Reflections and Prospects: China’s Development of the National Innovation System

As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gaining momentum. Against this backdrop, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee has made a call to implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and stresses that innovation is the primary driving force for development. Since the key to developing innovation in China is to build up a sound national innovation system, in this chapter, we will discuss the theoretical foundations of the national innovation systems, make clear the new circumstances facing China’s national innovation system, and give an overview of China’s national innovation system. And after analysis, we find that it is imperative for China to promote the opening-up and cooperation of the national innovation system with other countries in the world.