Top

Published in:

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Regional Climatic Patterns

Authors : Dana Magdalena Micu, Alexandru Dumitrescu, Sorin Cheval, Marius-Victor Birsan

Published in: Climate of the Romanian Carpathians

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This chapter provides a description of the main climatic conditions of the Romanian Carpathians region based on the analysis of the regime of the most important climatic parameters such as air temperature, precipitation, wind and snow. The regional climatic patterns are discussed in terms of elevation effect, influence of the prevailing atmospheric circulation and seasonality, aiming at distinguishing between the climate variation particularities emerging between three main units. The analysis highlights the climatic differentiations between the areas above 800 m and those below 800 m, generally including most of the intra-Carpathian depressions. The absolute climatic records derived from in situ measurements are presented in tabular form.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Geographical and Synoptic Controls on the Climate

next chapter Observed Variability and Trends from Instrumental Records

http://www.cmsaf.eu/bvbw/generator/CMSAF/Content/Publication/SAF__CM__DWD__PUM__MVIRI__HEL__1__4,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/SAF_CM_DWD_PUM_MVIRI_HEL_1_4.pdf

Out of the six typical trajectories of these Mediterranean Cyclones towards Central and South-Eastern Europe, Șorodoc (1962) and Bordei-Ion (1983) identified four main trajectories with significant influence on weather types in Romania and in the Romanian Carpathians.

The Mediterranean cyclones on eastward trajectories, reaching the Black Sea enhance their moisture content and evolve further on an opposite trajectory (i.e. most commonly westward and seldom northward).

The threshold of 1.0 mm was chosen to define a wet day.

Ancey C, Charlier C (1998) Les avalanches. In: Ancey C (ed) Guide Neige et Avalanches: Connaissances, Pratiques, Sécurité. Édisud, Aix-en-Provence, pp 87–126

Andrițoiu N (1962) Calculul radiației directe și considerații asupra regimului radiativ în RPR (Determination of the direct solar radiation and the solar radiation regime in Romania). Cul Lucr Meteor/1960:171–182 (in Romanian)

Andrițoiu N, Ciocoiu I (1971) Unele determinări asupra gradientului vertical al radiației solare directe în regiunile de munte (Determination of the vertical gradient of the direct solar radiation in mountain regions). Cul Lucr Meteor/1968:181–193 (in Romanian)

Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI – Europe and Middle East (2000, 2007, 2010) http://www.dwd.de/rcc-cm

Apăvăloaie M (1972) Diferențieri locale în regimul și repartiția precipitațiilor atmosferice determinate de altitudine în sectorul mijlociu al văii Bistrița (Local differentiations in the precipitation regime and its spatial distribution induced by height in the upper Bistrița Valley). Lucr Simpoz Geogr Fiz Carpat 1972:253–261 (in Romanian)

Armstrong RL, Brun E (2008) Snow and climate: physical processes. Surface energy exchange and modeling. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 256

Bacinschi D, Neacșa O (1985) Principalele caracteristici climatice ale Carpaților Românești (The main climatic characteristics of the Romanian Carpathians). Lucr Șt ICPCP–Brașov X:33–75 (in Romanian)

Bădescu V (1999) Correlations to estimate monthly mean daily solar global irradiation: application to Romania. Energy 24(10):883–893CrossRef

Barbu I (1979) Cercetări privind influența reliefului în producerea rupturilor și doborâturilor de zăpadă din aprilie 1977 în pădurile din Bucovina (Research related to the relief influence on the windthrow and snow-induced forest damages of April 1977 in Bucovina’ forests). In: Proceedings of the national Conference for soil science. Brașov (in Romanian)

Barbu I (1982) Zonarea pe baze geomorfologice a vulnerabilității la zăpadă a arboretelor (Geomorphic-based zonation of forest vulnerabilty to snow-load). BSRG. Serie nouă. VI(LXXVI) (in Romanian)

Barbu I (1998) Propuneri de zonare teritorială a României în raport cu riscul apariției vătămărilor produse de zăpadă în păduri (Proposals of territorial zonation of snow-induced forest damages in Romania). Bucovina Forestieră 1–2:29–37 (in Romanian)

Barbu I (2004) Metode de evaluare a riscului de apariție a vătămărilor de zăpădă în pădurile României (Methods for assessing the risk of snow-induced forest damages in Romanian forests). Bucovina Forestieră XII:1–2 (in Romanian)

Barry RG (2008) Mountain weather and climate, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 506CrossRef

Bâzâc G (1981) Zone cu priorități pentru valorificarea potențialului energiei eoliene în România (Prioritary areas for aeolian energy use in Romania). Hidrotehnica 26(8):225–227

Bâzâc G (1983) Influența reliefului asupra principalelor caracteristici ale climei României (Relief influence on the main climatic characteristics of Romania). Edit. Academiei Române. București. p 179 (in Romanian)

Beșleagă N (1979) Aerologie și meteorologie aplicată (Aerology and applied meteorology). Edit. Didactică și Pedagogică. București. p 223 (in Romania)

Beyer HG, Costanzo C, Heinemann D (1996) Modifications of the Heliosat procedure for irradiance estimates from satellite images. Sol Energy 56:207–212CrossRef

Bogdan O (1978) Fenomene climatice de iarnă și de vară (Winter and summer climatic phenomena). Edit. Științifică și Enciclopedică. București. p 120 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O (1985) Particularități ale calmului atmosferic din unele regiuni depresionare și culoare de vale (Particularities of atmospheric calm in some depression areas and valley corridors). SCGGG-Geogr XXXII:14–19 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O (1993) Foehnul carpatic (Carpathian foehn). Anal Univ din Oradea-Geogr III:58–63 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O (1994) Culoarul Oltului – o “axă” de dicontinuitate topoclimatică (The Olt Corridor – a topoclimatic discontinuity axis). Anal Univ din Oradea-Geogr IV:100–108 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O (ed) (2008) Carpații Meridionali. Clima și hazardele meteo-climatice și impactul lor asupra turismului (The Southern Carpathians. Climate and meteorological-climatological hazards and their impact on tourism). Universității Lucian Blaga, Sibiu, p 324 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O, Coșconea M (2010) Riscul doborâturilor de arbori în România – cauzele (Windthrow risk in Romania – the causes). Riscuri și Catastrofe 8(1):89–102, IX (in Romanian)

Bogdan O, Dragotă C (1997) Calmul atmosferic în România (Atmospheric calm in Romania). Anal Univ din Oradea-Geogr VII:96–104 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O, Niculescu E (1990) Un caz tipic de foehn în România (A typical foehn case study in Romania). SCGGG–Geogr XXXVII:95–103 (in Romanian)

Bogdan O, Marinică I, Mic L (2011) Characteristics of the 2007 canicular summer in Romania. Rev Roum de Géogr 55(1):45–56

Bordei-Ion E (1983) Rolul lanțului alpino-carpatic în evoluția ciclonilor mediteraneeni (The role of the Alpine-Carpathian Chain in the evolution of Mediterannean cyclones). Edit. Academiei Române. p 136 (in Romanian)

Bordei-Ion N (2008) Fenomene meteo-climatice induse de configurația Carpaților în Câmpia Română (Meteorological-climatological phenomena induced by the configuration of the Carpathians in the Romanian Plain region). Edit. Academiei Române. București. p 176 (in Romanian)

Buiuc M (1984) Estimarea radiației solare pe teritoriul României (Estimation of solar radiation in Romania). SC-Fundamentarea meteorologică și hidrologică a resurselor energetice neconvenționale. INMH. București (in Romanian)

Cano D, Monget JM, Albuisson M, Guillard H, Regas N, Wald L (1986) A method for the determination of the global solar radiation from meteorological satellite data. Sol Energy 37:31–39CrossRef

Cheval S, Baciu M, Dumitrescu A, Breza T, Legates DR, Chendeș V (2010) Climatologic adjustments to monthly precipitation in Romania. Int J Climatol 31:704–714CrossRef

Ciocoiu I (1976) Studiul resurselor de energie solară pe teritoriul RSR (mss.) (The study of solar energy resources of Romania). IMH. București. p 60 (in Romanian)

Ciulache S (2002) Meteorologie și climatologie (Meteorology and climatology). Edit. Universitară. București. p 469 (in Romanian)

Clima României (2008) (The climate of Romania). Edit Academiei. București (in Romanian)

CM-SAF Surface Radiation MVIRI Data Set 1.0 – Monthly Means/Daily Means/Hourly Means. doi: 10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/RAD_MVIRI/V001

Copaciu V, Tibacu L (1993) Correlation between the density of the snow cover and meteorological parameters. In Proceedings of the international symposium on precipitation and evaporation, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava: 323–328

Cortemiglia GC, Rossetti R, Ghezzi A, Tortelli M (1989) Variations thermiques avec l’altitude dans les Alpes occidentales italiennes, Actes du colloque de Pavia, Italie, 1–3 Juin 1989. Publ Assoc Int Climatol 2:19–26

De Saintignon MF (1986) Décroissance de la température avec l’altitude dans le Jura francais en fonction du site des postes de mesure: Comparison avec les Alpes et les Vosges, Proc. Int. Symp. on Topoclimatology and its Applications., Liège. Mont-Rigi. Belgium. IGU: 1–11

Diaconescu G (1966) Mersul radiației solare globale și fenomenele meteorologice (Variation of global solar radiation and the meteorological phenomena). Cul Lucr Meteor 1964:125–134 (in Romanian)

Diaconu C, Șerban P (1994) Sinteze și regionalizări hidrologice (Hydrological syntheses and regionalizations). Edit. Tehnică. București (in Romanian)

Douguédroit A, De Saintignon MF (1970) Méthode d’étude de la décroissance des températures en montagne de latitude moyenne: Exemple des Alpes françaises du Sud. Rev Geogr Alp 58:453–472

Douguédroit A, De Saintignon MF (1981) Décroissance des températures mensuelles et annuelles avec l’altitude dans les Alpes du Sud et en Provence (séries 1959–1978). Eaux et Climat: Mélanges Géographiques Offerts en Homage à Charles-Pierre Péguy, ER 30:179–194

Dragotă CS (2006) Precipitațiile excedentare din România (Excedentary precipitation in Romania). Edit. Academiei Române. București. P 176 (in Romanian)

Duchon ED, Essenberg GR (2001) Comparative rainfall observations from pit and aboveground rain gauges with and without wind shields. Wat Resour Res 37(12):3253–3263CrossRef

EEA (2004) Arctic environment: European perspectives. Why should Europe care? Environmental issue report no. 38. p 60

Elder K, Dozier J, Michaelsen J (1991) Snow accumulation and distribution in an alpine watershed. Water Resour Res 27:1541–1552CrossRef

Esteban P, Jones PD, Martin-Vide J, Mases M (2005) Atmospheric circulation patterns related to heavy snowfall days in Andorra, Pyrenees. Int J Climatol 25:319–329CrossRef

Etienne C, Lehmann A, Lopez-Moreno JI, Goyette S, Beniston M (2010) Spatial predictions of extreme wind speeds over Switzerland using generalized additive models. J Appl Meteorol 49:1956–1970CrossRef

Fărcaș I (1981) Contributions au problème de la variation annuelle de la radiation solaire directe sur le surfaces avec différentes orientations et inclinations aux latitudes moyennes. RRGGG-Géogr 25(2):67–72

Florescu I (1981) Silvicultură (Forestry). Edit. Didactică și Pedagogică. București. p 294 (in Romanian)

Gaceu O (2005) Clima și riscurile climatice din Munții Bihor și Vlădeasa (The climate and climatic risks of the Bihor and Vlădeasa Mountains). Edit. Universității din Oradea, p 284 (in Romanian)

Grumăzescu H, Stăncălie G (1988) The surveillance of snow cover dynamics and the forecast of the snowmelt runoff in the Carpathian Basin using remote sensing data. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on hydrology of mountain areas, Strbske Pleso, Cehoslovacia

Gugiuman I, Stoian R (1972) Zăpada în Carpații Românești (Snowpack in the Romanian Carpathians). Lucr Simpoz Geogr Fiz Carpat 1970: 283–296 (in Romanian)

Hammer A, Heinemann D, Hoyer C, Kuhlemann R, Lorenz E, Müller R, Beyer HG (2003) Solar energy assessment using remote sensing technologies. Remote Sens Environ 86:423–432CrossRef

Haring F, Iuga M (1970) Cercetări privind rupturile de zăpadă din arboretele de molid din Munții Maramureșului (Research on the snow-induced damages in the spruce forests of the Maramureș Mountains). Analele ICAS 27(2):479–500 (in Romanian)

Hess M (1965) Vertical climatic zones in the Polish Western Carpathians. Zeszyty Naukowe UJ Prace Geograficzne 11:1–267

Hess M (1971) Vertical climatic zones in north and south Carpathians and their thermic characteristics. Folia Geogr Ser, Geogr Phy Kraków 5:15–23

Holtmeier F-K (2009) Mountain timberlines. Ecology, patchiness, and dynamics – advances in global change research 36. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston/London

Ichim R, Barbu I (1981) Rupturile și doborâturile de zăpadă din pădurile județului Suceava (Snow-induced forest damages in the Suceava County). Seria II. ICAS. București (in Romanian)

Ion-Bordei N (2008) Fenomene meteoclimatice induse de configurația Carpaților în Câmpia Română (Meteorological-climatic phenomena induced by the configuration of the Carpathians in the Romanian Plain). Editura Academiei Române, București, p 174 (in Romanian)

Kocin PJ, Uccellini LW (1990) Snowstorms along the Northeastern Coast of the United States: 1955 to 1985. Meteorol Z 56:418–428

Landolt E (1983) Probleme der Hohenstufen in den Alpen. Bot Helv 93:255–268

Macovei C (2009) The wind – climatic risk factor for Suceava’s county forestry stock. Present Environ Sustain Dev 3:275–286

Mani MS (1968) Ecology and biogeography of high-altitude insects. Junk, The Hague, p 527CrossRef

Marcu G, Stoica C, Beșleagă N, Stoian R, Ceianu I, Dissescu R, Pavelescu I (1969) Doborâturile de vânt în anii 1964–1966 în pădurile din România (Windthrows of the 1964–1966 in the Romanian forests). Edit. Agrosilvică. București. p 161 (in Romanian)

Martonne E de (1907) Recherches sur l’évolution morphologiques des Alpes de Transylvanie. Paris

McClung DM, Scharer P (eds) (2006) The avalanche handbook, 3rd edn. The Mountaineers Books, Seattle, p 342

Micu D (2009) Snow pack in the Romanian Carpathians under changing climatic conditions. Meteorol Atmos Phys 105(1–2):1–16CrossRef

Micu D, Mărășoiu D (2009) Ninsorile abundente din Carpații Meridionali (Heavy snowfalls in the Southern Carpathians). Revista Geografică. XVI. Serie nouă: 5–14 (in Romanian)

Mihai E (1975) Frecvența inversiunilor de temperatură în Depresiunea Brașov (Frequency of temperature inversions in the Brașov Depression). SCGGG-Geogr XVI (2):205–212 (in Romanian)

Miță P, Stăncălie G (1996) Methods of computing of the variation of the characteristics of the snow cover and runoff generated by snowmelting. Centre d’Études et des Recherches Eco-Géographique (CEREG), Strasbourg

Miță P, Simota M, Ungureanu V, Mătreață S (2003) Floods of combined origin – rainfall and snowmelt – in Romanian small catchments. In: Proceedings of the 9th ERB conference, Slovakia, September 25–28, 2002, IHP-VI Technical Documents in Hydrology, p. 67

Mortensen NG, Petersen EL (1998) Influence of topography input data on the accuracy of wind flow modeling in complex terrain. In: Proc. 1997 European Wind Energy Conf. Dublin, Ireland. Electricity Supply Board and the European Commission, pp 317–320

Mote TL, Gamble DW, Underwood SJ, Bentley ML (1997) Synoptic-scale features common to heavy snowstorms in the southeast United States. Weather Forecast 12:5–22CrossRef

Moțoiu M (2008) Avalanșele și impactul lor asupra mediului. Studii de caz din Carpații Meridionali (Snow avalanches and their impact on environment. Case studies from the Southern Carpathians). Edit. Proxima. București. p 279 (in Romanian)

Muică C (1989) Vegetația – Potențialul mediului în Subcarpații Buzăului (Vegetation – Environmental potential of the Buzău Subcarpthians). Institutul de Geografie. București. pp 114–123

Neacșa O, Popovici C (1969) Repartiția duratei de strălucire a Soarelui și a radiației globale pe teritoriul RSR (Distribution of sunshine duration and global solar radiation in Romania). Cul Lucr Meteor 1967 (in Romanian)

Neacșa O, Popovici C, Sabău A, Radu D, Susan V (1973) Viteza maximă a vântului cu diferite probabilități de producere în zona muntoasă degajată a Carpaților Românești (Maximum wind speed with different occurrence probabilities in the high-elevation areas of the Romanian Carpathians). Hidrotehnica 18:590–591 (in Romanian)

Neamu G, Teodoreanu E (1972) Repartiția precipitațiilor atmosferice în raport cu altitudinea în Carpații Românești (Precipitation distribution by height in the Romanian Carpathians). Lucr Simpoz Geogr Fiz Carpat 1972:275–283 (in Romanian)

Niculescu E (1993) Influența suprafeței active montane românești asupra climatului și topoclimatului de tip carpatic (Influence of the mountain underlying surface on the Carpathian climate and topoclimate). Analele Universității din Oradea-Geogr (III):64–68 (in Romanian)

Ohmura A, Dutton EG, Forgan B, Fröhlich C, Gilgen H, Hegner H, Heimo A, König-Langlo G, McArthur B, Müller G, Philipona R, Pinker R, Whitlock CH, Dehne K, Wild M (1998) Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN/WCRP): new precision radiometry for climate research. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 79(10):2115–2136CrossRef

Oprea C (2005) Climatul radiativ pe teritoriul României. O abordare geografică a radiației solare (Radiative climate of Romania. A geographical approach of solar radiation). Book in digital format. ISBN: 973-0-03879. București. p 250 (in Romanian)

Pardé M (1955) Fleuves et rivières. Colin, Paris, p 244

Parish R (2002) Mountain environments. Prentice Hall, New York, p 348

Popa I (2000) Sisteme de cartare a zonelor de risc la doborâturi produse de vânt (approaches for mapping the windthrow risk areas). Revista Pădurilor 4:35–41 (in Romanian)

Popa I (2005) Doborâturi produse de vânt – factor de risc în ecosistemele forestiere montane (Windthrow – risk factor in the mountain forest ecosystems). Anal ICAS 48 (in Romanian)

Posselt R, Mueller R, Stöckli R, Trentmann J (2012) Remote sensing of solar surface radiation for climate monitoring – the CM-SAF retrieval in international comparison. Remote Sens Environ 118:186–198CrossRef

Rolland C (2003) Spatial and seasonal variations of air temperature lapse rates in Alpine regions. J Climate 16(7):1032–1046CrossRef

Sevruk B (1982) Methods of correction for systematic error in point precipitation measurement for operational use. WMO Oper Hydrol Rep 21(589):91 p

Simota M (2005) Modeling the dynamics of snow cover during accumulation and melting periods for the forecasting of snow-melt runoff. In: Proceedings of the XXth conference of the Danube countries, Sept. 4–6, Bratislava, Slovakia

Șorodoc C (1962) Formarea și evoluția ciclonilor mediteraneeni și influența lor asupra timpului în România (The formation and evolution of the Mediterranean cyclones and their influence on weather in Romania). Cul Lucr Meteor 1960: 5–41 (in Romanian)

Stan M (1950) Fluxul de insolație pe suprafețe cu orientări și înclinări diferite pentru latitudinile de 44–48° (The direct solar radiation flux on surfaces with different aspects and slopes for 44–48°N). Mem. și Studii. III. 3. IMC (in Romanian)

Stăncălie G (1991) Remote sensing monitoring of snowpack dynamics in view of estimating the snowcover water resources in drainage basins of hydroelectric power interest. IUGG-XX General Assembly. Congress Report. Wien

Stăncălie G, Catană S, Alecu C (2000) Evaluation and monitoring of snowcover water resources in Carpathian basins by remote sensing and GIS techniques. In: Proceedings of the 26th international conference on alpine meteorology, Innsbruck, Austria

Stăncălie G, Iordache A, Catană S (2003) Study of the influences of geographical factors and meteorological parameters on the snow cover evolution in Romanian mountainous basins. ICAM-MAP Meeting 2003. Publications of MeteoSwiss, Brig, No.66

Stăncălie G, Catană S, Flueraru C (2006) Evaluation and monitoring of snow cover water resources in Carpathian basins using geographic information. In: Pollert J, Dedus B (eds) Security of water supply systems: from source to tap, NATO security through science series, vol. 8. Springer Netherlands, pp 125–135

Stăncescu I (1983) Carpații – factori modificatori ai climei (The Carpthians as modifier factors). Edit. Științifică și Enciclopedică. București, p 139 (in Romanian)

Stăncescu I, Damian D, Șerbu C (1986) Unele particularități în repartiția precipitațiilor atmosferice în zona Carpaților Românești și a regiunilor limitrofe datorate proceselor foehnale (Particularities of precipitation distribution in the Romanian Carpathians and their limitrophe regions induced by foehn processes). Studii și Cercetări-Meteor: 215–223 (in Romanian)

Stănescu VA, Ungureanu V (1997) Hydrological regimes in the FRIEND-AMHY area: space variability and stability. In: FRIEND ‘97 – Regional Hydrology: Concepts and Models for Sustainable Water Resource Management. IAHS Publ. n 246

Stoenescu ȘM (1951) Clima Bucegilor (The climate of the Bucegi Mountains), Edit. Tehnică, București, p 219 (in Romanian)

Święchowicz J (2012) Climate and hydrology. In: Lóczy D, Stankoviansky M, Kotarba A (eds) Recent landform evolution. The Carpatho-Balkan-Dinaric Region. Springer Netherlands, pp 53–55

Țâștea D (1961) Calculul și repartiția radiației solare pe teritoriul RPR (Determination and spatial distribution of solar radiation in Romania). MHGA.1 (in Romanian)

Țâștea D, Lorentz R (1985) Stabilirea corelațiilor dintre gradientul baric și vânturile puternice produse în diverse zone ale României (Correlations between the pressure gradient and gusty winds in different areas of Romania). Cul Lucr Meteor 1982 (in Romanian)

Țâștea D, Neacșa O (1974) Variația altitudinală a principalilor parametri climatici în zona Bâlea-Capra din Masivul Făgăraș (Vertical zonation of the main climatic parameters in the Bâlea-Capra area, the Făgăraș Mountains). Studii de climatologie 1:105–209, in Romanian

Țâștea D, Călinescu G, Soare E (1990) Considerații privind diferența de presiune atmosferică dintre sudul și nordul Culoarului Oltului (Carpații Meridionali) ca factor generator al intensificării vânturilor din sectorul sudic al stației meteorologice Boița (Considerations on the atmospheric pressure differences between the southern and northern parts of the Olt Corridor – the Southern Carpathians –, as genetic factors of wind intensifications in the southern sector of Boița weather station). Studii și Cercetări-Meteor, 4 (in Romanian)

Teodoreanu E (1980) Culoarul Rucăr-Bran. Studiu climatic și topoclimatic (The Rucăr-Bran Corridor. A climatic and topoclimatic study). Edit. Academiei. București. p 166 (in Romanian)

Tilinca Z, Fărcaș I, Mihăilescu M (1976) Contribuție la studiul sinoptic al foehnului în Munții Apuseni (Contribution to the synoptic study of foehn in the Apuseni Mountains). Studii și Cercetări-Meteor I(2):567–584 (in Romanian)

Urdea P (2012) Periglacial processes. In: Lóczy D, Stankoviansky M, Kotarba A (eds) Recent landform evolution. The Carpatho-Balkan-Dinaric Region. Springer Netherlands, pp 266–269

Vespremeanu-Stroe A, Cheval S, Tatui F (2012) The wind regime of Romania – characteristics, trends and North Atlantic oscillation influences. Forum Geogr 2:118–126, XICrossRef

Voiculescu M (2002) Fenomene geografice de risc în Masivul Făgăraș (Geographical risk phenomena in the Făgăraș Massif). Edit. Brumar. Timișoara. p 231

Voiculescu M (2009) Snow avalanche hazards in the Făgăraș Massif (Southern Carpathians): Romanian Carpathians-Management and perspectives. Nat Hazards 51(3):459–475CrossRef

Voiculescu M, Onaca A, Milian N, Ardelean F, Török-Oance M, Stăncescu M (2010) Analysis of snow avalanche from mars 07, 2007 within the Călțun-Negoiu area, in the Făgăraș massif (Southern Carpathians). Anal Univ din Oradea-Geogr XX(1):22–33

Whiteman CD (2000) Mountain meteorology. Fundamentals and applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 355

Wild R, O’Hare G, Wilby R (1996) A historical record of blizzards/major snow events in the British Isle, 1880–1989. Weather 51:81–90CrossRef

Winstral A, Elder K, Davis RE (2002) Spatial snow modeling of wind-redistributed snow using terrain-based parameters. J Hydrometeorol 3:524–538CrossRef

WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (2009) Guidelines on analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support of informed decisions for adaptation, Climate data and monitoring WCDMP-No. 72: 55 p

Zăvoianu I, Alexandrescu M, Anghel C, Mustățea A (1995) Corelații între precipitații și altitudine în Carpații Meridionali (Correlations between precipitation and height in the Southern Carpathians). Studii și Cercetări-Geogr XLII:13–19 (in Romanian)

Title: Regional Climatic Patterns
Authors: Dana Magdalena Micu
Alexandru Dumitrescu
Sorin Cheval
Marius-Victor Birsan
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Climate of the Romanian Carpathians
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02885-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-02886-6

Copyright Year: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02886-6_7