. Experiments were conducted for understanding the effect of the gating system on dimensional accuracy as well as the metal quality of cast products having different thickness in case of restricted and unrestricted sections. The production technique is followed by traditional rural artisans of India. The casting method uses bee’s wax as pattern material and local clay as the mold material. 60/40 brass is generally melted, and the liquid metal is poured in hot clay molds. For gradation of cast samples, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used for evaluation.

Soumyajit Roy, Akshay Kr Pramanick, Prasanta Kr Datta

Tool Wears in Milling of Al/SiCp Composites by Dry and MQL Milling

Abstract

The milling of aluminium silicon carbide reinforcement metal matrix composites (Al/SiCp MMCs) under two machining environments (one is dry and second is MQL) are analysed. The objective of this work is to reduce the flank wear during milling of Al/SiCp MMCs by the application of MQL. The paper not working only to reduce the tool wear but also worked on milling input parameters like feed rate, speed and depth of cut on tool wear. The forecast of the optimum value of the tool wear during milling of Al/SiCpMMCs plays a crucial role in analysing the working surface and tool life through the latest optimization techniques. The forecast model represented the impact of milling responses on tool wear (V_bmax). Then, the forecast-model result was compared with the experimental result of milling of Al/SiCp MMCs and observed to be almost same with them. The forecast and experimental results show that predicted model helps in to set the milling input parameters to minimizing flank wear V_bmax, during milling of Al/SiCp MMCs. Also, the results showed that application of minimum quantity lubrication helps in reduction of flank wear during milling of Al/SiCp MMCs.

Ankush Kohli, H. S. Bains, Sumit Jain