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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Reconsidering the Partnership Approach in International Migration Cooperation

Authors : Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Kate Hooper

Published in: Forced Displacement and Migration

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Abstract

In the last few years, the importance of cooperating on issues of migration has become ever more apparent. The 2015–16 migration crisis in Europe and successive surges in irregular migration at the US–Mexico border since 2014 have illustrated the limitations of acting unilaterally and demonstrated the role that cooperation can play in managing migration more effectively. As a result, governments in Europe and North America have invested significant resources and political capital in their relationships with key countries of origin and transit. But an initial review suggests that while recent partnerships on migration are distinguished by their scope and ambition, they raise similar questions to their predecessors: namely, how effective they are in achieving their goals and whether they constitute true ‘partnerships’ in the proper sense of the term.

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previous chapter Better Migration Management – A Project implemented in the Horn of Africa
next chapter Risk, Climate Change and Human Mobility in International Policy
Footnotes
1
International discussions about migration started in the late 1990s; it was in the early 2000s, however, that several different high-level consultations were established to address the governance of international migration and other migration-related issues.
 
2
Lavenex/Panizzon (2013) define the partnership approach as “the belief that migration can be addressed in a spirit of cooperation between all affected countries… [and] that such ‘mutual benefits’ can be achieved on the basis of a shared responsibility for migration management, based on trust, dialogue, capacity building and technical cooperation.”
 
3
In Europe, bilateral readmission agreements date back to the post-World War II period but in many instances, go back to the inter-war period and even the turn of the twentieth century.
 
4
The European Commission (EC) signed Mobility Partnerships with Cape Verde and Moldova in 2008, Georgia in 2009, Armenia in 2011, Morocco and Azerbaijan in 2013, Tunisia and Jordan in 2014 and Belarus in 2016.
 
5
The limited evaluations of Mobility Partnerships suggest less progress has been made on the latter point.
 
6
German Chancellor Merkel was the architect of the final deal which was then presented to the other EU Member States pretty much as a fait accompli.
 
7
Alleviating poverty, reducing, dramatically, the incentives for corruption, helping to build transparent institutions, helping set up an independent judiciary that can help the ‘rule of law’ establish roots, having honest and fair elections, etc., are very difficult to help establish and maintain in a single country; trying to do so in several countries is prohibitively expensive and requires extraordinary patience over an extended period of time. As a result, many analysts remain sceptical about efforts to address the root causes of migration.
 
8
Overall allocations to the three Special Initiatives to address the root causes of migration, tackle hunger, and promote stability and development in the Middle East and North Africa rose from €159.9 million in 2014 to €685 million in 2017; overall, BMZ’s budget increased from €6.4 billion in 2014 to €8.5 billion in 2017.
 
Literature
Axiotis, Melanie, and Peter Bonin. 2017. Migration Partnerships for Sustainable International Cooperation: Reconsidering the Principles of Partnership. Discussion note prepared for the Transatlantic Council on Migration, 2–3 February.
Coleman, Nils. 2009. European Readmission Policy: Third Country Interests and Refugee Rights. Leiden and Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.CrossRef
Newland, Kathleen. 2011. Global Governance: Fear and Desire. In Improving the Governance of International Migration, Eds. Bertelsmann Stiftung and Migration Policy Institute. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
Papademetriou, Demetrios G. 2020. Sovereignty and Deep Bilateral and Regional Cooperation as Two Sides of the Same Coin: Navigating the New Realities in the U.S.-Mexico Relationship to Mutual Advantage. In Mexico and Central America: A Delayed Encounter, Ed. Axel Cabrera. Mexico City: Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales. http://​www.​consejomexicano.​org/​multimedia/​1588777369-697.​pdf. Accessed 28 August 2020.
Papademetriou, Demetrios G., Natalia Banulescu-Bogdan, and Kate Hooper. Forthcoming. Coming Together or Coming Apart? A New Phase of International Cooperation on Migration. Washington DC: Migration Policy Institute.
Papademetriou, Demetrios G., and Caitlin Katsiaficas. Forthcoming. Beyond Numbers: Europe’s Enduring Migration Crisis. Working Paper.
Weinar, Agnieszka. 2011. EU Mobility Partnerships: A Model for International Cooperation on Migration? In Improving the Governance of International Migration, Eds. Bertelsmann Stiftung and Migration Policy Institute. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
Metadata
Title
Reconsidering the Partnership Approach in International Migration Cooperation
Authors
Demetrios G. Papademetriou
Kate Hooper
Copyright Year
2022
Book
Forced Displacement and Migration

Print ISBN: 978-3-658-32901-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-32902-0

Copyright Year: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32902-0_8

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