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Published in:
The Fundamental Constants Read chapter Read first chapter

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

13. Refractory Metals and Refractory Metal Alloys

Authors : Wolfram Knabl, Gerhard Leichtfried, Roland Stickler

Published in: Springer Handbook of Materials Data

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Refractory metals belong to the 5th and 6th group of the periodic system of elements and have a melting point above 2000∘C. Examples are Nb, Ta, Mo and W.
This chapter provides an overview of this class of materials. After a review of different production routes, the typical compositions of commercial refractory metal alloys and their applications are described. Physical and chemical properties are listed and the recrystallization behavior, as well as the mechanical properties including low- and high-cycle fatigue, are depicted. The mechanisms leading to an increased recrystallization temperature by either doping Mo and W with rare earth oxides or by K-doping of W are explained. Furthermore, fracture mechanics and creep properties are described and an extensive compilation of materials data is included.
In addition to a high melting point, the metals Nb, Ta, Mo, and W have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, a low vapor pressure, and an excellent corrosion resistance against acids, liquid metals and ceramic melts. Mo and W have a high thermal and electrical conductivity, a high Young's modulus and mechanical properties, which strongly depend on the content of interstitial impurities such as oxygen, sulfur, phosphorous, nitrogen, carbon and boron. The interrelationships are summarized in this chapter.

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Metadata
Title
Refractory Metals and Refractory Metal Alloys
Authors
Wolfram Knabl
Gerhard Leichtfried
Roland Stickler
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Book
Springer Handbook of Materials Data

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69741-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-69743-7

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69743-7_13

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